国常会部署稳增长 基建投资有望被放在更加突出位置

2022-04-07 10:49:28

本轮疫情令市场对经济产生一定的担忧,有迹象显示服务业经营活动指数与制造业PMI指数都出现回落:4月6日公布的3月财新中国通用服务业经营活动指数(服务业PMI)录得42.0,较2月大幅回落8.2个百分点,为2020年3月以来最低。

本轮疫情令市场对经济产生一定的担忧,有迹象显示服务业经营活动指数与制造业PMI指数都出现回落:4月6日公布的3月财新中国通用服务业经营活动指数(服务业PMI)录得42.0,较2月大幅回落8.2个百分点,为2020年3月以来最低。

不仅如此,4月1日发布的3月财新中国制造业PMI较上月回落2.3个百分点至48.1,再度落入收缩区间;这一走势与国家统计局制造业PMI一致。国家统计局公布的3月制造业PMI录得49.5,也较2月回落0.7个百分点,5个月来首次跌至收缩区间。

在此背景下,稳增长再次被提及:3月29日召开的国务院常务会议强调“坚定信心,咬定目标不放松,把稳增长放在更加突出的位置”,并部署用好政府债券扩大有效投资,促进补短板增后劲和经济稳定增长;决定新开工一批条件成熟的水利工程,提高水资源保障和防灾减灾能力。

随后3月31日,国家发展改革委组织召开“十四五”规划102项重大工程实施部际联席会议第一次会议也要求,各部门要确保102项重大工程每一项任务落地见效。要在防范化解各类风险基础上,扎实做好推进项目前期工作,加大资金、用地等要素保障力度,加快在建项目建设,尽快形成实物工作量。

受访业界专家对《中国经营报》记者表示:“国常会再次夯实稳定经济增长的信号。而基建投资作为稳增长的重要抓手,将被放在更加突出的位置。因为年初以来,局部散发病例和国际地缘政治升温,加大国内经济下行的压力。由此,这需要适度加大基建补短板力度;同时还需要推动项目尽快落地见效。”

基建投资仍是稳增长主要抓手

此次国务院常务会议指出,下一步,要更好发挥专项债效能。坚持既利当前又惠长远,加大惠民生、补短板等领域投资,支持新基建等增后劲、上水平项目建设。合理扩大专项债使用范围,在重点用于交通、能源、生态环保、保障性安居工程等领域项目基础上,支持有一定收益的公共服务等项目。坚持资金跟着项目走,加快项目开工和建设,尽快形成实物工作量。

记者注意到,与去年同期相比,今年一季度地方债发行显著放量。有数据显示,今年一季度各地共发行地方债18246亿元,是去年同期发行量的2倍多。其中,新增专项债发行12981亿元,约占今年“提前批”额度的89%,约占全年额度的36%。还有数据显示,在1月份新增专项债券4844亿元中,基建相关投资占比达67.4%。从资金投向看,1月近七成新增专项债券投向基建领域。

对此,光大银行金融市场部宏观研究员周茂华日前接受《中国经营报》记者采访时分析说:“与去年相比,国内稳增长政策靠前发力,确保上半年经济运作合理区间,地方政府专项债发行明显前置。随着这些资金尽快形成实物工作量,基建投资增速将明显加快。”

实际上,在3月份的数据中,建筑业景气水平小幅上升。来自国家统计局数据显示,随着气候转暖,建筑业施工进度有所加快,商务活动指数为58.1%,比上月上升0.5个百分点,其中土木工程建筑业商务活动指数为64.7%,高于上月6.1个百分点,升至高位景气区间。有分析称,这均显示基建投资正在加快形成实物工作量的进程。

摩根士丹利证券首席经济学家章俊也对记者表示:“近期外部地缘风险以及国内疫情对经济增长造成负面冲击,宏观政策需采取更有力举措。在当前稳增长任务更重的背景下,预计二季度新增专项债发行规模至少会与一季度持平,使得上半年发行规模达到2.5万亿元左右。”

章俊还告诉记者:“未来会有更多新增专项债投向新能源、5G、大数据等新基建相关项目,以及保障性安居工程。”

东方证券也认为,基建见效快,是稳增长最有力的抓手。该券商还指出,2012 年8月基建重回两位数增长,距离项目大幅增加用了大约1个季度。以此为借鉴,当前的超预期基建增速存在一定持续性,也将成为今年稳增长的重要来源。

上述国务院常务会议还指出,今年再开工一批已纳入规划、条件成熟的项目,包括南水北调后续工程等重大引调水、骨干防洪减灾、病险水库除险加固、灌区建设和改造等工程。这些工程加上其他水利项目,全年可完成投资约8000亿元。在业界看来,这意味着基建高增的确定性进一步增强。

记者注意到,今年固定资产投资实现良好开局。1~2月份,固定资产投资(不含农户)同比增长12.2%,比2021年全年加快7.3个百分点。其中,基础设施投资增速加快:1~2月份,基础设施投资同比增长8.1%,增速比2021年全年加快7.7个百分点。

展望未来基建投资增速,德邦证券首席宏观经济学家芦哲近日发布的研报称,基建发力是今年经济增长最重要的支撑,预计今年基建增速能达到5%~7%左右。

周茂华还向记者指出,今年除了基建补短板发力外,国内消费与外需都是稳增长重要抓手。

中原银行首席经济学家王军接受《中国经营报》记者采访时认为:“稳增长的核心是稳消费。稳消费的关键是财政政策扩张,财政政策扩张的抓手是消费券。”

二季度稳增长政策有望加快推进

目前已进入二季度,业界专家预计二季度稳增长政策有望加快推进。

周茂华对记者分析:“1~2月国内经济数据表现理性,经济恢复态势良好,但3月以来国内散发疫情影响及国际地缘局势外溢效应,经济下行压力加大,预计国内将加大托底力度,财政、货币、产业等政策协同,总量与结构政策工具配合,提升政策质效。”

在宏观调控政策方面,周茂华认为:“面对全球复杂经济环境,短期稳增长,中长期经济潜力释放,稳内需是短期稳增长抓手,也是加快构建中长期双循环新发展格局的着力点。”

在周茂华看来,在稳内需上,一方面需要适度扩大有效投资,合理加大基建补短板;另一方面为市场主体纾困,保市场主体,稳就业和收入,促进内需稳步恢复。同时,外贸对我国经济发展仍然重要,国内仍需要落实落细此前出台的外贸企业纾困、促进外贸高质量发展的政策组合拳,促进外贸平稳健康发展。

在扩大有效投资上,此次国务院常务会议部署用好政府债券扩大有效投资,促进补短板增后劲和经济稳定增长。

对于会议强调有效投资,周茂华认为,一是避免无效投资与重复投资,提升投资效率,让地方政府财政更可持续;二是聚焦民生所需所盼,例如城市基础设施建设、防洪防内涝等基础设施建设;三是聚焦未来发展潜力,合理制定发展规划,量力而行,适度加大新基建投资,例如通过发展新一代信息网络、5G应用、新能源充电桩,助力产业升级与产业结构调整,提升我国经济长期发展效率等;四是继续促进国内区域平衡发展等。

展望二季度,东方证券认为,3月LPR(贷款市场报价利率)按兵不动不代表货币政策宽松窗口的结束,为配合中小企业疫后纾困、大宗商品价格高企、政府债券大量发行等因素,降准甚至降息的窗口有望继续打开。

华安证券分析师何宁也认为:“后续可能再降准降息,鉴于5~6 月美联储可能连续加息,且5月可能加息50bp(基点),预计最快4月国内可能落实降准降息;财政支出节奏可能靠前。”

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Correlation

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整体而言,尽管万亿国债增发对水泥行业偏向利好,但笔者认为这种积极影响主要还是体现在情绪上,真实需求影响比较有限。

2023-10-25 16:59:22

据中国水泥网行情数据中心消息,东北地区工程项目进入冬前赶工期,整体市场需求有所提升,发货量增长,加之煤炭等原材料价格上涨,水泥成本增加,区域内企业涨价意愿强烈。为提升盈利,11日起黑龙江、吉林地区一些主要厂家再次通知上调水泥及熟料价格50-70元/吨左右,具体落实有待观察。此外,11日起辽宁部分地区一些主要厂家也开始通知上调水泥价格30-50元/吨,其余市场暂观望待跟进。

2023-10-13 11:09:13

总的来看,市场涨价氛围浓厚。至于此次价格上涨原因,上述市场人士均表示,进入传统旺季,尽管下游需求仍显疲软,但受原燃材料价格上涨影响,叠加错峰生产,全国水泥价格保持上行。

2023-10-10 09:17:16

近年来,新疆水泥市场一直保持良好的增长态势,尤其是2021年全疆水泥产量增长15.5%。但2022年由于疫情管控、全疆固定资产投资放缓,建筑项目开工不足等不利因素影响,水泥需求下滑严重,水泥价格整体下降。煤炭、原材料、物流成本等整体维持高位运行,在量价齐跌、成本上涨双向压力下,水泥行业利润严重下滑。

2023-10-09 18:45:23

非洲国家整体经济落后,未来城镇化和基础设施建设空间较大,多数水泥大国均面临产能严重过剩局面,未来投资机会较为稀缺。但也有些国家经济发展潜力大,水泥需求强劲,加之当地水泥产能利用率低下,水泥供需出现缺口,市场机会值得把握。

2023-09-27 11:26:29

业内表示,交通基础建设是拉动水泥需求的重要一环,特别是当前房地产行业告别高增长时代之后,交通基础建设对水泥需求的拉动更显重要。交通、水利水电等重大基础设施项目加快推进,将有效拉动水泥需求。

2023-09-27 09:18:58

从水泥需求相关数据来看,水泥需求已拐点向下。

2023-09-24 10:04:26

In practice, on the contrary, it is often found by the supervision team of ecological environment protection that in some places, the "two high" projects are blindly launched and not strictly controlled, and the production capacity is increased in violation of regulations. What should have been seen by the "expert" in charge was seen by the "layman" in environmental protection. Aren't you ashamed?