能耗“双控”管理有变化

2022-02-08 09:26:30

继2021年中央经济工作会议明确“新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制”后,河南省发改委近日印发的《关于加强能耗和煤炭指标保障支持重大项目建设的通知》,率先提出了详细的落实办法。

继2021年中央经济工作会议明确“新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制”后,河南率先拿出详细的落实办法。

河南省发改委近日印发的《关于加强能耗和煤炭指标保障支持重大项目建设的通知》(以下简称《通知》)提出,以2020年可再生能源电力消费为基数,“十四五”期间每年较上一年新增的可再生能源电力不纳入能源消费总量控制。生产烯烃、芳烃、化肥、农药、醇类等产品过程中的原料用能,不纳入能耗双控考核。原料用煤不纳入煤炭消费总量控制考核。

《通知》还强调,对于完成省定能耗强度降低目标的不再考核能源消费总量,各地方不得以完成能耗总量控制目标为由限制新建符合要求的项目。河南的先尝先试释放出地方优化用能管理的信号。

用煤指标理性“松绑”

“原料煤经转化后大部分进入产品,并不直接排放二氧化碳”“指标一收紧,企业用煤跟着紧张,但原料煤和燃料煤不是一回事”“原料煤是否应计入能耗指标困扰着整个行业,不止一地遇到指标难题……”包括河南在内,记者早前走访多地时均听到类似声音,区分原料煤和燃料煤是行业呼吁多年的诉求。

在国家气候变化专家委员会委员王志轩看来,原料用能不纳入全国及地方能耗双控考核,本质上回归了能源的双重或者说多重属性。“我国煤炭消费中有很大一部分是作为化工或者其它原料使用的,与发达国家以石油或天然气为化工原料的情况不同。”

“笼统计算导致一些好项目受制于用能指标,进而影响先进、高端产品发展及产业结构优化。前两年,我们经常帮企业想办法找指标,部分项目甚至因无煤可用被迫停工。”河南省石化协会常务副会长苏东告诉记者,中央经济工作会议召开以来,大家盼着政策进一步细化、落地,考核方式更合理,“企业不必再为‘保住原料煤’而苦恼,可以把更多精力放在生产管理、节能降耗上。目前,行业投资热度正在回升,形势已现好转。”

根据《通知》,河南还将优先支持产出效益高、支撑作用强的涉煤项目建设。各地在确保完成省定“十四五”煤炭消费总量控制目标前提下,可统筹调剂本区域煤炭消费指标作为新建项目煤炭消费替代量。对于跨市域整合的传统产业项目,按照“要素跟着项目走”原则,以项目退出年份的实际煤炭消费量为基数,项目转出地同步转移70%的煤炭消费指标,其他部分由转入地承担。此外,重大项目实施能耗和煤炭指标省级统筹。

能耗总量允许合理弹性

据了解,除了河南,山西、山东等地也在细化政策,结合自身情况调整能耗考核。国务院1月24日印发的《“十四五”节能减排综合工作方案》再次强调,优化完善能耗双控制度。具体包括,以能源产出率为重要依据,综合考虑发展阶段等因素,合理确定各地区能耗强度降低目标;各省(自治区、直辖市)根据地区生产总值增速目标和能耗强度降低基本目标确定年度能源消费总量目标等内容。

“我国能源消费总量大、化石能源比重高,经济增长对高耗能、高排放产业依赖程度较高,要转变传统粗放发展模式,必须把提升能源产出率作为重要目标。

而将能源产出率作为重要标尺,融入能源开发利用全过程和各领域,反过来有利于从源头上大幅降低能源消耗及碳排放负荷,大量节约末端治理投资。”一位发改系统人士表示,提升能源产出率不是限制用能,也不是简单要求各地统一水平,应结合地方实际条件,创新更高效率的发展模式,探索各具特色的高质量发展路径。

王志轩认为,在能源消费总量上,应允许保持合理弹性,国家不设具体的能源消费总量目标,并不再向地方直接下达,各地可根据实际经济增速确定总量目标,也是一项具有重大标志性意义的改革。“随着我国经济进入高质量发展新阶段,主体功能、区域发展等战略深入推进,经济产业提质增效、能源结构调整优化、产业布局产生了很多新特点,由国家一次性直接下达地区能源消费总量目标,已不能适应不断变化的经济形势和能源供应形势。调整充分尊重了地方实际,突出了能源消费总量作为管理手段的作用。”

节能降碳要求并未放松

值得注意的是,优化管理不等于放松标准。以河南为例,《通知》同时要求,从“两高”项目管理、能耗强度目标完成情况及煤炭消费替代等方面做好研判和节能审查前期准备,避免出现节能审查滞后影响项目开工、节能审查未批先开工建设等问题。各地要确保完成“十四五”能耗强度降低和煤炭消费总量控制目标。

据了解,由于原料煤使用情况复杂,涉及诸多细分领域及不同工艺流程、产品方案,一些项目存在部分反应过程同时使用燃料煤和原料煤的情况,行业自身也在制定相关标准,针对不同项目提升边界划分和统计考核的准确性,避免操作中出现歧义、误差。多位专家一致表示,尽管方案尚未敲定,但不管如何区分,不纳入绝不是没有约束。

“无论原料煤还是燃料煤,使用中都要把解决碳排放问题作为核心。下一步,能耗双控过渡到碳排放总量和强度双控,实际上提出了更高要求。”苏东举例,煤化工项目耦合风电、光伏发电制备绿氢,是行业公认的理想降碳路径,加上新增可再生能源不纳入能源消费总量控制,进一步利好煤化工项目。“但目前,真正用上绿氢的项目并不多。技术层面不存在大问题,但电解水制氢成本偏高,大规模使用绿氢难以承受。再如,煤化工项目碳排放相对集中,从终端比较好收集,但回收后如何利用?这些都是要解决的问题。”

上述发改系统人士指出,从地方到行业、企业,都要把发展重心转向提质增效。“提升能源产出率是一项复杂的系统工程,既要瞄准国际国内先进水平,不断缩小技术、产业等方面的差距,也要勇于创新发展理念、模式和业态,努力实现绿色跨越发展。”

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Correlation

On October 24, the "2024 China Cement Double Carbon Conference and the 12th Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Exchange Conference" was held in Wuhu, Anhui Province. Gao Dengbang, President of China Cement Association, Zhu Shengli, General Manager of Anhui Conch Group Co., Ltd., Lv Zhijian, President of Xinjiang Building Material Industry Association, Ma Weiping, Chairman of OCC, Jiang Dehong, Vice President and Chief Engineer of Tianshan Materials Co., Ltd., Li Jian, Associate Researcher of Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fan Yueming, Professor of South China University of Technology, Zhuge Wenda, Chairman of Leishan Cement Co., Ltd., Century Xinfeng, Hubei, Yan Haochun, Technical Director of China National Inspection and Testing Holding Group and General Manager of Certification and Evaluation Center.

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