Recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Developing New Quality Productive Forces. The responsible person of the National Development and Reform Commission was interviewed on the 9th and answered questions from reporters.
Ask: At this point in time, what are the considerations of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in issuing opinions?
Answer: The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have three main considerations in issuing the opinions.
First, we should thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions. The opinions are based on General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches, instructions and expositions on the development of new quality productive forces, summarizing the achievements of theoretical research and vivid practice, putting forward 19 major development and reform tasks, transforming General Secretary Xi Jinping's original ideological theory into a guide for action, and establishing a unified ideological action for the development of new quality productive forces throughout the country.
The second is to guide the high-quality economic and social development of the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan". General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the concept of new quality productivity to guide high-quality development. High-quality development is the theme of economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan, which is related to the overall situation of socialist modernization in China. This year is the first year of the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan, and the issuance of opinions by the Party Central Committee and the State Council at this time is of great significance for unifying the thinking and action of the whole country.
Thirdly, we should solve the emerging problems in our work practice. Around the development of new quality productive forces, the whole country attaches great importance to and actively practices, but there are some emerging problems in the specific work. For example, some people unilaterally believe that the development of new quality productive forces is to focus on future industries and emerging industries, ignoring the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries; some layout plans for future industries and emerging industries are similar, and do not reflect the requirements of local conditions. In view of these problems, the opinions put forward targeted measures.
Ask: How should we understand the opinions that we should adhere to the principle of "innovation-led, reform-oriented, suiting measures to local conditions, establishing first and then breaking through"?
Answer: The opinions put forward these four principles, which are the Party Central Committee's profound grasp of the objective law of the development of new quality productive forces, and are aimed at correcting the problems in practice and exploration, such as blind layout and investment divorced from reality, rushing headlong into mass action to develop new and future industries, neglecting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and emphasizing development over reform. In practice, we should always adhere to these four principles to ensure that the development of new quality productive forces does not deviate, advance rashly or bubble.
First, we should adhere to the leading role of innovation, that is, we should take innovation as the logical starting point for the development of new quality productive forces. Second, we should adhere to the principle of reform, that is, we should take reform as a key measure to develop new quality productive forces. Thirdly, we should adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, that is, we should take resource endowment as the practical criterion for developing new quality productive forces. Fourthly, we should insist on establishing first and then breaking down, that is, we should take the smooth continuation of new and old kinetic energy as the way to develop new quality productivity.
Ask: The opinions put forward that we should "coordinate the relationship between government and market, quality and format, reform and development, autonomy and openness, and coordinate development and security". How to grasp it concretely in practice?
Answer: This is the general requirement for the practice of developing new quality productive forces. In practice, we must adhere to dialectical thinking and systematic concepts, and prevent one-sidedness, absolutism, and one-size-fits-all.
First, we should coordinate the relationship between the government and the market. The key point is that the government should do something and not do something. To do something is to focus on optimizing the market environment, correcting market failure and standardizing competition order, so as to provide a stage for fair competition among all kinds of business entities. To refrain from doing something is to strictly prohibit vicious investment attraction, blindly "following the trend" of projects and "burning money" in the name of developing new quality productive forces.
The second is to coordinate the relationship between quality and format. New quality productivity has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and is an advanced productivity state in line with the new development concept. Quality is the internal quality and development quality of productivity, and format is the external manifestation and carrier of productivity. In order to take high quality as the orientation of the development of all industries, we should not simply equate new quality productivity with certain industries, promote the joint development of future industries, emerging industries and traditional industries, and prevent individual advance.
Third, we should coordinate the relationship between reform and development. We should attach equal importance to both reform and development, deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms and institutional supply throughout the whole process of development, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole society in developing new productive forces.
Fourth, we should coordinate the relationship between autonomy and openness. Attract advanced and high-quality production factors from all over the world, enhance the linkage effect of domestic and international markets and resources, enhance their economic strength and independent innovation ability in open cooperation, and create a good international environment for the development of new quality productive forces.
Fifth, coordinate development and security. We should not only focus on the development of new productive forces, foster and strengthen new momentum, and promote a high level of security with high-quality development, but also study and judge various hidden dangers such as technology ethics, data security and industrial risks in a forward-looking manner, and improve relevant laws and regulations, ethical review rules and regulatory frameworks to ensure high-quality development with a high level of security.
Ask: Scientific and technological innovation is the core element of developing new quality productive forces. What are the considerations for the deployment of "vigorously promoting scientific and technological innovation"?
Answer: Scientific and technological innovation can give birth to new industries, new models and new momentum, and is the core element of developing new quality productivity. Opinions regard "vigorously promoting scientific and technological innovation" as the first of the five major tasks in order to emphasize its importance.
One is to deploy "what to do" in the long run and at present. In the long run, opinions are deployed to "strengthen original and subversive scientific and technological innovation". Based on the current situation, opinions are deployed to "speed up breakthroughs in key core technologies".
The second is to deploy "who will do it" from the combination of government and effective market. From the perspective of the government, the opinions are deployed to "coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces". From the perspective of market effectiveness, opinions are deployed to "strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation".
The third is to deploy "what to do" from the goal of realistic productivity. Opinions regard "accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces" as one of the major tasks, that is, to guide people to pay more attention to application orientation and anchor the goal of scientific and technological innovation in the development of new quality productive forces.
Ask: Why does the opinion highlight "actively promoting the energy revolution"?
A: Energy security concerns the national economy and the people's livelihood, and is a "great power of the country" that cannot be ignored. The opinions put forward that "actively promoting the energy revolution" is a major strategic choice made by the CPC Central Committee under the background of accelerating the evolution of unprecedented changes in the world in a century, interweaving the scientific and technological revolution with the game between big powers, deeply reshaping the global energy supply and demand pattern, and accelerating the pace of green and low-carbon energy transformation.
The opinions highlight the need to "actively promote the energy revolution". There are three main considerations: first, the energy revolution is the key track for the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation; second, actively promoting the energy revolution is the only way to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality; third, the development of new quality productivity needs to provide reliable security through the energy revolution.
Ask: Opinions on deepening the innovation of talent work mechanism to make systematic arrangements, how to grasp these reform tasks?
Answer: Talent is the primary resource and the most active and decisive subject in the development of new quality productive forces. The opinions systematically deploy the innovation of talent working mechanism from the aspects of training talents urgently needed for the development of new quality productive forces, improving the policy of talent use and mobility, and so on. In practice, we should focus on three aspects: first, pay more attention to the independent training of talents; second, pay more attention to the incentive evaluation of talents; third, pay more attention to the rational flow of talents.
Ask: How to implement the opinions in the next step?
Answer: At present and for some time to come, relevant departments in all regions should take the implementation of opinions as a major political task, explore development paths in light of actual conditions, sum up experiences and practices in a timely manner, strengthen publicity and promotion, and create a good atmosphere. At the same time, the development of new quality productive forces is a systematic project. In the process of implementing the opinions, we should also adhere to the systematic thinking and overall concept, and pay attention to the combination with the implementation of the major decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee.
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