水泥冷暖大佬谈|宋志平:覆巢之下,焉有完卵?

2023-09-13 16:33:43

行业是一个大系统,企业是这个系统的组成部分,只有整个系统健康了,每个企业才能健康发展;系统不健康,单个企业的发展会非常艰难。覆巢之下,焉有完卵?

近年来,国内水泥需求持续下滑,2023年初至今,国内水泥价格下行压力极大,多地爆发价格战,即便是华东等热门地区,水泥价格也跌至历史低谷。鉴于房地产行业态势,业内对水泥未来需求并不乐观,对市场态势走向充满迷茫。

水泥行业如何应对当前困局?中国建材集团原董事长、中国上市公司协会会长宋志平的一些观点值得业内深思。

行业是一个大系统,企业是这个系统的组成部分,只有整个系统健康了,每个企业才能健康发展;系统不健康,单个企业的发展会非常艰难。覆巢之下,焉有完卵?

行业发展不好,任何企业都难以独善其身。只有行业价值实现了,企业价值才能得以维系和提升。

早些年的中国水泥行业十分混乱,行业内企业的生存环境异常恶劣。大家都在比产量,看谁生产的水泥多,可生产出来,又卖不出去,市场根本没有那么大的容量,于是又拼价格,比谁卖得便宜。自杀式的压价竞争导致以次充好,各类质量事故层出不穷,甚至危及整个行业的生存。

在2009年的中国国际水泥峰会上,宋志平提出了一个观点:“行业利益高于企业利益,企业利益蕴于行业利益之中。企业个体的小道理应该服从于行业整体的大道理。”

宋志平表示:“煤炭、钢铁行业就是我们的镜子,行业好的时候,企业就好;行业差的时候,即使最好的企业也会遇到困难,从这么多年的实践中大家都已经看到了。所以,我们的行业精英应该静下心来,研究如何提高行业的整体效益。”

过去,水泥企业往往只埋头于自己的发展,在市场上进行的往往是企业之间简单的甚至是恶性的竞争。企业总希望打败别人,一枝独秀或“几枝共秀”,却忽视了整个行业的系统性问题。

事实上,就全国来看,由于水泥行业重要的上游资源——石灰石比较丰富,新建一条水泥生产线,在技术和设备上并不复杂。所以,一枝独秀的想法不符合现实情况,只能把行业拖入打恶仗的乱局。在水泥行业中,重要的不是先做好哪一个企业,而是如何先把行业做好。

从管理学上分析,道理是什么呢?工业化时代是供不应求的时代,企业推行“泰勒式”的科学管理,着眼点是提高效率、多生产产品。随着社会经济的发展,在充分竞争的时代,企业又提出围绕“质量、服务、价格”三要素进行竞争,希望能够做到物美价廉。这种靠简单扩大规模来提高效益的思路,成为传统制造企业的管理思路。

但在现在的过剩经济时代,那种依靠增量发展降低成本,进而获得效益的做法已难以奏效。企业只考虑自身是不行的,必须考虑行业系统的最优化,考虑行业内企业的共同利益。

行业要实现可持续的健康发展,需要企业家们达成共识,共同培育一个健康的市场。

一个健康的市场要具备两个条件:首先,大企业要有一定的议价能力,成为主导市场健康发展的重要力量;其次,企业之间要从恶性竞争、过度竞争走向理性竞合。

推进市场的健康化发展,总得有企业做先行者。大企业对行业负有更大的责任,应当系统、全面、长远地想问题,应当引导整个市场良性运行,带领大家互利共赢。光治自己的病不行,要把整个系统的病治好才行。

比如对中国建材来讲,联合重组从一开始就不是零和游戏,而是共生多赢之举。所谓共生多赢,就是“大家都赚钱”。我们希望在行业繁荣的情况下,大家都能赢利。在行业中不能光我们自己“吃肉”,而让大家“喝汤”,应该有均富和共富的思想,让大家一起共享行业健康化发展带来的成果。这是后来中国建材坚持做“整合者”而不做“新增者”的原因。可以说,这也是根据行业现状、遵循市场经济规律所做出的一种必然的战略选择。

正所谓“一荣俱荣,一损俱损”。在当前行业态势下,国内水泥企业更应该讲全局、讲“蓝海”、讲共赢。

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Correlation

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The survival of the fittest and the elimination of uncompetitive production capacity by market competition.

2024-01-16 14:24:36

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How should cement enterprises deal with this industry situation or continue to continue in 2024?

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