China Cement Network, believes that the current cement industry must fulfill its major historical responsibilities and obligations through the two major transformations of carbon emissions and carbon reduction roles. The subject of carbon neutralization in
cement industry has been studied and practiced for nearly 20 years in advanced European and American countries, and for 3 to 4 years in China. How can we effectively and substantially reduce the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of cement, not only do not affect the performance and operation of cement, but also maintain a relatively low cost of cement production. After about 20 years of exploration and practice, this issue has gained a clear and concrete consensus in the international community. On the premise of maintaining the strength and performance of cement unchanged, the global cement industry generally believes that there are five effective carbon reduction technology paths for cement industry. Next, I will take the carbon emission of 610 kgCO2/t. C. Per unit of cement in China in 2021 as the benchmark. The carbon reduction effect of these five carbon reduction paths in 2050 is calculated. Carbon
reduction path 1 is aimed at the process carbon emission of cement: less clinker (935 kgCO2/t. Cl.) and high-grade cement with the highest carbon footprint are used, and more 32.5 cement (~ 600 kgCO2/t. C.) with the lowest carbon footprint is used; Develop and promote the use of green low-carbon new cementitious materials SCMs (300 ~ 500 kg CO2/t. C.) with the lowest carbon footprint; Reduce the clinker coefficient CF to below 0.50; the proportion of 32.5 cement in the total consumption of cement increases from 23% to 40%, the proportion of LC3 and SCMs increases from 3% to 25% (this task is relatively arduous), the proportion of 42.5 cement decreases from 48% to 20%, and the proportion of 525 cement decreases from 26% to 15%. Its carbon reduction effect can reach 182 kg CO2/t. C., accounting for 30% of the total carbon emission of 610 kg CO2/t. C. Per unit cement in 2021. Carbon
reduction path 2 is aimed at the carbon emission of cement combustion: using combustible waste to replace 100% of fossil fuels to burn clinker; reducing the unit heat consumption of clinker to the minimum (600 kcal/kg. Cl.); Develop hydrogen energy to replace fossil fuels. Its carbon reduction effect can reach 140 kg CO2/t. C., accounting for 23% of the total. Carbon
reduction path 3 is aimed at the carbon emission of electricity consumption of cement: it is to minimize the unit electricity consumption of cement (60 kWh/t. C.); Improve the efficiency of waste heat power generation (more than 40kWh/t. Cl.); The cement plant has its own photovoltaic wind power + energy storage system to provide zero-carbon electricity for the plant. Its carbon reduction effect can reach 61 kg CO2/t. C., accounting for 10% of the total. The realization of
the above carbon reduction path 1 + 2 + 3 must rely on the efforts of the cement industry itself. By 2050, the carbon reduction effect of these three paths is predicted to reach 383 kg CO2/t. C., accounting for 63% of the total.
The carbon reduction path 4 takes into account the carbon sink function of cement structures and cement products, and the whole life cycle is calculated as 100 years (100 kg CO2/t. C.). Its carbon reduction effect can reach 100 kg CO2/t. C., accounting for 16. 4% of the total.
Carbon reduction path 5 is to use the method of covering the whole, and the carbon dioxide finally emitted by the cement plant is captured, utilized or stored by CCUS technology. To ensure that the cement industry achieves zero carbon emissions and carbon neutralization. The CCUS required to achieve carbon neutralization was 127 kg CO2/t. C., accounting for 20.6% of the total.
Practice shows that these carbon reduction technology paths are highly targeted, although their efficiency needs to be improved and the cost needs to be reduced. However, on the whole, it is relatively economical, practical and feasible, and the effect is acceptable. Of course, we must first make arduous and unremitting efforts in scientific and technological research and development and innovation, and constantly improve and improve, so as to achieve the above expected goals. Therefore, we still have a lot of research and development work to do, and fruitful results can never be achieved easily.
In fact, there is no direct correlation between CCUS technology and cement technology. Initially, cement plants in the world were transplanted from other industries. In recent years, however, CCF/CNC, a carbon-neutral consortium of cement plants and chemical plants that produce synthetic fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide, has been successfully created. At present, both the international community and China are vigorously promoting the research and development of carbon dioxide utilization, which is pregnant with new breakthroughs and can be expected to turn carbon dioxide from harm to benefit.
China's cement industry has a solid foundation in science and technology, economy, talent, strength and other aspects in these five carbon reduction technology paths. As long as the overall scientific deployment is appropriate, it is a big probability event for the cement industry to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050.
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