[评论]新疆PPP项目“停工”——基建投资增速下降,今年水泥需求有可能下滑

2018-05-18 13:38:47

2017年新疆固定资产投资固定资产投资额为11,795.64亿元,比上年增长20.0%,其中基础设施投资5,313.90亿元,增长42.4%。今年新疆地区基础设施投资增速相比去年将会有所下降,水泥需求可能会受到一定的影响。

  近期,各大自媒体不约而同地发布关于“新疆PPP项目全线停工”的文章,这到底是空穴来风还是确有其事?PPP项目中占据较大比例的、交通运输、市政工程等基建项目,对于上游建材行业,如水泥的需求至关重要。而过去新疆长期依靠基础设施投资拉动经济增长的方式决定了该区域的投资情况受到业内众多人士关注。

  纵观外界纷纭的消息和解读,笔者提出了以下几个观点:

  一、并非针对PPP项目发展,症结在于防控政府负债,长远发展仍是利好

  PPP项目清库并非骤然而起,2017年11月10日,财政部发布了92号文,表明要“防止PPP异化为新的融资平台,坚决遏制隐性债务风险增量”,要求“各省级财政部门应于2018年3月31日前完成本地区项目管理库集中清理工作”。2018年4月27日,财政部发布《关于进一步加强政府和社会资本合作(PPP)示范项目规范管理的通知》。此次对示范项目的处理分为三类,第一类“退库项目”既退库也退示范,第二类“退示范项目”只退示范不退库,第三类“整改项目”则保留在示范项目清单中,根据整改情况决定是否继续保留在示范项目清单。据统计有84个示范项目发生变动,其中30个同时移出项目库和示范项目名单,在前三批697个示范项目中占比约4.3%;54个调出示范项目名单,占比约7.7%。此次通知中涉及到的新疆地区的项目有两个,均为上述第一类,总投资金额为4.16亿元。

  表1:新疆地区需规范处理PPP项目情况

  数据来源:财政部

  经过两年快速发展,新疆PPP项目落地数和投资额实现了大规模扩容。截至2017年9月末,财政部综合信息管理平台入库项目共计1124个,累计投资额12012亿元,项目落地率位居全国第二,覆盖14个地州市和19个行业领域。此次清库涉及到的新疆项目数量和总金额占比并不大。

  各种迹象表明,国家并没有停止PPP的规划,而只是为了将其纳入规范管理。PPP作为一种先进的制度,引入社会资本推动公共领域的市场化,在关乎民生的基础设施建设等项目缓解政府财政的资金压力,自2014年以来迅速发展,但相关法律制度尚不完善。实际发展过程中却由于政府部门对PPP模式认识不清、准备不足,监管不足等原因偏离了最初的目标,不仅未能缓解地方政府的财政压力,甚至成为某些企业的低成本融资平台。针对早期发展的种种问题,92号文才应运而生,并最终在2018年3月31日执行完毕清库程序。

  根据PPP项目库入库标准程序,PPP项目可分为三种类型:1、储备项目库(包括:意向项目库、备选项目库、推介项目库);2、执行项目库。指已列入推介项目库,并完成正式PPP合同签署或已经成立项目公司,进入执行阶段的项目;3、示范项目库。指经财政厅或相关机构从执行项目库中择优选择并适时向社会公开推广的项目。其中储备项目库及执行项目库中尚未正式开工建设的项目由于政府和社会资本方还没有实质性投入,或者还在准备阶段,因此风险较小且可控。清库意图对盲目上马的众多项目进行规范,这次整改的重点可能会是尚未开工建设的,对于已经正常开工建设的项目,若直接叫停,使政府财政和民营资本蒙受损失的可能性并不大。

  相关法规的完善已经提上日程。近日,中国政府网公布《国务院2018年立法工作计划》,将PPP条例列入立法工作计划。尽管短期内政策的频繁出台会让粗放成长的PPP刹住脚步,经历阵痛,但长远来看,法制的完善会让PPP市场发展更健康、更有效率、更可持续。PPP项目资产证券化相关工作也在有序推进,金融机制的完善能够补充PPP的融资渠道。

  二、投资拉动非长久之策,彻底改变经济发展模式的信号更值得引起重视

  尽管PPP清库对新疆PPP发展并无重大影响,但引发热议的原因恐怕没有那么单纯。3月26日,新疆召开全区干部大会,新疆自治区党委书记陈全国在大会上部署了一系列防范化解重大风险的措施,大会上称,要“坚决破除唯GDP论”,彻底扭转“错误落后的发展观念”,坚决打好防范化解重大风险攻坚战。这是自2017年年底的中央经济工作会议、2018年3月的全国两会提出“高质量发展”的目标后,首次有地方官员将过去的发展方式定义为“错误落后的发展观念”。据网媒刊载,新疆发改委官网发布3月28日,新疆发改委召开自治区发展改革委防范政府债务风险专题会议。会议提出,全面清理2017年、2018年两年国家及自治区下达的补助资金项目。对已开工建设且形成政府债务或政府隐性债务的项目,必须在规定期限内偿还化解政府债务或政府隐性债务,否则必须立即停止项目建设。对于目前已开展前期工作的建设项目,凡是资金来源落实不了的,一律不得上报,一律不予受理。对于列入“十三五”规划尚未实施的项目,重新审视,对地方配套资金无法落实的项目要坚决予以调减。3月27日新疆准东经济技术开发区规划建设局发出《关于暂停开发区2016年-2017年政府类项目的通知》文章,该通知决定对2016年、2017年政府投资类所有续建及未开工建设项目一律停止施工,并启动排查梳理工作,对所有在建项目逐一排查建档。资金反应更加直接,1月份21世纪经济报道,某银行目前已全面暂停包括资本金融资和项目贷款在内的所有PPP融资业务,进行全面的风险排查,暂停期或延续至今年3月。四大行中中行对PPP态度明显收紧,建设银行和工商银行对PPP项目并未叫停,但态度转为谨慎。

  尽管目前还未有官方的文件和消息发布,但可以想见,在资金紧张、从源头杜绝新增政府债务的要求之下,未来不合规的、不适合发展PPP模式的、会增加政府隐性负债的等风险较大的项目都将会受到遏制,PPP整体发展速度放缓。遥想去年年初,新疆自治区政府副秘书长、自治区统计局党组书记、局长许斌在2016年新疆国民经济运行情况新闻发布会表示,自治区党委、人民政府确定2017年全区固定资产投资1.5万亿元,增长幅度达50%以上,当下引爆媒体眼球。一年过去,2017年固定资产投资实际完成额仅达1.18亿元,增长率为20.0%,与预期相去甚远。依靠投资拉动的经济发展方式必然不是长久之策,加上新疆地区本身水泥产能长年过剩,未来新疆区域的水泥需求增长可能会进一步放缓,这值得引起企业家、行业专家、投资人等的重视,及时跟踪市场,调整策略,做好前瞻性布局。

 三、2018年:从基建角度看新疆水泥行业

  2017年新疆固定资产投资固定资产投资额为11,795.64亿元,比上年增长20.0%,其中基础设施投资5,313.90亿元,增长42.4%。2017年基础设施投资各项明细数据尚未公布,根据2016年度来看,水利、环境和公共设施管理业投资占比最大,根据以往的水平和媒体相关报道推测交通运输业、水利环境和公共设施管理行业投资总额可能在4100亿元左右。2018年初新疆提出的基础设施投资目标为4500亿元,该计划与2017年实际投资额比较接近,即便全部完成,增速距离2017年的42.4%也有大幅的回落。

  图1: 2016年新疆地区基础设施投资占比情况

  数据来源:新疆统计局,中国水泥网,中国水泥研究院

  另一方面,新疆地区每万元投资水泥产量逐年下滑,2017年受到投资高速增长的拉动,水泥产量有所回升,但水泥产量的增速不及投资的增速。因此尽管投资仍在增长,水泥产量在2013年达到峰值后就再也未能回到当时的水平。2018年投资增速下滑已是大概率事件,此次政府项目停工实际执行力度如何,重点基建项目能否免受影响,还需跟踪观察。乐观的情况下,水泥需求或能与去年保持稳定,若受到政府停工的不利影响,今年全年的水泥需求将会雪上加霜,有下滑的可能性。

 图2: 新疆地区固定资产投资与水泥产量情况

  数据来源:国家统计局,中国水泥网,中国水泥研究院


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按六大区域划分,上市公司在华北、华东以及中南地区水泥营收总体降幅较大。其中,华东和中南地区价格竞争充分,降价风险已基本释放,后续价格存在回升空间,但节奏仍有待观察……

2023-10-30 19:14:58

2023年前三季度,受房地产持续调整等影响,水泥需求疲软,行业低迷运行。一季度下游复工情况尚佳,整体需求好于同期,二、三季度“旺季不旺、淡季更淡”,需求减弱明显,加之市场竞争激烈,水泥价格持续走低。前三季度水泥产量创下近13年来新低,尽管煤价重心有所下移,但水泥行业利润仍出现大幅萎缩。展望四季度,我们认为水泥行业需求可能不及同期,由于需求弱势,加之企业库位较高,价格上涨阻力重重,均价或仍将下降。全年来看,水泥需求将面临较大下行压力,行业效益降幅仍大。

2023-10-24 17:06:00

新疆水泥市场这种较为稳定的格局是否将会被打破呢?有业内人士表示,中亚水泥熟料项目的不断投放或为新疆水泥市场增添不稳定因素。

2023-10-16 09:17:51

三季度,国内高温雨水天气增多,下游施工强度减弱,混凝土市场供需双弱,企业报价普遍下调。整体来看,三季度全国商品混凝土价格指数(CONCPI)环比下跌5.87%……

2023-10-11 09:31:34

终端需求疲态难改; 1.水泥冷暖大佬谈|何坤皇:去产能任重道远 促转型迫在眉睫 2.新疆:预计2023年水泥需求增长5%以上 3.两家水泥企业拟被列入全国工业领域电力需求侧管理典型案例! 4.多项补贴支持广西水泥外销,广东水泥市场再增压力

2023-10-10 13:56:36

近年来,新疆水泥市场一直保持良好的增长态势,尤其是2021年全疆水泥产量增长15.5%。但2022年由于疫情管控、全疆固定资产投资放缓,建筑项目开工不足等不利因素影响,水泥需求下滑严重,水泥价格整体下降。煤炭、原材料、物流成本等整体维持高位运行,在量价齐跌、成本上涨双向压力下,水泥行业利润严重下滑。

2023-10-09 18:45:23

今年新疆地区水泥市场总体需求同比增长,1-8月新疆地区的水泥销量同比增幅14%左右。

2023-09-20 10:39:41

本周五,全国水泥价格指数(CEMPI)报收108.03点,环比下跌1.55%,同比下跌26.06%。

2023-09-02 13:41:35

推动企业绿能核减政策实施,研究推动水泥行业纳入全国碳排放权交易市场。

2023-08-25 11:19:41

2023年上半年度国内砂石价格整体弱势运行。截至6月底,全国碎石价格指数报收85.49点,同比下跌8.37%。全国机制砂价格指数报收90.98点,同比下跌6.72%。一季度砂石价格呈下降趋势,随后砂石价格在短时间内回升,但二季度砂石价格跌幅加大。

2023-08-08 09:07:52

国内雨水天气影响仍较为普遍,局部出现水灾,下游施工受限,混凝土行情继续走弱。本周全国混凝土价格指数报收130.44点,环比下跌0.62%,同比跌幅为8.31%……

2023-08-04 17:19:52

The agreement is effective from January 1, 2025 and lasts for three years until December 31, 2027. According to the agreement, CNBM will provide comprehensive cement kiln co-processing services and related support services to the Company. As CNBM holds a 50% equity interest in Haijian Hong Kong, a subsidiary of the Company, the renewed transaction constitutes a continuing connected transaction of the Company.