工信部:2015年建材工业经济运行情况

2016-02-06 00:56:43

2015年,商品混凝土产量为16.4亿立方米,同比增长2.1%。混凝土与水泥制品、建筑用石开采与加工、砖瓦及建筑砌块、轻质建材等四个行业投资增速远高于全行业,年投资额均超过1000亿元。

  2015年,建材工业面对产能严重过剩、市场需求不旺、下行压力加大的严峻形势,认真落实中央决策部署,努力克服各种困难,行业经济运行趋于下行但总体企稳。

  一、2015年运行特点

  (一)产品产量有升有降。产能严重过剩的水泥、平板玻璃产量分别为23.5亿吨、7.4亿重量箱,同比分别下降4.9%、8.6%,水泥产量是25年来的首次负增长。低耗能低排放的加工产品产量保持正增长,如:商品混凝土16.4亿立方米,同比增长2.1%,钢化玻璃4.6亿平方米,同比增长7.5%。

  (二)主营收入增速大幅下降。规模以上建材企业主营业务收入7.3万亿元,同比增长3.3%,增速同比降低6.8个百分点。其中,水泥制造业8897亿元,同比降低9.4%,平板玻璃596亿元,同比降低14.3%。水泥制品、建筑陶瓷、玻璃纤维分别完成9248亿元、4511亿元、1654亿元,同比分别增长3.2%、2.9%、9.7%。

  (三)经济效益明显下滑。规模以上建材企业实现利润4492亿元,同比降低6.9%。其中,水泥行业利润330亿元,同比下降58%,平板玻璃行业利润12亿元,同比下降12.4%。尽管建材行业中玻璃纤维、隔热材料、卫生陶瓷等行业利润保持较快增长,其中玻璃纤维行业增速高达18%,但仍难填补水泥行业巨大的下降空间。

  (四)产品价格五年最低。“十二五”期间建材产品价格呈抛物线走势,2015年出厂价格总体水平比2014年低3.3%,是五年中最低水平。其中,水泥年平均出厂价格每吨270元,比2014年低29元;平板玻璃年平均出厂价每重量箱63元,比2014年低0.3元。

  (五)投资增速下降但结构优化。建材工业全年完成固定资产投资1.55万亿元,同比增长6%。其中:水泥、平板玻璃行业投资不断下降,但低能耗加工制品业远高于全行业增速,其中混凝土与水泥制品、建筑用石开采与加工、砖瓦及建筑砌块、轻质建材占据前四位,年投资额均超过1000亿元。

  (六)出口结构向好。2015年建材产品出口383亿美元,同比增长6.1%,虽然增速是2008年国际金融危机以来最低的,但从出口产品价格看,建材出口竞争力增强,全年建筑卫生陶瓷出口额达138亿美元,同比增长15.8%;从出口产品种类看,建筑卫生陶瓷、建筑用石、建筑与技术玻璃等3类产品已占出口总额的69%。

  2015年建材工业经济运行之所以能够“降中有升”、“稳中有好”,主要得益于:一是化解过剩产能成效初显。水泥和平板玻璃行业投资增速持续下降,在各子行业中,水泥退居第五位,全年不足1000亿元,平板玻璃位居第十三,有效减缓了效益下滑。二是技术进步明显加快。脱硫、脱硝、除尘等在业内加速推进,水泥窑协同处置城市垃圾和产业废弃物发展势头良好,智能制造、两化融合加快进行,带动行业运营成本下降。三是新兴产业发展提速。精细陶瓷、闪烁晶体、耐高压复合材料等高附加值产品日趋成熟,水泥制品、轻质建材、隔热隔音、技术玻璃等新兴产业持续保持10%以上快速增长。

  二、面临的形势和困难

  建材工业既承担着为国民经济建设、人居条件改善提供建筑及工业材料的重任,自身也处在结构调整、转型升级的关键时期。“十三五”期间,靠投资拉动的建材增长将更加有限,资源能源环境约束将持续强化,倒逼行业加快转变发展方式。当前,影响建材行业经济平稳运行的主要问题有:

  (一)产能过剩矛盾依然突出。以水泥为例,尽管产能增长势头得到明显遏制,但2015年仍有陆续建成的产能释放。产能严重过剩引发市场恶性竞争,产品价格持续走低,企业经济效益大幅下滑,行业亏损面快速增加。

  (二)传统产业需求下降。2016年开年,随着全国固定资产投资增速放缓、房地产投资占比继续降低,传统建材行业消费需求不容乐观,与基础设施建设相关的水泥、砖瓦、砌块等消费都在下降。

  (三)市场竞争秩序失范。一些企业为减少大气污染物排放,通过技术改造采用清洁能源并配套上马脱硝、除尘等环保设施,加大了生产成本。而部分企业并未完善环保设施,导致不公平竞争。此外还有无证生产和假冒伪劣产品流入市场。

  三、重点工作

  2016年是“十三五”开局之年,建材工业必须抓住新机遇,适应新常态,牢固树立创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念,加快供给侧结构性改革,重点开展以下工作:

  (一)大力推进水泥平板玻璃行业“去产能”,遏制下滑势头。坚决贯彻落实中央有关部署,遏制水泥、平板玻璃行业产能盲目扩张。严格执行能耗限额、污染物排放等强制性标准,倒逼竞争乏力产能退出。强化企业社会责任,在北方采暖地区采暖季继续全面推进水泥熟料错峰生产。

  (二)促进绿色建材生产和应用,加快大宗产品升级换代。落实《促进绿色建材生产和应用行动方案》,推进建材生产绿色化、建材消费便利化、建材产品高端化、建材建筑一体化。加快搭建公共服务平台,规范绿色建材评价标识管理,发布绿色建材标识产品。大力发展特种水泥、高端玻璃、新型陶瓷、生物质建材、轻质高强墙材等。

  (三)加快推进供给侧改革,着力“补短板”。坚持需求牵引和创新驱动相结合,强化新产品和短缺产品供给。重点发展玻璃纤维及其复合材料、液晶玻璃基板、精细陶瓷等新材料。推进萤石、石墨、高岭土等非金属矿精深加工,大力发展功能性矿物材料。

  (四)支持企业技术创新,千方百计“降成本”。开展陶瓷生产线脱硝脱硫除尘综合改造。针对建材行业中量大面广、重复操作、危险度高的工段,推进智能制造和机器人替代。支持城市周边水泥企业开展协同处置技术改造。发挥建材装备优势,抓住“一带一路”战略机遇,支持企业“走出去”。

  (五)加强经济运行监测,促进行业健康发展。发挥行业管理部门和行业协会贴近企业、服务行业的优势,密切监测行业运行,及时发现并着力化解重点、热点和难点问题,保护并激发市场主体活力,促进建材工业健康可持续发展。

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Looking forward to the future, we still need to continue our efforts in breaking through the existing clinker system, innovating the design of new low-carbon clinker (new clinker), breaking through the time lag and multi-scale barriers, building a digital system without "gap" in the whole process, maximizing the value of data, and supporting low-carbon in the whole process (time-sharing power consumption, coal consumption, low-carbon ratio, etc.).

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与会代表在交流中相互理解,在互动中共同思考,同舟共济,齐心协力,共同为行业的发展集思广益,献计献策。

2022-08-06 20:52:57

工业和信息化部、国家发展改革委、生态环境部近日联合印发《工业领域碳达峰实施方案》。

2022-08-01 11:58:38

[水泥大数据研究院]水泥产业链指数运行周报(2022.7.22)

2022-07-22 18:09:47

据中国水泥网行情数据中心消息,近日北京地区成交价格仍有下调10-20元/吨,7月以来一些企业累计幅度约达40-50元/吨,天津地区继续小幅跟进下调。山西淡季市场需求持续偏弱,出货量不理想。

2022-07-15 18:28:24

在近日于杭州举办的2022年中国水泥产业峰会上,多位业内人士表示,要坚定信心,全面推进供给侧改革,推动水泥行业高质量发展。

2022-07-13 10:07:49

Recently, due to the persistent cost pressure in the south, the price of concrete has risen slightly with the raw materials, but the growth of market demand is limited, and the overall quotation is still stable. From October 31 to November 6, the national concrete price index closed at 112.47 points, up 0.31% annually and down 10.11% year-on-year.