[原创]2015年全球白水泥行业概况

2015-11-13 11:35:59

2014年全球白水泥销量为1850万吨,预计2020年将达到2300万吨,全球白水泥需求正以4%-5%的速度增长。随着白水泥需求逐年递增,全球经济逐渐复苏以及中产阶级规模不断扩大,特种水泥如白水泥在中长期内将越来越受欢迎。需求的增长将导致市场出现新的竞争者,同时现有的水泥企业也将更加关注白水泥市场以提高利润率。

  白水泥是一种可以替代灰水泥的增值产品,其热反射性能和更美的外观都优于灰水泥。白水泥的生产方式与灰水泥相似,但是石灰石原料中氧化铁和硫酸铁含量要尽可能低。每增加0.1%的氧化铁,将降低2.5%的热反射率,并将产生颜色较暗的水泥。矿化剂和高温可以确保氧化铁缺乏的情况下原料的充分反应,而这需要更多的燃料。此外,白水泥熟料必须迅速冷却,经常用的冷却方法是水冷却,以防微量铁杂志氧化使水泥颜色变深。这些因素使得白水泥生产成本更高。

  炎热气候的国家白水泥的需求量比较高,与标准灰色混凝土相比白色混凝土表面可以反映出更多热量。在发达经济体,白水泥越来越受欢迎,它经常用于创新型建筑和标志性建筑的建设。作为一种增值产品,其出口距离要更远一些,这就意味着产量不受国内需求量的制约。2015年,世界上最大的白水泥生产国是西班牙,白水泥生产线有5条,产能合计172万吨/年。土耳其、伊朗、埃及、阿联酋和印度白水泥产能也超过100万吨/年。

  表1:全球各国白水泥产能情况

  数据来源:2016年全球水泥目录研究

  图1:全球白水泥产能分布图

  注:白水泥产能集中在北非和中东地区,还有一些分布在北美、印度和欧洲。

  白水泥生产企业

  2015年跨国白水泥企业有32个,共有48个水泥厂,分布在28个国家。这些企业的白水泥产能总计有1420万吨/年(见表2)。这个统计数据不包括7个双线企业,这些企业只统计了灰水泥产能或综合水泥产能。该数据也不包括单独粉磨站生产的白水泥产能。

  表2: 全球白水泥生产企业分布及产能情况

  数据来源:2016年全球水泥目录研究

  注:1、哈萨克斯坦的Sastobe白水泥公司(BaselCement)工厂还在新建白水泥产能,建成投产后产能将达到70万吨/年。

  带*的为双线工厂,及生产灰水泥也生产白水泥,在公开资料中只有灰水泥产能,这使得白水泥产能的精确统计遇到困难。这样的生产线包括:位于埃及El Sararya Valley的意大利水泥分公司Helwan水泥的El Minya水泥厂;位于保加利亚Varna的意大利水泥Devnya水泥厂;位于意大利Brescia的意大利水泥Rezzato水泥厂;位于阿尔及利亚Oran的拉豪CIBA水泥厂;位于沙特阿拉伯的沙特白水泥公司的Al Muzahmeyah水泥厂;位于科威特Shuaiba的科威特水泥公司Shuaiba水泥厂;位于科威特Safat的ACICO 水泥的ACICO 工厂。

  1、Cementir Holding(意大利)是2015年一级2014、2013年全球产能最大的白水泥制造企业,公司拥有六个白水泥综合制造工厂,综合产能达326万吨/年。Cementir通过其三个子公司生产白水泥:丹麦的Aalborg波特兰水泥公司、埃及的Sinai水泥公司和美国的Lehigh水泥公司。

  2014年Cementir公司的白水泥销售额同比下降2.7%,销量为188万吨,较2013年减少5万吨;在丹麦的销量同比增长5.4%至56万吨,在埃及的销量同比下降5.6%至53万吨,在中国的销量同比下降6%至60万吨,在马来西亚的销量同比下降5.3%至19万吨。2014年Cementir在埃及的销售收入从2013年的4930万欧元下降至4810万欧元,货币贬值是收入下降的主要原因,较高的售价抵消了销售量的下滑。公司在中国的收入略有下降,销售额从2013年的3970万欧元下滑至2014年的3800万欧元。Cementir表示白水泥价格维持稳定,导致收入下降的主要原因是销量的下降和运营成本的上升。在马来西亚,Cementir的收入从2013年的2940万欧元下降至2014年的2800万欧元,Cementir表示销售价格的上涨抵消了销量的下降,建筑项目的需求市公司水泥产能从20万吨/年扩展至35万吨/年,而这些建筑项目在2014年12月就已经完成。  

  2、Cemex(墨西哥)是2015年白水泥产能第二大企业。公司运营三个白水泥工厂,综合产能达到126万吨/年。其中两个是通过其西班牙子公司Cemex Espana来运营的:位于Valencia的60万吨/年的Bunol白水泥厂和位于Alicante的54万吨/年工厂(该工厂也生产灰水泥)。Cemex同时在墨西哥Hidalgo还有一个12万吨/年产能的工厂--Atotonilco白水泥厂。

  3、JK 水泥有限公司(印度)是2014年第三大白水泥制造企业,拥有两家白水泥制造厂,产能合计120万吨/年。 在公司2014-2015年度财报中公司宣称是全球第二大白水泥企业。截至2014年底公司位于印度拉贾斯坦的Gotan工厂白水泥产能60万吨/年,以及位于阿联酋的白水泥工厂产能60万吨/年。在其2014-2015财年内,JK水泥白水泥和墙灰销量比2010-2011财年增长44.3%至88万吨;同时其白水泥和墙灰销售净额较2010-2011财年增长53.3%至14500万美元。2014-2015财年,JK水泥白水泥产量同比增长3%至48.9万吨,占公司整体销量的28%,而2013-2014财年比例为31%。

  4、Cimsa Cimento (土耳其)公司是, Haci Omer Sabanci Holding的一部分,是2015年全球第四大白水泥制造企业。公司拥有一个白水泥产能110万吨/年的水泥厂,位于Mersin,同时公司白水泥产品出口超过60个国家。最新数据显示2014年一季度 Cimsa Cimento白水泥熟料产量为204106吨,白水泥产量为218375吨。公司2014年一季度财报透露西班牙、德国、法国和意大利是欧洲最重要的白水泥市场。公司与德国的CTN公司CSN水泥销售公司合资(各占50%)成立销售公司在德国及附近国家进行白水泥销售。

  5、LafargeHolcim (瑞士), 2015年法国拉法基和瑞士豪瑞合并之后成为世界第五大白水泥制造企业。合并之前,拉法基有两个白水泥工厂,产能合计70万吨/年,豪瑞有两个白水泥厂,产能合计25万吨/年。不论是拉法基还是豪瑞,都未在其财务报告上明确提出白水泥销量或销售额。

  30. Italcementi (意大利)从白水泥产能规模来看2015年很可能处于全球前五名之内,其位于埃及、意大利和保加利亚的三个白水泥厂尚未投产。2014年11月5日意大利总理Matteo Renzi出席意大利水泥Rezzato厂新生产线投产仪式(图2)。该厂生产的产品包括白水泥,公司对100万吨/年的生产线进行了产量和环保的提升改造,成本为1.71亿美元。意大利水泥CEO Carlo Pesenti表示“新的Rezzato工厂完美体现了集团的战略:行业的发展要结合企业的创新和环保性能。”工厂的技改升级是2009年7月公司与意大利环保部签署的环境公约中的一部分,公约中规定了要意大利水泥要进行环保更新改造投资。

  图2:意大利水泥Rezzato水泥厂,2014年完成升级改造。该100万吨/年生产线生产一系列水泥产品,包括白水泥。目前它也是公司环保改造升级项目的一部分。

  2015年白水泥行业大事件

  2014年是全球白水泥行业动荡不安的一年,企业遭受巨大的压力和生产成本的上涨,与之相比,2015年白水泥行业显得更为乐观。在过去的12个月内,全球白水泥产能通过新建和升级三条水泥生产线得到扩张,第四条新建生产线已经在美国提上日程。

  2015年4月,科威特ACICO水泥投产了一条新的白水泥生产线,以应对日益增长的本地市场需求。ACICO水泥CEO Ahmad Al-Khaled表示新建白水泥生产线是公司成为建筑材料市场领导者的战略举措,“这条新生产线的建设是为了应对本地巨大的市场需求,包括公共项目还是私营项目。”他表示目前公司白水泥占水泥总产量的25%,“政府和私营部门都有白水泥的需求,尤其是政府公共设施建设部门和住建部。”

  突尼斯工业部、矿业和能源部的统计数据显示,2015年上半年白水泥产量同比下降11.1%至222408吨,本地市场销量同比下降6.7%至96551吨。灰水泥上半年销量同比下降1%至470万吨,本地灰水泥销量同比下降6.3%只373万吨,而同期会水泥出口量上涨33.8%至966095吨。

  2015年9月美国水泥公司提出将在德克萨斯Brady投资1.75亿美元建设年产能200-250吨/年的白水泥生产线和采石场,但这一提议受到当地居民的抗议,居民认为这将带来噪声和空气污染。Brady市议会召开特别会议解答当地居民的质疑和对该生产线的担忧。美国水泥公司顾问和董事会成员Mark Muratore出席了会议全程,Brady市长Anthony Groves表示该生产线将为这个城市带来可观的经济收益,但同时它不会令城市环境受到破坏。美国年均白水泥消耗大约为100万吨,其中90%从土耳其、墨西哥、埃及、丹麦和中国进口。这条生产线将为本市带来200-250个就业机会,生产线用天然气做燃料。

  2015年10月,Ghadir投资公司旗下的Shargh白水泥公司的33万吨/年产能的白水泥生产线开建,公司称,这是伊朗最大的白水泥工厂(图3)。生产线位于Mashhad,引进丹麦FlSmidth的技术。Shargh白水泥公司出口白水泥至沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋、伊拉克、卡塔尔、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度、俄罗斯、独联体国家和澳大利亚,同时还有国内销售。公司白水泥销售有散装、袋装和大袋装的形式。

  图3:Shargh白水泥公司新建33万吨/年的生产线2015年10月投产

  未来发展趋势

  据JK水泥公司透露,全球白水泥需求正以4%-5%的速度增长,这与中产阶级的扩张速度相近,尽管全球经济仍面临挑战,但中产阶级的拥有更强大的购买能力。2014年全球白水泥销量为1850万吨,预计2020年将达到2300万吨。JK水泥公司表示白水泥市场又中国主宰,中国白水泥消耗量占全球26%,公司计划2015-2016年增加白水泥产量4%-5%。

  尽管2015年Cementir公司整体收入较低,但由于白水泥和白水泥熟料出口量增加,尤其是销往澳大利亚的销量增加,公司马拉西亚业务收入同比增长16.3%。总的来说,Cementir希望未来白水泥销量继续增长。

  随着白水泥需求逐年递增,全球经济逐渐复苏以及中产阶级规模不断扩大,特种水泥如白水泥在中长期内将越来越受欢迎。需求的增长将导致市场出现新的竞争者,同时现有的水泥企业也将更加关注白水泥市场以提高利润率。

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Correlation

This article is selected from Song Zhiping's book "Reform Heart Road", which describes his motivation and effect of restructuring cement in those years, and has been published by China Cement Network. Recently, there has been a call for restructuring and mergers and acquisitions in the cement industry. Reviewing this old article may have the effect of reviewing the old and learning the new, encouraging the industry to promote a new round of restructuring, and solving the persistent problems of the industry.

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China's building materials industry has developed into a complete industrial system with complete categories, basic supporting products and facing both domestic and international markets. The total output value of the whole industry has exceeded 6 trillion yuan, forming a number of leading enterprises in the industry led by China Building Materials Group, and building an international network covering the whole world with superior products, technologies and projects such as cement and glass. It has fulfilled the industry responsibility of "the cornerstone of a big country".

2024-03-05 16:54:10

Chengdu Institute of Building Materials and EPCC Company of Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia formally signed a general contract for EPCC clinker project with a daily output of 10000 tons and supporting cement production line with an annual output of 1.6 million tons in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, where its headquarters is located.

2024-03-04 17:37:10

Anhui Conch Group has successfully incubated Haibo Intelligence and other companies through the development of new industries and the construction of "one base and five industries" model. It has launched a driverless system with independent intellectual property rights, which has been applied in many mining scenarios, and plans to accelerate the transformation of digital intelligence and build a world-class enterprise.

2024-03-04 10:16:20

Ignatius, Director-General of the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Textile Industries, Ministry of Industry Warsito explained that there is overcapacity in the cement industry in almost all regions except Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Papua Maluku. "The largest percentage of overcapacity is in Java, at more than 55.4%," Warsito added.

2024-03-02 18:16:25

After the Lantern Festival, the demand for cement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has improved, the overall price is stable, and the market is gradually recovering.

2024-03-01 17:02:13

Promoting green and low-carbon development is not only an inevitable choice for the cement industry to respond to the challenges of global climate change and implement the sustainable development strategy, but also an inherent demand for the transformation and upgrading of the industry and the realization of high-quality development.

2024-03-01 15:38:02

Today (March 1), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other seven departments issued China's first Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Green Development of Manufacturing Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions). It is suggested that by 2030, the output value of green factories will account for more than 40% of the total output value of manufacturing industry, and green development will become a solid foundation for promoting new industrialization.

2024-03-01 11:49:22

By 2030, the green low-carbon transformation of manufacturing industry has achieved remarkable results, the overall level of green development of traditional industries has risen, the industrial structure and layout have been significantly optimized, the proportion of green low-carbon energy utilization has been significantly increased, the level of comprehensive utilization of resources has been steadily improved, the intensity of pollutants and carbon emissions has been significantly reduced, the total amount of carbon emissions has reached a peak, and the green growth of emerging industries has been achieved. The scale and quality have been further improved, the proportion of green low-carbon industries has been significantly increased, new forms of green integration have emerged, the basic capacity of green development has been greatly improved, the competitiveness of green low-carbon has been further enhanced, and green development has become a solid foundation for promoting new industrialization.

2024-03-01 11:48:58

In order to achieve the international development goal of "rebuilding a Chinese building material overseas" in 10 years, we will write a new chapter of high-quality development belonging to South African companies.

2024-03-01 10:55:13

On January 29, 2024, FLSmidth, a full-process technology and service provider for the global mining and cement industry, announced that it was considering splitting the mining and cement business with the goal of maximizing the full potential of the cement business. And further strengthen the mining business's market leading position as a full-process technology and service provider for the global mining industry.

2024-03-01 09:59:33

As one of the main sources of global carbon emissions, cement industry will undoubtedly have a far-reaching impact on the industry once it is included in the carbon emissions trading market.

2024-02-28 10:48:46

Sinoma International (600970) released a record of investor relations activities on February 26, and the company was surveyed by seven institutions on February 23, 2024, including insurance companies, fund companies and securities companies.

2024-02-27 13:39:27

In principle, the salary range of the president/vice president of the research Institute is between 500000 and 2 million yuan, and the salary range of high-level talents is between 300000 and 1 million yuan.

2024-02-26 13:45:31

据中国水泥网行情数据中心消息,中南地区广东珠三角市场水泥价格计划止跌回涨,广西个别市场价格出现第二轮下滑。中秋节期间,两湖地区涨价范围已陆续扩展至全省,推涨幅度30元/吨左右。自10日起,河南地区一些主要厂家推动上调水泥价格30元/吨,然而实际落实情况不太理想,部分企业并未执行到位,报价依旧保持在涨前水平。