[原创]领跑到垫底再到巅峰,福建水泥价格为何“冰火两重天”?

2019-12-08 17:23:59

在供给、需求都未出现较大改变,区域内环保、错峰等因素影响较小的背景下,福建省下半年以来水泥价格累计上调幅度近200元/吨似有“名不符实”之嫌。

  据中国水泥网报道,为提升盈利,福建地区主要厂家计划12月4日-5日再次通知上调各品种水泥价格30元/吨,目前龙岩、三明已有部分厂家发布调整通知。若此番落实到位,福州地区大厂P.O42.5散装主流出厂/出库价格达到550-570元/吨。整体来看,下半年以来福建地区水泥价格累计上调幅度近200元/吨。

  有意思的是,早在今年7月份中国水泥网记者就深入福建当地调研区域行情,在《从领跑华东到七大省会城市垫底 福州水泥价格怎么了?》一文中写到,2019年一季度后,已持续两年强劲上涨势头的华东水泥价格并没有如期启动。区域内除福建外的六省市水泥价格连续多月保持小幅波动,趋稳的态势越来越明显。而福建水泥价格则未能与其余省份保持同步,特别是省会福州,不仅从领跑华东各省会的C位滑落,更跌落至末位。

  华东七省会城市(含上海)2019年和2018年P.O42.5散装水泥价格对比图(单位:元/吨)

  从领跑到垫底,然后短短数月时间价格又迎来高速增长,重回市场巅峰。福建地区水泥行业这半年究竟发生了什么?影响水泥价格的供给、需求两大主要因素是否产生了巨变?

  供给:动态平衡

  据中国水泥网数据显示,2018年福建熟料产量5191.74万吨,熟料产能5285.5万吨,产能利用率达98.2%,区域内前六强水泥熟料产能占比为63.94%。

  随着2017年底产能置换新规的出台,异地产能置换得以认可,福建新建水泥生产线的速度也在加快。譬如今年4月23日,永安金牛水泥年产200万吨熟料生产线项目完成调试并投入生产。另外,福建即将投产的在建新线还包括福建安砂建福水泥有限公司(二期)一条4500t/d生产线、永安金牛水泥有限公司(二线)一条4500t/d生产线、福建水泥股份有限公司顺昌炼石水泥一条4500t/d生产线、福建春驰集团新丰水泥有限公司一条5500t/d生产线。上述所有水泥熟料生产线总产能达789万吨

  需要注意的是,福建地处中国东南部,东北与浙江省毗邻,西北横贯武夷山脉与江西省交界,西南与广东省邻接,并连接长江三角洲和珠江三角洲,水陆空交通都极为便利。有当地业内人士指出,随着沿海中转库的建设,省外向福建销售水泥总量每年保持在1500万吨上下,顶峰时期达到2000万吨左右。

  此外,中国水泥网报道,今年6月福建省水泥企业自律委员会开会讨论了2019年夏季错峰生产安排,计划从7月至8月期间执行夏季错峰,每条熟料生产线至少停窑15天。在当前部分省市错峰停产少则数月,多则半年的背景下,即使福建该项夏季错峰停产计划已经全部落实完毕,对生产端的影响并不会太大。

  综上所述,伴随着新建产能的释放,以及周边省份外来水泥的大量流入,加之错峰停产、环保限产因素影响较小,福建区域水泥企业的生产供给总体处在一个动态平衡的阶段,供需矛盾与河南等地相比并不严重。

  需求:稳中趋缓

  据福建省统计局资料显示,上半年,福建省固定资产投资同比增长7.0%。房地产开发投资同比增长17.5%,增幅比上年同期提高15.9个百分点。房地产开发企业土地购置面积303.6万平方米,同比下降40.3%。而1-10月,福建省固定资产投资比上年同期增长6.5%,基础设施投资同比下降7.4%,房地产开发投资同比增长16.1%。

  上述数据表明,下半年以来福建固定资产投资、房地产投资增速有所放缓,以此拉动水泥需求的动力下行。

  另外,2013年11月开建的福平铁路,2017年9月开工的福厦高铁,福建段于2015年9月开工的衢宁铁路,全线于2018年3月开工的浦梅铁路,福建段于2017年3月开工的兴泉铁路等重大铁路项目均已推进至中后期阶段,对水泥需求的拉动作用较为平稳。尽管福建近期、中长期铁路规划项目数量不少,但正式开工暂无时间表。

  综上,下半年以来,虽然省内部分区域处于大发展,大建设的阶段,水泥需求良好,但福建全省水泥需求总体呈现稳中趋缓的局面。

  众所周知,价格是由供给与需求之间的互相影响、平衡产生的。水泥价格的飞快上涨无外乎供给短时间内受限、需求爆炸式增长两方面因素。譬如河南地区10 月中下旬以来,受重污染天气管控,各地市要求水泥窑和水泥磨全部禁止运行,致使水泥库存严重不足;加之10月是传统销售旺季,水泥需求集中爆发,多方因素共同作用导致河南地区在不到一个月时间里涨价函频发,水泥价格疯涨。

  但在供给、需求都未出现较大改变,区域内环保、错峰等因素影响较小的背景下,福建省下半年以来水泥价格累计上调幅度近200元/吨似有“名不符实”之嫌。

  当然,随着超低排放的推进,花园工厂、绿色矿山逐步成为标配,还有企业员工福利的提升,机械设备的检修等因素导致水泥企业的生产成本不断攀升,水泥企业也会通过适当的涨价来转移成本。但这样的价格上涨并非是全域性、快速性的。

  所以,福建省下半年水泥价格为啥能涨200元/吨呢?

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Correlation

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