[原创]2017国际市场半年报 区域公司好于跨国巨头

2017-08-04 09:09:56

2017年上半年已经过去,各国际区域水泥公司纷纷公布了其半年报,上半年这些公司水泥销量情况如何?销售额如何?本文从半年报出发,点评分析了各大公司上半年的业绩表现。

  随着各大国际水泥巨头披露2017年上半年半年报,我们看到水泥生产商们上半年水泥销售量都出现了不同程度的下降。2017年上半年,各大巨头都处于一种缓慢增长的境地。更少的工作时间,恶劣的天气表现成了糟糕业绩的“替罪羊”。

  图1:各大水泥公司2017年上半年水泥销量(百万吨)

  数据来源:公司年报,Globalcement

  的确,如果去除剥离的资产,以可比的基础来计算,拉法基豪瑞实现了0.4%的同期增长,但是这完全没有达到股东所期待的动态增长。与此同时,海德堡水泥也面临着同样的问题,在收购意大利水泥后,如果以两个公司2016年的销售情况合并报表来计算同比,海德堡的水泥销量同比下滑了1%。这里的主要问题还是出在美国和印度尼西亚,这两个市场的销量都出现了下滑。虽然目前美国的建筑市场似乎非常有前景,开始逐步复苏,西麦斯也因为在美国市场的折戟,造成其今年上半年的销量下滑2个百分点至3390万吨。西麦斯解释道,因去年在美国市场的业绩太好造成今年同比出现下滑,此外,恶劣的天气也是销量下滑重要原因之一。

  区域巨头的表现略好于跨国巨头。印度的UltraTech水泥报告其上半年水泥销量持平,非洲南撒哈拉地区的丹格特(Dangote)水泥则出现部分下滑。UltraTech没有对今年的业绩表现给出任何的解释,但是我们认为其上半年的关注点更多的是在收购Jaiprakash Associates的水泥资产,此外,印度去年推行的“废钞”运动也影响到了其水泥销售。收购Jaiprakash Associates的水泥资产使得UltraTech的水泥产能从之前的6630万吨/年增长了40%,达到了9140万吨/年。投资者们非常乐于见到提高新工厂的水泥产能利用率。

  相对于保持平缓的UltraTech,非洲的丹格特,在其大本营尼日利亚则因为经济形式不佳而销量受到打击,目前来说尼日利亚仍然是其主要水泥生产地。在尼日利亚,丹格特2016年上半年销售了877万吨水泥,而2017年上半年下滑了21.8%至686万吨,这也导致其总体销售量下滑了11.3%至1150万吨。虽然销量出现下滑,但是其销售收入则出现了大幅度的上涨,上涨了41.2%至11.3亿美元,丹格特解释为企业提高了生产效率,更加高效的利用混合燃料,降低了企业的生产成本。考虑到丹格特在2016年面临的压力,这个反转让人印象深刻。最近的消息显示,公司向土耳其投资者出售了2.3%的股份,这进一步增长了人们对这家公司的印象。

  图2:各大水泥公司2017年上半年水泥销售额(十亿美元)

  数据来源:公司年报,Globalcement

  如果我们回到销售收入上来看,对于大部分水泥企业生产者来说似乎心情会轻松些。从直观上看,虽然拉法基和西麦斯销售收入出现了下滑,但是在剔除了不可比因素后,实际上这两家公司还是增长的,例如拉法基豪瑞在剔除不可比因素后,同期销售收入是增长了4.4%。倒是海德堡水泥的表现更让人担忧,虽然直观上看同期海德堡水泥的销售收入出现了大幅度增长,但是这是建立在合并的基础上的,如将去年的意大利水泥和海德堡水泥并表计算,同期海德堡和意大利水泥的销售收入是下降的。理论上来说,一家企业扩张了其地理范围,拥有了更多新的生产单元,其销售至少能保持低速增长,但如果没有增长,这意味着这两家企业的合并的协同并不是很好,海德堡和意大利水泥的合并可能会比豪瑞和拉法基的合并更为艰难。

  总的来看,作为大型的跨国水泥生产商,到目前为止似乎还没有哪一家有着较好的增长。水泥销售量在下滑,收入在直观上看也是下滑。虽然拿跨国巨头和区域企业进行比较并不是一个很好的比较方式,但是我们的确看到较小的区域生产者,例如UltraTech和丹格特水泥,正在很好地利用其地理区位来发展水泥事业。接下来几周内,巴西的水泥生产商沃特兰亭(Votorantim),InterCement,Buzzi Unicem,爱尔兰的CRH集团也都将进一步公布其半年报,我们拭目以待看看他们是否也有着同样的趋势。

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Adani is also a big man in the Indian cement industry and is the second largest cement producer in India. He entered the industry in 2022 with the acquisition of Holcim's cement business in India, which acquired about 70 million tons of cement per year for $10.5 billion. Adani plans to expand its annual cement production capacity to 140 million tons by 2028. Adani has previously invested $1.6 billion to acquire Sanchi Cement and Penna Cement, and is expected to acquire an additional 21 million tons of production capacity.