未来水泥等重点行业会被逐渐纳入全国碳市场

2021-05-21 10:22:07

李菁预计,未来中国碳市场将实现从单一行业到多行业转变,除了电力外的其他重点行业包括钢铁、水泥、石化、化工、有色、航空、造纸等也会被逐渐纳入全国碳市场。

今年全国两会碳中和、碳达峰被首次写入政府工作报告,并逐步成为市场热点话题。近日香港大学SPACE中国商业学院在上海举办的“碳中和市场展望”活动上,与会嘉宾表示,为助力企业尽早达成碳中和、碳达峰目标,今年我国境内碳排放限额交易市场将正式推出。考虑到境外碳交易的主要贡献者为碳排放相关衍生品,市场也非常期待境内相关衍生品的上市。

一直以来,世界各国以全球协约的方式减排温室气体,在此背景下我国提出了碳中和、碳达峰的目标。碳中和是指企业或者个人在一定时间内产生的二氧化碳气体,能够通过节能减排或者植树等方式进行抵消,也就是说企业和个人实现了二氧化碳零排放,进而达到碳中和的目标。

据安永大中华区金融服务气候变化与可持续发展合伙人、安永亚太区金融服务可持续发展主管李菁介绍,我国温室气体排放主要来自能源、工业、交通、建筑、农业和土地利用五大部门,其中能源和工业部门占比最大,合计贡献了超过80%的碳排放。因此,我国的脱碳操作将从以上部门开始,在带动能源结构转型的同时节能减排,降低70%左右的温室气体排放。但是仅仅依靠行政指令,企业很难有动力去采取行动,毕竟全球变暖与企业之间并不存在明显的利益关系,加之节能减排意味着会给企业带来额外的成本支出,企业主动降低碳排放的激励不足。在这样的情况下,节能减排推进缓慢。

为了提高企业参与的积极性,在参考了境外的先进经验后,2010年前后我国启动了碳排放交易计划,2017年正式启动了全国碳排放交易体系建设,主要是通过市场机制“奖优淘劣”的方式来调节碳排放,将高排放企业纳入交易体系,并为其设定一个排放限额。如果企业碳排放低于限额,节约出来的额度成为碳资产,可以在交易系统中进行售卖,以获取收益。

上海环境能源交易所战略与研发中心业务主管常征告诉记者,总的来说,在买碳有成本、卖碳有收益及投资有回报的情况下,相关企业不仅将获得动力主动节能减排,还将主动淘汰落后产能,推动低碳技术创新,带动绿色金融发展。

据常征介绍,目前我国境内共有7+2个碳交易试点,总体覆盖钢铁、电力、水泥等20多个行业,近3000家企业,覆盖排放总量约14亿吨/年。各地方试点在法规、覆盖范围、碳排放数据管理、配额分配方法、履约管理方面均有各自体系。

据了解,全国性碳排放交易市场今年6月底将上线运营,目前首批2000余家电力企业已完成全国碳排放注册登记系统登记开户。李菁预计,未来中国碳市场将实现从单一行业到多行业转变,除了电力外的其他重点行业包括钢铁、水泥、石化、化工、有色、航空、造纸等也会被逐渐纳入全国碳市场。

“至于碳金融市场,虽然多年来北京、上海、湖北、广东等试点积极探索发展,并开发包括配额回购、配额质押、配额远期、碳基金、碳信托、碳债券等十余类产品,但目前仍处于零星试点状态。毕竟区域发展不均衡,缺乏系统完善的碳金融市场,不能满足企业的碳资产管理需求。”常征表示,总体来看,当前的碳市场金融属性尚未完全体现,未来仍有较大发展空间。

考虑到境外市场碳排放现货交易仅占全市场总交易量的5%左右,剩余95%的交易量由相关衍生品市场提供,李菁表示,随着境内碳排放现货市场的正式上线,境内外投资者也十分期待相关衍生品市场的推出。

作为碳排放大户的水泥行业,如何进一步深挖降碳潜力?水泥企业可从哪些渠道着手进行减碳工作?为此,中国水泥网将于2021年6月29-30日,在河北石家庄召开“2021中国水泥行业超洁净排放技术交流大会”,探讨超低排放和碳减排领域,更经济高效实施方案,分享最先进技术理念,助力行业“十四五”绿色高质量发展。

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