[原创]“世界屋脊”水泥产业的并购机遇

2015-06-24 09:04:20

素有“世界屋脊”之称的西藏区域内的水泥产业鲜有关注,但近年来随着藏区经济的快速发展,当地水泥市场需求飞速增长,较高的盈利水平,迎来众多投资者关注。在地区水泥产业升级过程中,对于有并购计划的大型水泥企业来说,当地纷繁复杂的产权关系中蕴藏了较大的并购机遇。

  西藏是中国西南边陲的重要门户,北邻新疆,东连四川,东北紧靠青海,东南连接云南,南与缅甸、印度、不丹、尼泊尔等国家毗邻,西与克什米尔地区接壤。全区面积120.22万平方公里,约占全国总面积的1/8,仅次于新疆。平均海拔在4000米以上,素有“世界屋脊”之称。

一、地区经济发展动力不减,水泥需求保持旺盛

  在“十二五”期间的前4年,即2011-2014年,西藏经济建设取得重大进步,经济总量不断扩大,2014年全区生产总值已达到920.83亿元,2015年将顺利突破1000亿元大关,增长速度远高于同期全国平均水平,连续保持两位数的增长速度,年均增长11.85%。居民收入与经济发展同步提高,2014年全区人均GDP已接近30000元/人。西藏实施“一产上水平、二产抓重点、三产大发展”的经济发展战略、加快转变经济发展方式为主线,保持西藏经济跨越式发展良好态势。未来几年西藏将全力保障GDP增速将继续在10%以上,必要的经济发展速度才能使全区各项工作持续有效的推进,实现至2020年全面小康的目标。

  近年来,西藏全社会固定资产投资大幅度增长,年均增长约25%,未来几年投资虽有适当减缓,但依然有望能维持在20%左右的高位。西藏继续发挥投资对跨越式发展支撑强劲,尤其基础设施建设投资保持高位增长,基建投资占固定投资的比重在40%-50%,加快建设与地区经济发展相适应的交通、能源、水利和通信等基础设施体系。

  由于受到历史、地理、经济发展水平等因素的制约,西藏的城镇化水平较低。2014年西藏城镇化率仅为25.75%,低于全国平均水平29个百分点。以区内城镇化发展较好的林芝地区为例,城镇化率也只有33%左右。全区已构建“一圈三带两点一线”的城镇化发展布局,计划至2020年西藏常住人口城镇化率将达30%以上。在推进城镇化过程中,全区从强化综合交通网络和城镇公共交通、加强城镇公用设施建设、提高城镇能源供应保障水平和完善城镇化资金保障来提升城镇综合承载能力。这将有力提升作为基础建材的水泥消费需求。

  在区域经济发展方面,西藏的中、东、西部三大经济区迅速崛起。中部经济区要包括以拉萨、日喀则、山南、林芝为主的藏中南地区和青藏铁路沿线的那曲地区中部和东部区域,为三大经济区中的核心经济区,以拉萨为中心的4小时经济圈正在形成;东部经济区以昌都地区为主,培育以能源开发、商贸流通、旅游资源为主的藏东经济区新的增长点;西部经济区以阿里地区、日喀则的西部区域和那曲西部区域为主,发挥沿边区位优势,加快边境口岸开放和建设。此外,扩大与周边地区互通,依托藏青工业园,推动西藏北上发展,融入丝绸之路经济带;依托南亚陆路贸易大通道,积极参与孟中印缅经济走廊;进一步加强与四川、重庆经济贸易文化联系,融入成渝经济圈;发挥对口支援优势,通过高端嫁接的方式融入东部沿海发达经济区。

  西藏在国家丝绸之路经济带、孟中印缅经济走廊等一系列重大战略布局下,把握实施区域发展战略的重大历史机遇,地区经济内生能力持续增强,将地区资源优势转化为经济优势,迸发出巨大的经济发展潜力。在此过程中,水泥作为地区经济建设重要的基础原材料,也产生极大的需求空间。

二、水泥产业依然健康稳定有序发展

  根据西藏自治区实际情况,在积极淘汰“水泥立窑生产线”等落后产能的同时,又要按照国家产业政策和西藏自治区建设需求,科学布局建设新型干法水泥生产线。通过采用新技术、新工艺节能降耗减排,减少对环境的污染,推动绿色可持续发展。

  根据《西藏自治区“十二五”时期建材业发展规划》,西藏自治区拟在拉萨、日喀则、昌都等地布局新建5条新型干法水泥熟料生产线,共计300万吨产能,并逐步淘汰133万吨落后产能,2013年已淘汰日喀则雪莲工贸年产20.4万吨的立窑。目前已有昌都高争建材、日喀则高新雪莲的2条2000t/d生产线已建成投产,其余3条生产线均在进行前期工作。待新线全部建成、落后产能将全部淘汰后,届时全区水泥产能将达到510万吨,基本满足全区经济和社会发展对水泥产品的需求。

  近年来随着交通、能源等基础设施条件的不断改善,西藏自治区特色优势产业发展不断加快,园区经济方兴未艾,工业经济开始呈现出集中集聚发展的良好势头,地区经济的快速发展也加大的对水泥等基础建材的需求,当地水泥产量呈现快速的增长,但尚不能满足当地需求。由于地区水泥市场供求关系相对偏紧,价格持续高位,P.O42.5散装水泥出厂价在600元/吨以上,甘肃、青海、四川、新疆等地的水泥陆续涌入。

  面对良好的市场状况,自治区政府也要求各地坚决抑制盲目投资、重复建设,避免重蹈陷入产能过剩的覆辙。统筹做好防止产能过剩和淘汰落后产能工作,建立长效的防控和监管机制,自治区政府要求各地、各部门不得以任何名义、任何方式擅自核准、备案产能过剩行业项目。凡未开工项目,一律不得擅自开工建设;凡已开工违规项目,一律暂停建设。

  从西藏地区2009至2014年的水泥、熟料产量来看,2014年西藏水泥产量已突破300万吨,跃升至342.25万吨,同比增长15.7%,五年复合增长率为12.77%,熟料产量也达到263.50万吨,同比增长16.71%,五年复合增长率亦超过10%。近年来西藏地区水泥产量高达10%以上的增速,预示着地区水泥需求旺盛,为全国仅存的市场高地。未来在地区需求增长动力不减,当地水泥产能有序发展之下,西藏水泥市场前景光明。

图1:西藏2009-2014年水泥、熟料产量增长情况


数据来源:国家统计局,中国水泥研究院[Page]

三、藏中竞争激烈,藏东迎机遇
  目前,西藏共有9家水泥生产企业,15条生产线,水泥设计总产能449万吨,已形成拉萨、山南、日喀则、昌都四地(市)为主的水泥工业格局。在2015年1月昌都高争建材和3月日喀则高新雪莲两条2000t/d新型干法线投产后,新型干法水泥年产能由原先4条合计210万吨增至6条合计330万吨,占全区总设计产能的73.5%,分别被高争建材、华新水泥所拥有。区域内仍有近120万吨的立窑落后产能,在拉萨、昌都等待新线全部建成后,落后产能将全部淘汰。

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Correlation

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Etuoke Banner Yongheng Cement Co., Ltd. was established on July 29, 2009, with its registered address located in the south of Jinghua Oxygen Plant, Qipanjing Industrial Park, Qipanjing Town, Etuoke Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and its legal representative is Wu Yongping. Its business scope includes licensed business items: production and sales of cement. General business items: sales of coal gangue, fly ash, clinker, limestone, granulated slag and gypsum.