[原创]马来西亚:未来水泥行业前景不明朗

2015-06-03 14:50:10

马来西亚水泥市场2015年预计是健康运行的,但是如果企业持续面临激烈的价格竞争、产能过剩、煤炭价格上涨和其他税收方面的风险,它们能否维持长期的利润增长值得商榷。

  水泥行业主要依赖于建筑业。因而当马来西亚政府在2015年第二季度公布“第十一个马来西亚计划”(该计划包含大型重点项目,如地铁2号线,轻轨3号线,独立遗产大厦和双溪伯西乌鲁-巴生高架快速路)后,水泥行业将收益。

  然而,现在担心的是弱势的马币和低石油价格,以及它们对政府发展费用支出的影响。此外,由于抵押贷款紧缩的财政政策和对建筑材料如水泥征收6%的产品和服务税,房地产市场预计保持温和发展。

  虽然水泥行业是一个强周期行业,然而一位业内人士表示,水泥行业参与者之间是一场销量的较量。

  “如果没有销量,你无法进入行业,并且随后你无法轻易脱身”。

  他表示,“‘第十一个马来西亚计划’”持续的基础设施投资将给建筑业一个良好的前景,然而问题是这些项目落实下来的时间有多长。”。同时他补充,行业的其他风险包含能源(尤其煤炭和电力)价格上涨以及企业间激烈的竞争。

  考虑到这个,他进一步认为行业的前景将有弹性。

  石油价格的下滑可能是水泥行业的一个阻尼器,资本支出可能会减少。

  他指出,政府收入下滑可能通过取消补贴来抵消一部分。随着建筑材料(如钢铁)价格的下降以及产能过剩压力下水泥企业积极稳价,建筑企业在商品及服务税前已经锁定了较低的建材成本。

  去年第二季度,多数国内排名前列的水泥企业提高了他们的价格,幅度在7%~9%,由Holcim (M) Sdn Bhd带头,Lafarge Malaysia Bhd、Tasek Corp Bhd和Hume Cement Sdn Bhd紧随其后。回顾行业可以看到,很多企业对他们的价格和扩张计划相当保守。

  水泥与混凝土协会会长Grace Okuda表示,今年由于政府持续的基建项目,水泥行业总体上还是乐观的。“我们的分析显示,行业拥有充足的产能来满足额外的水泥需求”。

  “然而,我们对2016及之后的预期不确定,但是如果项目按照计划执行,水泥的需求将继续保持增长”,Okuda表示。不过他不愿就定价和商品服务税对行业的整体影响发表评论。

  对于去年二季度水泥企业在充满挑战和竞争的背景下提高价格,很多企业还增加了它们的产能,业内人士表示,这将导致供大于求的局面。

  去年8月9日《StarBizWeek》杂志的报告显示,拉法基的水泥产能是1295万吨,YTL水泥以595万吨紧随其后,CIMA是340万吨,Tasek Corp的产能是230万吨,Hume Cemnet和Holcim Malaysia的产能则分别为200万吨。

  马来西亚银行投行部的最新报告显示,受去年CIMA新产能及今年二季度即将投产的YTL产能的影响,马拉西亚水泥平均销售价格竞争激烈。

  Research house预计今年水泥行业增长5%左右,2014年在8%~9%。

  据传,Lafarge Malaysia的水泥厂扩张正在继续,今年底拉法基集团产能将增加5%。Lafarge Malaysia是边佳兰(Pengerang) 地区Rapid(炼油和石化产品集成开发计划)和其他马来西亚石油公司相关项目的混凝土独家供应商,五年项目价值超过2.54亿马币。

  马来西亚银行投行部表示,如果拉法基2014年的盈利部分地受到生产问题的影响,这些问题导致低的销量和高的维修/维护成本,那么今年由于生产恢复,预计它的盈利将改善。

  “我们调低2015财年预期每股收益11%,这主要是基于市场份额下降1%至38%的假设(考虑来自YTL的新产能)”,它们表示。此外它对2016年2017财年的每股收益预期并没有改变。

  然而,Research house依然预期拉法基和豪瑞的合并将在今年的六月完成,它们表示马来西亚的合并将在后续展开,可直接提高5%的盈利。扩大后的集团能长期从柔佛州强大的销售网络获利,它们维持Lafarge Malaysia持有评级和原有的9.3马币的目标价。

  此外,MIDF Research维持Lafarge Malaysia“中性”评级,指出Lafarge Malaysia水泥2014年的盈利低于它们及市场的预期。

  拉法基的EBITDA利润率和扣除税、摊销、少数股东权益后利润率分别缩小到18.4%和9.3%。

  除了激烈的竞争,拉法基去年第四季度业绩下滑主要是由于电费、燃料和工厂维护成本上涨导致营运成本增加,

  它们相信,马来西亚产能过剩将继续存在(目前总产能2980万吨)从而影响水泥的平均销售价格和拉法基的盈利水平。

  此外,虽然Tasek Corp公司2014财年收入增长13.7%至6.56亿马币,归属股东的利润增长11.9%至1.05亿马币,但是它在年度报告中表示,对今年的前景保持谨慎乐观。去,高销售年公司每股收益从77.29毛上升至86.46毛,它将其归功于本国上半年强劲的需求,高销售收入和良好的定价。然而,2014年下半年,尽管净收益增长,但由于激烈的价格竞争,利润同比2013年更低。

  总体而言,国内水泥市场今年预计是健康运行的,但是如果企业持续面临激烈的价格竞争、产能过剩、煤炭价格上涨和其他税收方面的风险,他们能否维持长期的利润增长值得商榷。

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