[原创]从价格战到综合实力 水泥行业迎来新一轮洗牌

2020-01-09 09:41:02

过去价格战的实力并不会对企业的存续造成致命性打击,但是未来的竞争或将引起新一轮行业洗牌。

     “水泥行业的竞争终将由简单的价格战转向全面综合实力的比拼。”有行业分析师近日断言。

  短短三年,水泥行业迅速摆脱阴霾,不断刷新着行业效益新高度。这其中既有供给侧改革深化带来的宏观经济的改善,也有错峰生产常态化以及环保限产带来的供需关系的改变,更有市场竞合关系潜移默化的影响。在这些因素的作用下,水泥行业跑出了一条不同于其他传统制造业的快车道。

  曾几何时,正如多数传统资源型产业一样,水泥行业经过百余年的发展,产业生态非常成熟和健全,企业间的竞争更多在于产品端的价格比拼。不少时候和地区,企业间为了扩展和争夺市场,可供选择的战术手法并不丰富。无论是2015年华润水泥在广东市场推出的“N-1”策略,还是海螺进入新市场依靠低成本降价的惯例,终究是价格手段。

  随着水泥价格保持高位稳定的趋势愈加明显,行业利润大概率将无法维持过去几年的增长率,但孕育中的行业新常态则逐步形成。行业新常态下价格战虽然依然是企业竞争的手段之一,但是其重要性逐步让位其他方面,更可以认为未来水泥企业之间的竞争向全面综合实力比拼的转变。

  绿色矿山、超低排放、智能化、产业链和企业间的竞合关系等等都将是综合实力比拼中不可或缺的一环,虽然每单个环节的落后并不会影响企业的效益水平,但综合水平则关系到企业的生死存亡。

  矿山治理一直以来是水泥企业在建设和发展中最主要的短板之一。由于政策和观念等种种原因,水泥企业在矿山开采中多为粗放式,并无边开采边恢复的可持续发展理念,常常造成资源未得到充分利用,尾矿问题日趋严重。随着政策的收紧和对于高质量生态环境要求的急迫,矿山治理这份“旧账”已到了不得不重视的地步。不少地方制定颇为严厉的政策,对于不能建设绿色矿山的企业给予暂停开采等一些惩罚。在石灰石资源日趋紧张的当下,矿山对于水泥企业的重要性不言而喻。

  2017年底,河南在《关于征求河南省2018年大气污染防治攻坚战工作方案(征求意见稿)修改意见的通知》率先提出“超低排放水泥企业或可不用参加错峰生产”。随后,在差异化错峰的加持下,超低排放蔚然成风。高价位情况下,获得额外的生产时间,对于提高效益和扩展市场无疑有巨大优势,也将大幅提升水泥企业的环保改造积极性。

  智能化在几年前似乎和水泥行业并无多少关联,百年来水泥行业作为传统工业生产方式相对成熟,特别是新型干法水泥推广以来,水泥生产技术工艺一度被认为已经固化,但自中国建材和海螺两大水泥集团发力智能化时,才发现原来如此传统的产业也可以富含“科技范儿”。当然,智能化并不是单纯为了炫技,而是超前意识的布局。统计局最新数据显示,虽然工业经济总量稳步增长,但是用工人数有所下降。这背后与劳动力结构转变有密切关系,劳动力逐渐短缺无疑将成为劳动密集型产业发展的短板,智能化水平将关系到企业未来能否可持续发展。

  正如国际老牌水泥建材集团一样,国内不少水泥集团已经或者正在推进建材全产业链的建设。延长产业链对于水泥企业扩大规模,把控上游和终端市场有着至关重要的作用。特别时随着对于河道的整治,天然砂日益紧俏,价格飞涨。这也为拥有矿山的水泥企业提供了新的盈利增长点,纷纷布局机制砂领域。

  可以预见,伴随着国内水泥行业的成熟,水泥价格作为过去企业竞争的唯一手段重要性将逐步降低,而紧随其后的则是以智能制造、超低排放为代表的综合实力较量。更重要的是,过去价格战的实力并不会对企业的存续造成致命性打击,但是未来的竞争或将引起新一轮行业洗牌。

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