重磅!遭下游举报!反垄断告诫会内容出炉 企业协会将开启自查!

2019-04-24 10:58:03

4月24日,国家市场监督管理总局反垄断局在浙江省市场监管局召开了建材领垄断行为告诫会。中国建材联合会、中国水泥协会、中国砖瓦工业协会,中国建材、海螺水泥、冀东水泥、华润水泥、华新水泥、山水水泥公司等相关协会领导及企业代表参加了该告诫会。

  4月24日,国家市场监督管理总局反垄断局在浙江省市场监管局召开了建材领域垄断行为告诫会。中国建材联合会、中国水泥协会、中国砖瓦工业协会,中国建材、海螺水泥、冀东水泥、华润水泥、华新水泥山水水泥公司等相关协会领导及企业代表参加了该告诫会。

  以下是会议主要内容:

  为何召开此次会议?

  主要是接到媒体和相关企业举报。特别混凝土行业联合涨价,受到制裁,而混凝土协会举报水泥垄断,提到大型企业成立区域联合销售平台,限制竞争行为,以及行业产品特殊属性刚需、短腿,容易形成区域市场。

  讲解相关案例:

  主要介绍反垄断制裁案例,东北水泥罚款事件,以及近期混凝土和砖瓦行业三个罚款案例。

  提出要求:

  参会的行业协会和企业要进行自查,认真学习反垄断法。行业协会:是否制订了排除竞争,进行最低限价,限制产销量。企业自查:是否达成垄断协议,对产品固定价格,进行最低限价,以及限制区域销售。是否有涉及经营者集中的行为应该申报的没有申报。

  会议目的:

  行业协会和企业要自查自纠是否有涉及垄断,自查报告先上报各省监督管理局,然后再上报国家监督管理局。
  编者按:

  关于水泥行业的“垄断”问题,其实业内不应该感到新鲜。数年前,业内曾爆发轰动一时的“东北锁窑事件”,最终吉林亚泰集团水泥销售有限公司、北方水泥有限公司、冀东水泥吉林有限责任公司领到了共计1.1439亿元的罚单。这是我国反垄断执法部门首次对水泥行业进行处罚。

  值得回味的是,就像当前的区域企业协同被部分人士认为是水泥行业脱困的“创新”之举一样,当年“东北锁窑事件”也曾一度被认为是业内经营模式的创新,是值得推广的先进经验。

  那么哪些行为可以被认定为垄断呢?按国家发改委《反价格垄断规定》的规定,价格垄断行为包括:(一)经营者达成价格垄断协议;(二)具有市场支配地位的经营者使用价格手段,排除、限制竞争。

  价格垄断协议是指,在价格方面排除、限制竞争的协议、决定或者其他协同行为。

  其他协同行为是指,依据(一)经营者的价格行为具有一致性;(二)经营者进行过意思联络因素并考虑市场结构和市场变化等情况。

  企业自主定价的核心是依法自主。如果具有竞争关系的企业自行协商或在协会组织或授意下达成统一价格意见,要求相互遵守,或进而签订承诺书,或在自律条款中“遵守”意思的表示,或对所谓“熊”企业要进行通报批评,或建议有关部门进行行政制裁的话,其行为构成了达成并实施价格垄断协议的违法行为要素。

  需要指出的是,《反价格垄断规定》中规定,行政机关和法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织滥用行政权力,在价格方面排除、限制竞争的行为,适用本规定。

  当前经济形势不佳的背景下,部分企业通过协同,控制产量,维护价格的做法呈现出上升势头,为应对这一现实,更需要相关部门坚持市场化、法治化原则,维护市场经济体系公平竞争原则。

  当然需要指出的是,《反垄断法》也提出,允许企业经营者之间在特定情况下一致行动,包括“因经济不景气,为缓解销售量严重下降或者生产明显过剩”,以及“为实现节约能源、保护环境、救灾救助等社会公共利益”等,但前提是“经营者还应当证明所达成的协议不会严重限制相关市场的竞争,并且能够使消费者分享由此产生的利益”。

  由此看来,水泥行业应该引起重视,切记具有竞争关系的经营者不得有达成固定或者变更商品价格,限制商品的生产数量或者销售数量等排除、限制竞争的协议、决定或者其他协同行为。特别需要指出的是,部分地区成立的区域水泥集团,堂而皇之的将统一生产和销售作为企业经营目标,这一做法在很大程度上已经踩到了《反垄断法》的红线。

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