水泥等行业有望在明年底前纳入全国碳市场

2021-10-29 10:04:46

第四季度全国碳市场有望进入交易活跃期。

全国碳市场首日成交410万吨后,交易量持续走低,连续多日无大宗交易。随着首个履约周期截止时间的迫近,第四季度全国碳市场有望进入交易活跃期。

全国碳排放权交易市场7月16日开市交易以来,至今已满百日。

上海环境能源交易所的公告显示,截至10月22日,全国碳市场共运行64个交易日,碳排放配额(CEA)累计成交量1911.06万吨,累计成交金额8.63亿元。挂牌协议交易最高成交价61.07元/吨、最低成交价41.00元/吨,成交均价约45元/吨。

据清华大学能源环境经济研究所执行所长张希良此前测算,目前中国全经济尺度的边际减排成本大概是7美元。碳市场若要发挥有效作用,碳价应该大于或等于每吨7美元。换算下来,目前碳价已经高于这个水平。

然而,对比坚挺的交易价格,碳交易量却持续萎缩。记者查阅发现,全国碳市场首日成交410万吨后,交易量持续走低,连续多日无大宗交易。

中国人民大学环境学院教授庞军对记者表示,当前全国碳市场活跃度普遍不高,究其原因,一是市场主体相对单一,只有电力行业参与碳市场,钢铁、有色金属、石化、化工、建材、造纸和航空等高耗能行业还未参与。二是当前碳配额的发放较为宽松,企业缺乏紧迫感。三是尚未接近履约周期截止时间,控排企业存在观望情绪。

业内认为,随着首个履约周期截止时间的迫近,第四季度全国碳市场有望进入交易活跃期。

专家建议适当收紧配额

发电行业是首个纳入全国碳市场的行业。

启动初期,全国碳市场只在发电行业2000多家重点排放单位之间开展配额现货交易。根据生态环境部的相关测算,纳入首批碳市场覆盖的企业碳排放量超过40亿吨。这意味着,我国碳市场一经启动就成为全球覆盖温室气体排放量规模最大的碳市场。

其中,配额是碳市场的核心环节之一。

根据《2019~2020年全国碳排放权交易配额总量设定与分配实施方案(发电行业)》,碳排放配额是指重点排放单位拥有的发电机组产生的二氧化碳排放限额,包括化石燃料消费产生的直接排放和净购入电力所产生的间接排放。

采用基准法核算机组配额总量的公式为:机组配额总量=供电基准值×实际供电量×修正系数+供热基准值×实际供热量。

清华大学能源环境经济研究所副教授张达对记者称,由于我国电力、热力等能源市场尚在改革进程中,碳价无法完全通过市场从生产端传导到消费端。为了体现消费者的减排责任,释放消费端的减排潜力,全国碳市场目前不仅纳入了化石燃料燃烧产生的直接碳排放,也纳入了电热使用产生的间接碳排放。

可以发现,配额的松紧程度、发放方式直接决定了碳市场的活跃程度以及碳价水平。因此,配额是否会进行调整,成为当下碳市场关心的焦点问题。

中国人民大学应用经济学院副院长、教授陈占明对记者分析,国际上主流的碳配额分配方式有三种:基准线法、历史强度法和拍卖法。其中,基准线法是以行业平均排放效率为基准线,对排放技术先进的企业更有利。相反,历史强度法更照顾历史排放量较大的企业,而他们很可能就是过去技术水平落后于行业平均的企业。基准线法和历史强度法都基于政府免费分配的原则,而拍卖法的不同在于,初始的排放权归政府所有,企业只有通过市场上的有偿购买行为才能获得碳排放权,政府则可统筹拍卖收益用于绿色发展。当前,中国主要采取的是基准线法,少数地区试点了历史强度法。

陈占明认为,从经济学的角度出发,采取任何一种配额分配方式,只要搭建起一个有效的碳市场,都不会影响总量控制的效果和市场效率,企业可以通过自发的交易实现有效的减排。但是,政府必须做好两点:一是配合总量的配额设计。过高的总量配额会导致市场的闲置,过低的配额则会给企业造成较大的成本负担。二是降低交易成本。无论交易量是高是低,每个企业都有一个初始的固定成本投入。如果交易量过低,平摊下来交易成本就会相对高。因此要通过政策鼓励,提升交易的活跃程度。

张达表示,之所以目前全国碳市场的配额总量没有采取一个固定值,而是通过“自下而上”与“自上而下”相结合的方法设定,形成具有一定灵活性的总量,这是由我国的国情决定的。当前,我国经济仍处于中高速发展时期,区域和行业发展不平衡。经济发展阶段特征和电力市场化条件,决定了全国碳市场在初期总体上是一个基于强度的碳市场,实质上是一个多行业的可交易碳排放绩效基准,兼具碳税和补贴两种政策激励效果。

张达认为,“十四五”期间,全国碳市场建设应力争实现对八个重点高耗能高排放行业的全覆盖,按“严控增量”的原则,设定全国碳市场配额总量和确定行业碳排放基准,积极发挥全国碳市场建设在实现2030年前碳达峰目标中的作用。“十五五”期间,应进一步扩大全国碳市场行业参与程度和覆盖企业数量,按“稳中有降”的原则,设定全国碳市场配额总量和确定行业碳排放基准,逐步扩大配额有偿分配比例,进一步提高全国碳市场建设在双碳目标中的地位和作用。

CCER可抵5%,冲击几何

全国碳市场首个履约周期于今年1月1日启动,到今年12月31日截止。涉及的重点排放单位需要完成一系列工作,包括数据报告核查和配额清缴履约等。

10月26日,生态环境部网站发布《关于做好全国碳排放权交易市场第一个履约周期碳排放配额清缴工作的通知》,明确全国碳市场第一个履约期,控排企业可使用CCER(国家核证自愿减排量)抵消碳排放配额清缴。

根据规定,用于配额清缴抵消的CCER,应同时满足两个要求:一是抵消比例不超过应清缴碳排放配额的5%;二是不得来自纳入全国碳市场配额管理的减排项目。

约一个月前,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于深化生态保护补偿制度改革的意见》,明确提出:健全以国家温室气体自愿减排交易机制为基础的碳排放权抵消机制,将具有生态、社会等多种效益的林业、可再生能源、甲烷利用等领域温室气体自愿减排项目纳入全国碳排放权交易市场。

庞军表示,上述政策可以通过市场化的手段,刺激林业碳汇、可再生能源的发展。但是,CCER可能会对全国碳市场造成一定程度的冲击。由于目前CCER的交易价格相对较低,企业势必会降低购买碳排放权的意愿,从而影响碳价和碳交易量。

值得注意的是,自2017年3月起,温室气体自愿减排相关备案事项已暂缓。全国碳市场第一个履约周期可用的CCER均为2017年3月前产生的减排量。

国泰君安研报显示,根据中国自愿减排交易信息平台,首批纳入碳交易的电力企业和其他行业自备电厂排放总量超过33亿吨二氧化碳当量,按照使用CCER抵消碳排放配额的比例不超过5%来计算,首批交易主体对CCER的需求量将达1.65亿吨/年,而目前减排量备案0.51亿吨,备案项目总计1.3亿吨/年。因此,全国碳排放交易正式开展以后,短期内CCER将是供不应求的状态。

既然CCER和碳市场都是服务于同一个碳中和目标,为何要予以区分对待,设定5%的抵消限制?

庞军解释,碳市场的一个重要目的是通过设定合理的碳配额总量来削减控排企业的碳排放量,并利用市场机制将碳排放的外部环境成本内部化,鼓励企业通过技术升级等方式,逐步降低碳排放。虽然CCER从另一个角度实现了整体降碳,但是CCER的引入相当于增加了碳配额供给总量,从而改变了碳配额供求关系;CCER抵消比例过大将会对碳市场价格及碳减排效果产生较大影响,这就违背了政策设计的初衷。因此,CCER只能作为碳市场的一种有益补充,并严格限制其抵消比例。

张达认为,虽然CCER可抵消清缴相当于提供了额外的碳配额,但这种冲击是相对可控的。一方面,目前规定抵消比例不超过应清缴碳排放配额的5%,比重不高。另一方面,碳配额的供给主要取决于基准线的划定,未来有可调整的空间。

针对后期碳市场的发展问题,上海环境能源交易所董事长赖晓明日前表示,目前全国碳市场增加交易主体、扩大交易范围的各项举措都在推进中。其中,有色冶炼、水泥、钢铁等行业都有望在明年底前纳入全国碳市场。同时,机构投资者入市也在加快推进中。

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Correlation

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2024-11-05 09:51:49

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In this journey of green transformation, the cement industry is firmly moving towards a low-carbon future, from technological innovation to management optimization, from the application of clean energy to the promotion of alternative fuels, each initiative is depicting a new journey for the industry. Let us work hand in hand to lead the wave of emission reduction with innovation, fulfill the green mission with practical actions, write a brilliant chapter of green and low-carbon development of the cement industry, and contribute to the construction of a beautiful earth.

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According to the statistics of China Cement Network, the annual carbon emissions of the cement industry exceed 1.2 billion tons of standard coal, second only to the power and steel industries, including more than 100 cement enterprise groups with annual carbon emissions exceeding one million tons. In the next stage, with the establishment of the carbon trading market, the cement industry will face unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The introduction of carbon trading mechanism will encourage enterprises to take the initiative to reduce emissions, transform the cost of carbon emissions into economic benefits, and promote the industry to develop in a more environmentally friendly and efficient direction. "Double carbon" is not only a responsibility, but also a cost and benefit.

2024-10-24 09:22:35

On October 23, the "2024 China Cement Double Carbon Conference and the 12th Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Exchange Conference" officially began to report. Early in the morning, the guests arrived at the hotel one after another, and the check-in scene was very hot. The Summit will focus on the core issues of low-carbon development and green upgrading in the cement industry, discuss the application of energy efficiency improvement and energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies, and how the cement industry can use the carbon trading mechanism to promote its low-carbon transformation.

2024-10-23 16:40:53

Let us work together to practice the concept of green development with practical actions and contribute our strength to the realization of the country's "double carbon" goal. Look forward to your participation and jointly create a bright future for the cement industry!

2024-10-18 13:57:30

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2024-10-17 11:20:09

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Key carbon emission units may use carbon emission reduction to offset part of their carbon emissions, and the proportion of use shall not be higher than 5% of the annual carbon emissions of the unit confirmed by the municipal ecological environment department in that year. The offset ratio of national greenhouse gas certified voluntary emission reductions generated by key carbon emission units using projects outside the municipal administrative region shall not exceed 2.5% of the annual carbon emissions of the unit confirmed by the municipal ecological environment department.

2024-10-11 13:17:07

Strictly implement the policy of capacity replacement, strengthen the control of excess capacity, resolutely curb illegal new capacity, build new cement projects according to ultra-low emission level, eliminate backward capacity according to law and regulations through comprehensive means, give full play to the standard role of energy consumption, environmental protection, quality, safety, material consumption and water consumption, and guide high energy consumption. Conditional areas can formulate plans for the withdrawal of restricted capacity.

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Calculate clinker production process emissions, fuel combustion emissions, electricity & heat consumption emissions, total carbon emissions & carbon intensity and other related data. For more cement industry carbon emission policies and data, please visit: Cement Industry Carbon Emission Calculation Center.

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In order to make preparations for being incorporated into the national carbon market, we should actively establish and improve the dual-carbon planning system, management system, system, innovation system, trading system and capacity system, do a good job in the research of dual-carbon policy, find out the family background, consolidate the quality of data, decompose and implement the goal of carbon reduction, and strive to achieve the goal of carbon reduction. We will continue to promote the substitution of raw materials, the transformation of energy consumption structure, the acceleration of technological innovation, the promotion of green manufacturing and intelligent leadership, and the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction and green expansion. Growth.

2024-09-13 16:07:12

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2024-09-13 13:55:48

Cement enterprises can manage carbon assets and gain advantages in the carbon market by finding out the family background and effectively managing carbon assets, setting up specialized agencies or departments to achieve low-carbon management, actively participating in carbon market transactions and accumulating experience, and developing carbon financial products to help their own development.

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In order to accelerate the work of expanding the coverage of the national carbon emission trading market (hereinafter referred to as the expansion), the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, referring to the mature construction and management experience of the power generation industry and on the basis of the special research results of the expansion, has formulated the Work Plan for the National Carbon Emission Trading Market Covering Cement, Steel and Electrolytic Aluminum Industries (Draft), which is now open for comments.

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We will further strengthen the construction of the carbon market, steadily expand the coverage of the industry, enrich the trading varieties and methods, and improve the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. By the end of this year, in addition to the existing power industry, the national carbon emission trading market will also include key emission industries such as steel, cement and aluminium smelting. We will further improve the carbon pricing mechanism and accelerate the establishment of a carbon footprint management system.

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2024-09-06 10:01:57

In view of the problems of declining profits of cement enterprises hindering green transformation and narrowing the space for energy saving and carbon reduction, Ye Jiayuan proposed that cement enterprises should not forget to innovate no matter how difficult it is. Innovation should not only be limited to low-carbon areas, but also open up ideas and plan digital upgrading and intelligent transformation as early as possible according to their own conditions. In the implementation of digital and intelligent transformation, it should be linked with low-carbon as far as possible. If digital intelligence leaves the foothold of low carbon, digital intelligence is likely to be hollow, and it is likely to become a castle in the air, which is not useful, but a burden for enterprises.

2024-09-05 11:04:53

The cement industry will soon be incorporated into the carbon trading market, and the importance of green low-carbon transformation has become increasingly apparent. In response to the policy guidance, China Cement Network will hold the "2024 China Cement Double Carbon Conference and the 12th Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Exchange Conference" in Wuhu Conch International Hotel on October 24-25. The conference will focus on the core issues of low-carbon development and green upgrading in the cement industry, discuss the application of energy efficiency improvement and energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies, and how the cement industry can use the carbon trading mechanism to promote its low-carbon transformation.

2024-09-04 15:34:06

According to the report, in the second half of 2024, the external environment is still complex and severe, and the operation and development still face many risks and challenges. From the perspective of the industry, in the second half of the year, the marginal demand for cement improved, the supply compression continued to increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the industry was prominent. From the company's point of view, strategic opportunities and risks coexist, uncertainties increase, the complexity and severity of the business situation, the heavy and arduous tasks continue to intensify.

2024-08-27 11:20:44

Shandong Province issued the Action Plan for Upgrading the Building Materials Industry (2024-2026), which aims to promote the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of the building materials industry. The action plan focuses on the cement industry and puts forward the tasks of stable growth, structural adjustment, digital transformation, green manufacturing and safety improvement.

2024-07-01 17:05:09

Under the leadership of Dong Shihong, Shijing Science and Technology has never forgotten its original intention of "green", firmly anchored the concept of green development in the torrent of the development of the times, and painted a magnificent and vibrant panorama of green ecological industry with practical actions.

2024-06-20 09:47:34

If 40% of alternative fuels are used in cement production, about 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide will be saved for every 1 million tons of clinker produced.

2024-05-10 09:27:37

Generally speaking, the carbon price exceeding 90 yuan/ton is a strong signal for the cement industry, reminding enterprises to incorporate carbon emission reduction and green development into their long-term strategic planning, and to achieve sustainable development through technological innovation and management mode reform.

2024-04-03 14:31:27

Pan Zhonghong, deputy general manager of Anhui Conch Cement Co., Ltd., said that the current situation of the industry is very anxious and we do not want to see it. The serious overcapacity and the sharp decline in demand have further intensified the contradictions in the industry.

2024-03-28 18:49:53

Tapai Group mentioned in Guotai Junan's research and exchange that the cement market demand recovered slowly after the Spring Festival this year, and the shipment rate did not reach the same period last year, but it is increasing day by day. The company has set a net profit target of more than 600 million yuan in 2024, and will strive to meet the challenges of declining demand for cement and intensified competition.

2024-03-22 09:50:12

Recently, as one of the 46 key enterprises included in carbon trading in Hubei Province, Gezhouba Yicheng Cement Co., Ltd. has successfully transformed from carbon quota shortage to carbon emission surplus enterprises through deep energy-saving and carbon reduction technology transformation.

2024-03-11 13:58:35

After the Lantern Festival, the demand for cement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has improved, the overall price is stable, and the market is gradually recovering.

2024-03-01 17:02:13

As one of the main sources of global carbon emissions, cement industry will undoubtedly have a far-reaching impact on the industry once it is included in the carbon emissions trading market.

2024-02-28 10:48:46

China Cement Net Releases Top 100 List of Carbon Emissions of China's Cement Enterprises

2024-02-07 09:50:42

For more policies and data on carbon emissions in the cement industry, please check the Double Carbon Channel of China Cement Network.

2024-02-04 17:01:23

此次签约,将进一步提升双方合作层次,拓宽合作领域,推动资源共享与整合,在光伏业务、电站项目、氢能应用等领域开展深度合作,有效降低碳排放量,推广清洁能源应用,为传统行业转型升级增添新绿色动力。

2023-12-06 09:06:24

此次签约,将进一步提升双方合作层次,拓宽合作领域,推动资源共享与整合,在光伏业务、电站项目、氢能应用等领域开展深度合作,有效降低碳排放量,推广清洁能源应用,为传统行业转型升级增添新绿色动力。

2023-12-06 09:05:59

水泥行业是碳排放大户和传统耗煤大户,与发电行业相比在减碳制度设计与碳排放配额初始分配上应把握总量与强度双控、市场化、现有政策衔接、供给侧结构性改革、活跃度与紧平衡、创新能力与包容性等维度,以实现低碳转型。

2023-11-07 10:14:45

今年前三季度,水泥需求和价格双双下滑,导致多家水泥企业盈利下降。为应对压力,企业纷纷转型升级,寻找新的利润增长点。预计四季度和明年水泥行业需求和价格将逐步改善,行业底部已明晰。

2023-11-04 13:14:41

Recently, due to the persistent cost pressure in the south, the price of concrete has risen slightly with the raw materials, but the growth of market demand is limited, and the overall quotation is still stable. From October 31 to November 6, the national concrete price index closed at 112.47 points, up 0.31% annually and down 10.11% year-on-year.