多地水泥价格完成第三轮上涨 量价齐升或促下半年利润反弹

2021-09-08 09:13:57

进入9月传统旺季,全国水泥市场价格继续大幅上涨。量价齐升,使得上半年利润承压的水泥行业,或将迎来整体反弹。

进入9月传统旺季,全国水泥市场价格继续大幅上涨。量价齐升,使得上半年利润承压的水泥行业,或将迎来整体反弹。

上周全国水泥市场价格继续大幅上涨,全国水泥均价448元/吨,周环比上涨13.2元/吨,价格上涨地区主要集中在东北、华东、华中和西南等地,涨幅为30-50元/吨。

浙江一家水泥企业的相关负责人告诉21世纪经济报道记者,水泥价格在今年5月开始进入持续下跌通道,7月底筑底之后开始企稳并持续上行。9月初,浙江地区部分企业将各种水泥价格上调了30元/吨,浙江地区水泥价格基本完成下半年第三轮普涨。

“需求端改善,供给端进一步收缩,预计下半年至明年,水泥行业基本面有望持续好转。”对此,业内人士表示。

需求释放产生强支撑

今年5月,受雨水天气、大宗商品高价以及市场资金紧张等不利因素影响,下游部分项目停工,水泥行业库存不断攀升,全国多个地区水泥出厂价格持续回落。部分地区经历了四五轮调价后,累计跌幅接近200元/吨。

不过,进入传统的“金九银十”旺季,国内水泥市场量价齐升。在华北地区,由于工程项目进入赶工期,下游需求提升,加之煤炭等原材料价格高位运行,企业为提升运营质量开始推涨价格,以上海为例,8月以来三轮累计上涨85元/吨;在华南地区,由于广西能耗双控,厂家限电管控较严,水泥产量缩减,部分企业一次性通知上涨100元/吨。

中国水泥网水泥大数据研究院高级分析师魏瑜接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示,下半年随着大项目启动,专项债速度加快,市场需求释放,将对水泥价格产生较强支撑。

在上半年稳增长压力不大、项目审核趋严以及提前批额度下达较晚的背景下,今年新增专项债发行进度缓慢。数据显示,今年1—7月,政府专项债券合计新增额度仅为1.35万亿,距离全年3.65万亿的发行目标仍有2.3万亿额度待发行。“9月1日召开的国务院常务会议明确提出,统筹做好跨周期调节,发挥地方政府专项债作用带动扩大有效投资。”业内人士预计,下半年专项债发行量较为可观。

此外,随着京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化等重大战略继续推进,鲍荣富认为,虽然新开工存下行压力,但当前施工面积同比仍保持较高增速,受销售及施工面积支撑,预计今明两年地产需求大幅下滑的可能性较低。

从进口方面来看,往年相对低价的进口水泥熟料会给国内水泥价格上涨造成一定抑制作用。今年受不断上涨的航运价格影响,加之越南财政部提出将熟料产品出口税率由5%提高至10%,今年1-7月我国累计进口熟料1379万吨,同比减少265万吨,难以形成对市场价格的冲击。

21世纪经济报道记者从业内了解到,目前,部分地区已达到产销平衡,水泥企业发货基本恢复到八九成水平,库存下降明显。

下半年限产力度或加大

受2021年上半年煤炭价格持续走高的影响,水泥行业成本端承压,利润同比下降。水泥大数据研究院数据显示,2021年上半年,水泥平均价格为461.3元/吨,较去年同期基本持平,但动力煤平均价816.5元/吨,较去年同期542.8元/吨涨了50.4%。因此,今年上半年,全国累计水泥销售收入为4836亿元,同比增长13.2%;利润总额为730.7亿元,同比下降7.2%。

不过,多位行业分析人士表示,目前需求端增长空间有限,甚至长期将会收缩。而在碳中和碳达峰背景下,水泥行业供给格局将得到优化,高能耗小企业有望加快出清,大企业市占率进一步提升,区域协同性进一步增强,在提高价格控制力的同时,将使供需维持动态平衡。

8月17日,国家发改委通报2021年上半年各省能耗双控目标完成情况,广西、广东、青海、宁夏等9个省(区)能耗强度同比不降反升。在能源消费总量控制方面,青海、宁夏、广西、广东等8个省(区)被列为一级预警。

9月1日,广西开始对当地水泥企业进行限产要求,要求9月水泥产量不超过2021年上半年月均产量的40%,此举将使广西水泥产量缩减600万吨。据中国水泥网统计,目前,收到一级预警的省份在产产能达到5亿吨,占全国总产能比重达28%。有分析人士透露,“预计后续其余各省限产措施或将逐步跟进,带来供给端进一步收缩”。

另一方面,根据中国建材联合会联手15家专业协会共同制定的《建材行业淘汰落后产能指导目录》,其中日产2500吨以下的水泥熟料生产线被列入淘汰名单,要求2022年底前完全淘汰。今年3月,山东省率先将产能退出提升到政策层面,明确指出2022年底前,2500吨/日规模的熟料生产线整合退出一半以上,2025年底前,2500吨/日规模的熟料生产线全部整合退出。

目前,水泥行业2500吨/日及以下的产线共659条,年产能占行业总产能比重约为27%。按1.5:1的置换比例,则行业产能最低将净缩减1.6亿吨。 “预计以地域为主的兼并重组以及大集团内部同业整合可能会掀起高潮,这也满足当地对碳达峰的要求。”中国水泥协会副秘书长李琛表示。

事实上,水泥企业一直在加大供给端并购重组扩份额的步伐。

8月25日晚间,天山股份近千亿重组获无条件通过,天山股份拟以981.42亿元的价格,向中国建材等26名交易对方购买中联水泥100%股权、南方水泥99.9274%股权、西南水泥95.7166%股权及中材水泥100%股权等资产。此次重组规模仅次于招商蛇口并购案,是A股史上第二大并购。针对此次重组,天山股份也表示,将打造国内最大的A股水泥上市公司。

此前,行业龙头冀东水泥和金隅集团也有过两次资产重组,妥善解决了双方的同业竞争问题。

业内人士认为,行业产能进一步集中有利于提升价格进一步协同。压缩过剩产能有望给水泥行业供给端带来实质性改善,扩大企业的营收增长空间。

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