全球最大碳市场今日开市!水泥行业如何迎接碳交易?

2021-07-16 16:40:37

水泥行业的碳减排行动开展已久,在“碳捕捉”、碳交易等领域也有多年实践。

万众期待的“全国碳交易”终于正式鸣锣开市。 

7月16日上午9点15分,全国碳市场上线交易正式启动。全国碳市场启动仪式于北京、上海、武汉三地同时举办。全国碳市场采用“双城模式”,将交易中心设置在上海,将碳配额登记中心设置在武汉,中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理韩正宣布了市场正式启动。

9点30分,首笔全国碳交易已经撮合成功,价格为每吨52.78元,总共成交16万吨,交易额为790万元。

申能集团、华润电力、中国华电集团、中国石油化工集团、国家能源集团、国家电力投资集团、中国华能集团、中国石油天然气集团、中国大唐集团、浙江能源集团等10家企业成为全国碳交易市场首批成交企业。

据悉,首批参与全国碳排放权交易的发电行业重点排放单位超过了2162家,这些企业碳排放量超过40亿吨二氧化碳,意味着中国的碳排放权交易市场,将成为全球覆盖温室气体排放量规模最大的碳市场。

碳交易所如何影响碳排放?

碳交易所主要有两个交易品种:碳配额和CCER。其中碳配额是市场的硬通货,CCER相对来说是一种补充机制,受政策影响更大。

碳交易所的目标是通过市场化的碳价去影响企业的成本,碳价越高碳排放量就会越少。简单来说,当碳价提升,会提高企业的成本,当企业的利润减少甚至亏钱了之后,就会主动减产,从而降低碳排放的量。另外,也会推动企业升级设备,降低单位能耗。

水泥行业如何迎接碳交易?

根据全国碳市场总体设计,除电力行业外,“十四五”期间,将逐步纳入石化、化工、建材、钢铁、有色、造纸、和民航等其他数个高耗能行业。而早在今年3月,记者就从相关渠道获悉,拥有良好碳排放数据基础的水泥、电解铝行业将可能优先纳入全国碳交易市场。

碳排放专家王敏娜表示,水泥工业CO2排放占到全国工业排放的20%,占建材行业总排放的67%左右。我国水泥行业碳达峰时水泥熟料年产量为16 亿吨左右,按照当前的行业平均碳排放量系数折算,预测年碳排放量为13.76 亿吨,占当前全国碳排放总量约(约102 亿吨)13.5%。她预计在未来1-2年内全国碳交易将纳入水泥、电解铝、钢铁行业,极有可能以2021年度为履约起始年。她建议水泥企业提前做好碳资产管理的准备。

碳排放专家 王敏娜

王敏娜指出,水泥行业在积极探索行业内重点减排路径的同时,积极做好碳资产管理工作,利用碳金融工具实现保值与增值等方面入手加强碳资产管理,是可以使其成为新的利润增长点的。至于水泥企业如果做好碳资产管理,可以从以下四个方面考虑,提前做好准备工作:

一是摸清家底,有效管理碳资产。随着碳交易试点的稳步推进和统一碳市场建设的提速,中国即将迎来全面的碳约束时代。以二氧化碳为代表的温室气体排放权已经成为一种颇具金融价值的商品,成为企业继现金资产、实物资产和无形资产后又一新型资产—碳资产。在国家统一碳市场运行后,将有更多的企业被纳入到控排体系中来,以碳资产为交易标的市场规模有望达到千亿级,基于市场机制的碳资产管理理念将受到更多的关注,企业必须对碳资产实行有效管理。

管理的前提是摸清企业、项目、产品的碳排放情况,借助碳排查和碳足迹准确掌握自身排放量。在生产经营的过程中,通过有效管理或使用新能源、低碳设备等手段降低碳排放,积累碳资产,最后通过配额交易或碳金融工具实现资产增值。在市场建立初期,企业应积极应对并逐步建立符合自身的碳资产管理架构,熟悉碳市场政策、交易规则和调整应对策略,从而在碳市场成熟阶段自如应对并敏锐抓住机遇,实现碳资产管理盈利。由于大多数企业缺乏碳资产管理的专门人员与经验,可以将所有与碳排放相关的管理工作(内容包含减排项目开发、碳资产账户管理、碳交易委托与执行、低碳项目投融资等)委托给专业咨询公司,实行碳资产托管,以达到企业碳资产增值的目的。

二是实现低碳管理,设立专门机构或者部门。企业必须加强自身建设,实行低碳管理模式。在领导层面,企业管理者应结合公司的发展战略和经营环境,在评估风险的基础上制定公司碳管理的总体策略和目标。在组织架构方面,应建立专门的碳排放权交易部门,统一管理碳盘查、交易、履约、碳资产开发等事务。在能力建设方面,应邀请专家针对高层管理人员以及基层技术人员进行有针对性的培训,培养一批了解碳市场相关政策、掌握碳市场交易规则、能熟练使用碳资产管理相关工具的专门性人才。

企业实行低碳管理不仅是企业实现可持续发展的重要举措,也是赢得满费者与投资者信赖、履行社会责任的重要环节,同时也是进行国际化经营必须面对的挑战。企业要积极探索低碳管理机制,采取低碳运营方式,抢占低碳经济发展先机,力争成为低碳经济时代的领跑者。

三是积极参与碳市场交易,积累经验。通过碳市场交易,企业可以结合自身的减排潜力以及减排成本寻找最适合的减排路径,主动进行产业升级及节能减排,并利用碳金融促进主业的开展。企业要深入了解碳交易机制的原理与规则,只有充分理解并掌握了碳交易机制的原理与规则,才能保证在碳交易市场中获取利益、规避风险。控制碳排放对企业既是要求也是机遇,企业可以通过参与碳交易实践积累经验,尽早了解碳市场的运行机制和相关政策法规,积极参与碳排放的监测、报告和核查,加快淘汰落后产能,提高能效。

四是开发碳金融产品,助力自身发展。为了避免碳资产闲置,企业可以开发碳金融产品,利用碳资产进行融资。典型的碳金融产品和服务包括碳配额抵押、碳债券、碳资产委托管理等。企业通过将碳配额抵押给银行等金融机构,从而获得资金用于投资,待到约定的时间后企业偿还资金,重新获得配额。盘活碳资产,解决资金短缺,避免违约风险,是碳金融的主要目的。碳金融产品的推出可以给碳市场的参与主体尤其是控排单位提供多样化的碳资产金融管理方式,吸引更多的碳配额进入市场,提高碳市场的流动性和活跃度。

此外,当前环境下,王敏娜认为中国水泥行业碳减排的难点主要有:

①规模大:中国水泥的产量占全球总产量的55%,中国水泥行业产生的二氧化碳占中国总排放量的13%-14%,碳减排压力大。

②治理成本高:生产水泥过程中排出的烟气中的二氧化碳的浓度在20%-30%,必须要把二氧化碳浓度提纯到95%或者99%以上才能把它捕捉下来去填埋或者去利用,这就导致了水泥行业二氧化碳捕捉成本比其他行业高(像酒精发酵行业尾气二氧化碳浓度达到95%以上,捕捉成本就低很多)。

③成本收益不平衡:国内碳交易价格贵的(如北京)每一吨92块钱,便宜的(如广东、重庆、天津等)仅20多块钱,而碳捕捉成本要二三百块钱,这就导致了水泥企业倾向于交易而不是捕捉。

王敏娜表示,中国水泥行业可以通过以下途径进行碳减排:

一是尽量少排:通过“提升热效率、替代燃原料、用低碳熟料”等方法减少二氧化碳的排放。

二是已经排放的、必须要排放的二氧化碳可以通过碳捕捉技术CCUS等来进行捕捉利用。

拉法基水泥碳减排为例:

自1990年以来,到2018年拉法基豪瑞已将其每吨水泥的净碳排放量减少了25%,其方式包括:

1、使用低碳燃料(包括不可回收的塑料)替代高达50%的化石燃料使用,并可使燃烧排放减少20%;

2、在水泥生产过程中应用窑尾余热发电技术,将生产中产生的热能转化为电能;

3、将城市生活垃圾部分取代生产过程中所需的能源,减少能耗;

4、用可替代燃料和原材料,如太阳能、风力等可再生、可循环资源替代煤等燃料。

5、加拿大CO2捕捉项目是世界上第一个水泥行业溶液捕捉和重用CO2

产品碳足迹层面:

1、植被混凝土技术可用于城市生态公园和生态建筑的建设,通过人工方式修补城市生态坏点;

2、用透水混凝土取代硬路基,结合地下综合管廊水资源的综合利用,实现城市水系统循环;

3、降低混凝土的导热吸热系数,降低城市建筑热辐射吸收和释放,主动降低热岛效应;

4、提高混凝土性能,降低建筑过程中的材料应用,减少建设周期和延长建筑寿命。

由于实际二氧化碳排放比原来预测的排放量要低很多,因此,他们拥有了多余的碳排放配额。2008年,拉法基公司通过碳排放许可的盈余数额为420万美元。2012年前九个月拉法基从碳交易中赚了5600万欧元。

国内水泥企业积极“碳”索

水泥行业的碳减排行动开展已久,利用原料替代、燃料替代、水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾、预烧成窑炉技术、能源管控、余热发电、发展低碳水泥、调整品种结构等等手段推动着水泥行业碳减排工作。此外,在“碳捕捉”、碳交易等领域也有多年实践。

海螺水泥:“碳捕捉”技术开先河

海螺水泥作为水泥行业先行示范企业,早在2018年就已经建成世界上首条水泥窑烟气二氧化碳捕集纯化示范项目,规模为50000吨CO2/年,实现了二氧化碳资源化利用。

据了解,捕集装置采用当今环保领域最新技术,经过一年时间工程建设、设备安装调试,于2018年4月开始试生产。运行两年多以来,整套系统运行稳定,截至2020年7月已生产销售工业级液态CO2近4万吨,纯度达到99.97%,产品质量优于国家标准。

海螺集团芜湖白马山水泥厂5万吨级二氧化碳捕捉收集纯化示范项目

为进一步加快绿色环保从技术到产品的转化,海螺集团于2019年又在白马山水泥厂建设年产3000吨干冰项目,将捕集的二氧化碳转换为高附加值的干冰产品,开辟了一条利用企业副产品的新途径。

台泥:培植微藻生态捕碳

为了解决生产中排放二氧化碳的问题,自2012年起,台泥与台湾工研院合作,推动“钙回路碳捕捉先导型系统技术合作研究”及“二氧化碳捕获与封存(CCUS)技术验证与放大技术研发”,具体来说就是,以石灰石做吸附剂,利用其价廉、吸附容量高、易于取得等优势,以及以失活吸附剂再作为水泥生产的原料,或生产附加值较高的轻质碳酸钙,使得台泥生产过程中不产生废弃物。

台泥和平厂袋式管状反应器

而捕获的二氧化碳可进行地质封存或养殖微藻。当藻类在生产的过程中,需要吸收阳光与二氧化碳固碳,能够进一步进行碳捕捉以达成生态减碳,并创造高经济价值的虾红素。也就是说,通过碳捕捉技术,被视为导致全球变暖、温室效应元凶的二氧化碳,将彻底从废物变黄金。

葛洲坝水泥:摸索了一套适合水泥行业的完善碳资产交易流程

作为2014年首批进入湖北碳市场交易的企业,第一年,葛洲坝水泥公司曾花了3000多万买配额。 

“肉痛”过后,葛洲坝水泥公司同步规划节能减排的发展战略方针。从淘汰落后产能、稀土永磁电机改造,到建立能源管理体系、大数据监控平台,大规模利用工业废渣作为原材料等,公司减排成效明显:截至2020年,其同等熟料产量下的二氧化碳排放量已比2015年减少约120万吨;生产1吨熟料,煤耗下降了12%,电耗下降了7%,单位产品的综合能耗达到了国标先进水平。 

如今,葛洲坝水泥公司每年约花数百万元购买碳配额。和一开始被动购买不同,他们已摸索了一套适合水泥行业的完善碳资产交易流程。不仅有专业部门负责碳核查、碳交易和碳资产,公司还每年出具专业市场报告,对今年碳市场交易进行预判和评估,并安排交易计划。 2020年,葛洲坝水泥公司购买碳配额的单价,比碳市场均价低了9.6%。

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Correlation

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Key carbon emission units may use carbon emission reduction to offset part of their carbon emissions, and the proportion of use shall not be higher than 5% of the annual carbon emissions of the unit confirmed by the municipal ecological environment department in that year. The offset ratio of national greenhouse gas certified voluntary emission reductions generated by key carbon emission units using projects outside the municipal administrative region shall not exceed 2.5% of the annual carbon emissions of the unit confirmed by the municipal ecological environment department.

2024-10-11 13:17:07

The central region includes Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces. The Opinions on Implementation put forward 19 specific tasks from seven aspects: accelerating the development of green and low-carbon transformation, continuously deepening the control of air pollution, strengthening the protection and restoration of water ecological environment, strengthening the control of soil and agricultural and rural pollution, strengthening the control of solid waste and hazardous waste, maintaining regional ecological environment security, and strengthening the support and guarantee of ecological environment protection.

2024-10-09 09:45:34

Strictly implement the policy of capacity replacement, strengthen the control of excess capacity, resolutely curb illegal new capacity, build new cement projects according to ultra-low emission level, eliminate backward capacity according to law and regulations through comprehensive means, give full play to the standard role of energy consumption, environmental protection, quality, safety, material consumption and water consumption, and guide high energy consumption. Conditional areas can formulate plans for the withdrawal of restricted capacity.

2024-09-29 10:25:13

At present, there are nine regional carbon emission trading markets and corresponding exchanges in China. These exchanges are located in different regions, covering a wide geographical range from north to south, aiming to promote the development of carbon emissions trading and green finance throughout the country.

2024-09-27 11:11:58

Calculate clinker production process emissions, fuel combustion emissions, electricity & heat consumption emissions, total carbon emissions & carbon intensity and other related data. For more cement industry carbon emission policies and data, please visit: Cement Industry Carbon Emission Calculation Center.

2024-09-26 16:58:15

Promoted by the "policy combination boxing" of the state adopting mandatory standards to promote the withdrawal of low-quality and low-efficiency production capacity and strengthening the supervision of new and stock projects, cement enterprises are promoting joint restructuring through m & a, equity participation and other forms, curbing new production capacity from the source, reducing and eliminating backward production capacity from the stock, and adjusting the structure. Promote the sustainable development of the industry.

2024-09-26 14:10:42

According to the Announcement of Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment on Adjusting the Inclusion Standards of Chongqing Carbon Market (Yuhuan [2023] 55), the original list of Chongqing Carbon Market is updated according to the inclusion standards of industrial enterprises whose annual greenhouse gas emissions reach 13000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (about 5000 tons of standard coal for comprehensive energy consumption) and above. A list of key emission units (hereinafter referred to as key emission units) in Chongqing carbon market in 2023 has been formed, and 334 key emission units have been included in the quota management in 2023.

2024-09-25 14:44:14

The cement industry has been clearly included in the carbon emissions trading market in 2024. Cement enterprises need to comprehensively and accurately understand the relevant regulations and guidelines. According to the actual situation of the enterprises themselves, they should seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, turn inward, practice hard, continuously reduce their carbon emissions per ton of clinker, reduce the production cost of clinker, and win in the current industry trend. So that their enterprises can survive and develop better.

2024-09-25 09:05:05

Although the road of carbon emission reduction in the cement industry is full of challenges, through continuous technological innovation and industry practice such as "steel slag phase-separated clinker", we have reason to believe that the cement industry can surpass the "face-saving project", realize the real green transformation, explore a sustainable road of cement concrete development, and leave a cleaner and sustainable earth for future generations.

2024-09-24 14:31:59

At present, Sichuan is speeding up the development of green low-carbon new productivity and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the cement industry. In recent years, Sichuan's industrial sector has vigorously promoted the construction of a full-cycle and full-process green manufacturing system, and continued to carry out the gradient cultivation of green manufacturing demonstration units. The province's cement industry has created a total of 11 national green factories and 35 provincial green factories. One cement enterprise has successfully entered the national energy efficiency "leader" and two cement enterprises have been rated as provincial energy saving and carbon reduction benchmarking enterprises.

2024-09-23 11:02:17

By 2027, the energy consumption of more than 30% of cement production lines will be better than benchmark level, and all production lines in the industry will reach the benchmark level of energy efficiency standards. More than 70% of cement enterprises have achieved a high degree of automation in the whole production process, and the proportion of enterprises with digital transformation maturity level 3 or above has reached more than 20%, and the level of greening and digitalization of the industry has been significantly improved.

2024-09-23 10:29:16

How to improve the energy efficiency of the firing system? What are the ways to save energy and reduce consumption? China Cement Network will hold the "2024 China Cement Double Carbon Conference and the 12th Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Exchange Conference" in Wuhu Conch International Hotel on October 24-25. The conference will focus on the core issues of low-carbon development and green upgrading in the cement industry, discuss the application of energy efficiency improvement and energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies, and how the cement industry can use the carbon trading mechanism to promote its low-carbon transformation. At the meeting, Qi Yanyong will give a wonderful speech around the examples of energy efficiency improvement and consumption reduction technology of firing system. Sign up quickly!

2024-09-18 10:35:36

In order to make preparations for being incorporated into the national carbon market, we should actively establish and improve the dual-carbon planning system, management system, system, innovation system, trading system and capacity system, do a good job in the research of dual-carbon policy, find out the family background, consolidate the quality of data, decompose and implement the goal of carbon reduction, and strive to achieve the goal of carbon reduction. We will continue to promote the substitution of raw materials, the transformation of energy consumption structure, the acceleration of technological innovation, the promotion of green manufacturing and intelligent leadership, and the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction and green expansion. Growth.

2024-09-13 16:07:12

Looking forward to the future, in order to achieve full carbon neutrality in the cement industry, we need not only the drive of technological innovation, but also the cooperation of policy support and market mechanism. By adopting non-carbon raw materials, alternative fuels, clean energy and optimizing transportation modes, the cement industry will gradually achieve a significant reduction in carbon emissions, thus taking a more solid step on the road of carbon reduction.

2024-09-13 13:55:48

Cement enterprises can manage carbon assets and gain advantages in the carbon market by finding out the family background and effectively managing carbon assets, setting up specialized agencies or departments to achieve low-carbon management, actively participating in carbon market transactions and accumulating experience, and developing carbon financial products to help their own development.

2024-09-12 09:09:57

In order to accelerate the work of expanding the coverage of the national carbon emission trading market (hereinafter referred to as the expansion), the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, referring to the mature construction and management experience of the power generation industry and on the basis of the special research results of the expansion, has formulated the Work Plan for the National Carbon Emission Trading Market Covering Cement, Steel and Electrolytic Aluminum Industries (Draft), which is now open for comments.

2024-09-09 16:44:40

We will further strengthen the construction of the carbon market, steadily expand the coverage of the industry, enrich the trading varieties and methods, and improve the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. By the end of this year, in addition to the existing power industry, the national carbon emission trading market will also include key emission industries such as steel, cement and aluminium smelting. We will further improve the carbon pricing mechanism and accelerate the establishment of a carbon footprint management system.

2024-09-08 17:42:29

Many contents in the Plan are closely related to the cement industry, such as continuously promoting the reduction of excess capacity and capacity replacement, transformation and upgrading of the cement industry; promoting new energy medium and heavy trucks in the cement industry and developing zero-emission freight fleets; striving to complete the treatment of ultra-low emission transformation projects of cement clinker and coking enterprises in key cities by 2025; To study the multi-source and whole-process control and monitoring and supervision technology of volatile organic compounds, and to carry out research on key technologies of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in key industries such as parks, cement and steel.

2024-09-06 10:01:57

In view of the problems of declining profits of cement enterprises hindering green transformation and narrowing the space for energy saving and carbon reduction, Ye Jiayuan proposed that cement enterprises should not forget to innovate no matter how difficult it is. Innovation should not only be limited to low-carbon areas, but also open up ideas and plan digital upgrading and intelligent transformation as early as possible according to their own conditions. In the implementation of digital and intelligent transformation, it should be linked with low-carbon as far as possible. If digital intelligence leaves the foothold of low carbon, digital intelligence is likely to be hollow, and it is likely to become a castle in the air, which is not useful, but a burden for enterprises.

2024-09-05 11:04:53

The cement industry will soon be incorporated into the carbon trading market, and the importance of green low-carbon transformation has become increasingly apparent. In response to the policy guidance, China Cement Network will hold the "2024 China Cement Double Carbon Conference and the 12th Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Exchange Conference" in Wuhu Conch International Hotel on October 24-25. The conference will focus on the core issues of low-carbon development and green upgrading in the cement industry, discuss the application of energy efficiency improvement and energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies, and how the cement industry can use the carbon trading mechanism to promote its low-carbon transformation.

2024-09-04 15:34:06

Gathering the wisdom of the four seas, condensing the strength of the heroes, the two-day conference is full of dry goods, which will surely make every guest return with a full load, turn pressure into power, and jointly promote the new journey of ultra-low emission transformation of Zhejiang cement industry towards brilliance!

2024-07-24 15:09:50

In the past two decades, the demand change of China's cement industry has gone through three development stages: high-speed development period (2004-2012), high-level platform period (2013-2021), and downward demand period (from 2022 to now).

2024-07-23 16:45:00

Energy saving and consumption reduction is not only a response to environmental responsibility, but also the only way for the cement industry to break the cocoon and enter high-quality development.

2024-06-20 16:33:57

Chongqing Conch Cement Company uses biodegradation technology to treat kitchen waste and convert it into oil and organic fertilizer raw materials, thus realizing waste recycling. This first cement kiln co-processing system in China helps to reduce carbon dioxide and other harmful gas emissions and promote green development. Zhongxian County cooperated with Chongqing Conch to invest in the construction of kitchen waste treatment projects, which solved the problem of kitchen waste treatment in the local and surrounding districts and counties. At the same time, the company itself is also transforming to digitalization and greening, reducing carbon emissions and winning a number of national green titles.

2024-06-19 12:19:34

Huaxin Building Materials has set an industry benchmark in energy saving and carbon reduction technology, and its technical level has reached international advanced standards, making an important contribution to green building and sustainable development.

2024-05-17 09:51:48

After the market competition, the business strategy of the enterprise tends to be rational, and there is a strong willingness to increase the off-peak production and stabilize the market. It is expected that the cement price will continue to fluctuate in 2024.

2024-04-17 09:50:03

At present, the cement industry is facing serious internal and external troubles, which can be said to be "the autumn of life and death".

2024-04-02 17:13:02

Anhui Zongyang Conch Cement Co., Ltd. was selected as the national green factory list in 2023, becoming the 27th national green factory of Conch Cement. Relying on intellectualization, environmental protection technology and clean energy, the plant has realized the full utilization of mine resources, zero waste discharge and the improvement of ecological environment, which reflects the efforts and responsibilities of enterprises in promoting green and high-quality development.

2024-02-26 11:34:45

In Ganjiang Conch Cement Co., Ltd., a "green factory in Jiangxi Province", rows of blue photovoltaic panels are shining in the sunshine, and the scenery is easily photographed. Workers said that they felt very happy to work in the factory area surrounded by fresh air and green plants.

2024-01-15 10:54:34

水泥行业应认清形势变化,捕捉低碳大势带来的商业模式变革机会。

2023-12-29 15:02:54

作为行业龙头,大型水泥企业肩负着引领行业方向、推动行业进步的责任。面临“需求下滑、效益萎缩、产能过剩”等行业困局,水泥巨头们又是如何“出招”的呢?

2023-12-29 14:53:53

打造无废城市,让水泥厂成为城市伴生产业逐渐变成越来越多水泥企业的共识。

2023-11-23 13:55:55

目前,西藏自治区仍处在基础设施建设的高峰期,水泥需求端支撑力度尚可,但考虑到前期产能增长,行业供应压力仍存,市场行情取决于实际产能释放情况……

2023-11-13 14:11:28

Since the 21st, some major manufacturers in Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang and Yunfu in western Guangdong have again notified an increase in cement prices by 30 yuan/ton, and the specific implementation remains to be observed.