海螺水泥吴斌:对当前区域水泥市场的思考

2020-06-05 18:16:16

吴斌认为,疫情对水泥行业的影响需辩证看待,既有挑战,也有机遇。

新冠疫情对全球经济活动带来挑战,世界水泥协会(以下简称“WCA”)组织召开了一系列“水泥行业声音”视频对话活动。

5月29日,WCA执委、安徽海螺水泥股份有限公司总经理吴斌在与WCA CEO李恩·瑞里(Ian Raily)的对话中,就疫情对全球水泥行业的影响、水泥行业高质量发展做了深度交流。

疫情对全球水泥行业的影响

吴斌认为,疫情对水泥行业的影响需辩证看待,既有挑战,也有机遇。从中国情况看,短期内由于水泥行业运行质量和市场需求关联性较高,一季度中国水泥需求受疫情影响下降30%左右,随着中国疫情形势的稳定向好,市场需求出现恢复性增长,4月份全国水泥产量同比增长3.8%。长期来说,为对冲经济下行压力,实现“六稳”目标,落实“六保”任务,中国政府加大了新老基建投资力度,一大批重点工程项目开工建设,利好水泥行业,预计未来2-3年内中国水泥需求仍可维持在一个合理区间的平台期。

目前,疫情在中国得到了有效控制,但国外仍在蔓延。海螺在印尼、缅甸、老挝、柬埔寨这些国家都有工厂投运,因此也十分关注海外疫情情况。吴斌表示,疫情对全球水泥行业都造成了比较大的影响,拉丁美洲、欧洲、东南亚这些地区疫情尚未得到有效控制,对水泥行业的波及影响程度要比中国大的多。水泥核心是需求,需求若得不到改观,行业的运行状况则会相对表现的更加困难。

对中国水泥行业高质量发展的思考

中国水泥行业这几年取得了不错的经营效益,行业的高质量发展也取得较好成效,但仍存在制约因素:

一是地区行情分化明显。中国东中部地区经济总量大,需求相对稳定,阶段性供不应求,当前价格处在相对合理区间;东北地区虽然率先推行了错峰生产,但并未能从根本上解决产能过剩的问题,市场竞争无序,价格持续走低,随着人口流出增多、有效投资减少、市场需求下滑,矛盾更加突出。

二是新增产能加剧局部地区供求矛盾。随着产能置换政策的实施,部分僵尸企业死灰复燃。据统计,目前中国在建和准备新建的产能达到1亿吨,这些产能建成投产后,将进一步加剧地区供求矛盾。

对于中国水泥行业的高质量发展,吴斌认为,越是在困难的时候,越是要统一思想,凝聚共识,促进行业可持续、健康发展,提出了以下建议:

一是要团结一致,共抗疫情。人类社会是一个命运共同体,必须联起手来,共同抗击疫情,营造稳定的社会秩序,保持经济合理增长,稳定水泥市场需求。

二是要坚定信心,稳定预期。国家为对冲疫情影响,将会出台更多稳增长举措,要坚定信心,共同维护来之不易的经营环境和市场秩序,全力稳预期稳行情稳市场,奠定行业高质量发展基础。

三是要优化结构,压减产能。无论是对中国而言,还是对全球而言,行业要想长治久安,就必须推进去产能工作,要抓住疫情窗口期,通过政策性、技术性的约束手段,让落后产能退出市场。

四是要统一思想,严控新增。保持合理的产能富余程度,严格执行减量产能置换政策,切不能以置换、技改之名再额外增加产能。

海外进口熟料对中国水泥行业的影响

谈话中,李恩·瑞里(Ian Raily)提及近年来业界较为关注的中国进口熟料增加的问题,吴斌认为其原因是由于东南亚地区需求不足、价格走低,与中国市场价差拉大,同时国际油价下跌、运输成本下降也为国际资源流动创造了条件。当前中国已从熟料最大出口国变成最大进口国,主要流向为山东、江苏、浙江等地。

他表示,预计这种状况仍将维持一段时间,主要由两方面因素决定:一是需求有支撑,中国沿海地区石灰石资源匮乏,所处的市场为输入型市场;二是进口熟料在价格上尚存在一定的竞争比较优势。但同时他也指出,进入6-7月份后,随着中高考、雨季、农忙等季节性淡季的到来,国内市场需求有所下滑,这将对进口带来一定挑战。

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Correlation

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