从上市公司半年报看水泥企业竞争力差异

2014-09-04 09:12:35

据国家统计局数据显示,今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业销售额同比增长7%。近年来,由于水泥上市公司的新建产能和兼并重组,使自今年以来的产销同比增长速度高于行业平均水平,上半年销售额同比增长13.4%。但水泥上市公司之间产销增长存在差异,12家公司上半年销售额同比增长率在12%以上,其中5家公司同比增长20%以上;另外,5家公司上半年销售额比去年同期下降,5家公司同比增长率低于行业平均水平。

  2013年我国水泥主业上市公司27家:冀东水泥、江西水泥、天山股份、同力水泥、四川双马、塔牌集团、秦岭水泥、西水股份、巢东股份、青松建化、宁夏建材、狮头股份、海螺水泥、祁连山水泥、华新水泥、福建水泥、亚泰集团、博闻科技、金隅股份、山水水泥、东吴水泥、天瑞水泥、联合水泥、华润水泥、中材股份、西部水泥、中国建材(非水泥主业葛洲坝、尖峰集团不包括在财务统计分析内)。2013年年末,我国水泥上市公司水泥熟料产能10亿吨,占全国总量 53.4%;水泥产能13.2亿吨,占全国总量的39.1%。在我国水泥上市公司中,多种企业规模和经济成分并存,既有大型企业集团,也有小型企业;既有国有控股,也有私人控股、港澳台商控股、外商控股。

  我国水泥上市公司目前销售额约占行业总量的35%,实现利润占50%,说明水泥上市公司经济效益和资本运营效率走在行业前列,但水泥上市公司经济效益和企业竞争力存在巨大差异。截止到本文发稿止,尚有江西水泥和天瑞水泥未发布今年上半年中期报告。本文就今年已发布的上半年中期报告财务数据,对水泥企业经营状况和竞争力展开分析,其中江西水泥以第一季度报告财务数据替代。

  上市公司经营状况差异

  据国家统计局数据显示,今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业销售额同比增长7%。近年来,由于水泥上市公司的新建产能和兼并重组,使自今年以来的产销同比增长速度高于行业平均水平,上半年销售额同比增长13.4%(见图7)。但水泥上市公司之间产销增长存在差异,12家公司上半年销售额同比增长率在12%以上,其中5家公司同比增长20%以上;另外,5家公司上半年销售额比去年同期下降,5家公司同比增长率低于行业平均水平(见图7)。

  图7 2014年上半年水泥上市公司销售额同比增长率

  今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业利润总额同比增长52.7%,水泥上市公司上半年利润总额同比增长57%(见图8)。但水泥上市公司之间经济效益也存在差异,9家公司上半年利润总额同比增长率在50%以上,5家公司负增长,7家公司亏损(见图8)。

  图8 2014年上半年水泥上市公司利润总额同比增长率

  上市公司水泥单位成本相差60元

  今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业销售利润率7.5%,水泥上市公司平均水平11%。今年上半年,在我国水泥上市公司中,亏损企业有7家,其中2家公司亏损额在3亿元以上。除去亏损企业,5家公司销售利润率在17%以上,其中最高的为27.3%,平均为24.4%;8家公司销售利润率在 7.5%~11.5%之间,平均为8.9%;6家公司销售利润率在0%~7.5%之间,平均为4.4%(见图9)。

  图9 2014年上半年水泥上市公司销售利润率比较

  据中国建筑材料联合会信息和经济运行部、中国建材数量经济监理学会监测统计,今年上半年,全国通用水泥平均出厂价格每吨312元,按行业平均销售利润率计算,吨水泥平均利润 23元,吨水泥平均成本费用289元。在水泥上市公司中,先进企业吨水泥平均成本费用236元,低于行业平均水平53元,低于一般企业48元,低于落后企业60元。水泥上市公司之间单位产品成本费用差距60元,是行业平均利润的两倍以上。这一方面体现了先进企业的盈利能力,另一方面也表明先进企业在水泥价格竞争中,具备游刃有余的降价空间。

  上市公司水泥生产成本相差45元

  今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业毛利率为 15.9%,水泥上市公司平均水平为25.7%。今年上半年,在我国水泥上市公司中,5家公司毛利率在31%以上,平均为34.3%;5家公司毛利率在 26%~30%之间,平均为27.7%;14家公司毛利率在0%~26%之间,平均为20.2%(见图10)。

  图10 2014年上半年水泥上市公司毛利率比较

  按今年上半年全国通用水泥平均出厂价格和毛利率计算,行业吨水泥平均生产成本为263元,水泥上市公司吨水泥平均生产成本为232元。水泥上市公司技术装备和生产技术水平高于行业多数企业,生产成本低于行业平均水平。但在水泥上市公司中,生产成本也有差距,先进企业吨水泥平均生产成本为205元,低于行业平均水平58元,低于上市公司一般企业21元,低于落后企业45元。水泥上市公司之间吨水泥生产成本差距45元,是行业平均利润的近两倍,体现了水泥上市公司之间的技术装备、生产技术和管理水平差距。[Page]

  水泥上市公司管理成本相差9元

  今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业管理费用占销售额的 4.1%,水泥上市公司中多为企业集团,管理人员和管理费用高于行业平均水平,管理费用平均占销售额的7.2%。今年上半年,在我国水泥上市公司中,10 家公司管理费用占销售额比重在7%以下,平均为4.9%,其中最低的为3.8%;9家公司在7%~10%之间,平均为8%;7家公司在10%以上,平均为 12.4%(见图11)。


  图11 2014年上半年水泥上市公司管理费用占销售额比重比较

  在水泥上市公司中,部分企业集团管理层次多、管理人员多、管理费用高,管理费用占销售额比重高出先进企业9元。9元的管理成本差距,吞噬了吨水泥利润,反映出水泥企业集团之间企业组织结构、管理水平的差距。

  水泥上市公司财务成本相差8元

  今年上半年,全国规模以上水泥制造业财务费用占销售额的2.8%,水泥上市公司融资成本和财务费用利息支出远高于行业平均水平,今年上半年财务费用占销售额 5.4%。今年上半年,在我国水泥上市公司中,6家公司财务费用占销售额比重在1.5%以下,平均为1.3%;12家公司在1.5%~6%之间,平均为 3.8%;8家公司在6%以上,平均为9.6%,其中6家公司在9%以上(见图12)。

  图12 2014年上半年水泥上市公司财务费用占销售额比重比较

  今年6月末,全国规模以上水泥制造业资产负债率为60.7%。多数水泥上市公司资金充裕,水泥上市公司平均资产负债率略低于行业平均水平,今年6月末平均为59.7%。在水泥上市公司中,11家企业和企业集团资产负债率在50%以下,平均为38.1%。近年来,部分企业和企业集团兼并和产能扩张过快,加之经营管理不善,潜伏很大财务风险,有15家公司资产负债率超过50%,平均为67.8%,其中2家公司资产负债率达到82.4%和104.2%(见图 13)。高额负债使企业财务成本支出大幅度增加,8家公司每百元销售额收入需支出财务费用9.6元(财务费用占销售额比重),高出先进企业8元,吞噬了吨水泥利润。

  图13 2014年上半年水泥上市公司资产负债率比较

  部分水泥上市公司

  1/3货款不能及时收回

  自我国国民经济进入新常态以来,水泥需求增速放缓,而水泥庞大的产能压力,使水泥市场形成买方市场,水泥企业应收账款急剧增加。今年6月末,全国规模以上水泥制造业应收账款余额793亿元,占销售额8.6%。中小水泥企业和多数私人控股企业由于资金短缺,对销售货款回笼控制严格,应收账款资金占用较低,而大企业集团应收账款较多。今年上半年,水泥上市公司应收账款余额为582亿元,约占规模以上水泥制造业应收账款余额的73%,占水泥上市公司销售额的 17.7%,远远高于行业平均水平(见图14)。

  图14 2014年上半年水泥上市公司应收账款占销售额比重比较

  今年上半年,在我国水泥上市公司中,6家公司应收账款余额占销售额比重控制在2.1%以下,3家公司控制在1%以内;6家公司应收账款余额占销售额比重在 30%以上,其中3家公司在50%以上(见图14)。这意味着有1/3和半数以上的货款不能及时收回。应收账款不能及时收回,不仅潜伏坏账风险,而且大量占用流动资金,使财务费用支出增加,增加资金成本,使吨水泥利润下降。

 水泥上市公司经营状况差异

  集中体现水泥企业之间竞争力差异

  今年上半年,水泥上市公司经营状况的差异,不仅反映了自我国国民经济进入新常态以后对水泥企业经营状况的影响,而且实质上体现了我国水泥行业进入市场经济以来,企业之间竞争力的差异。水泥上市公司之间的吨水泥成本费用差异,集中体现了我国水泥企业之间的竞争力差异,而吨水泥生产成本、管理和财务费用比重、应收账款风险和财务风险控制的差异,是从企业技术装备、生产技术、财务和企业管理水平等各方面全面反映出企业竞争力的差异。

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Correlation

Tianfeng Securities Research Report shows that with the arrival of the peak season in September, the progress of special bonds and special bonds at the infrastructure end has been accelerated and major local projects have been started, and the demand for cement is expected to pick up. Recently, the cement shipment data continued to recover, and the price side also rose synchronously. At present, most cement enterprises are still in a state of loss. With the strengthening of industry supply self-discipline, the superimposed demand is expected to improve marginally, and the industry profit center is expected to be lifted.

2024-09-19 10:18:37

On September 11, Jinyu Group said that in August, the price of cement clinker increased by 3% compared with the same period last year, and continued to improve. In addition, in the first half of the year, the aggregate business of the company achieved a cumulative operating income of 729 million yuan, an increase of 23.7% over the same period last year, and a gross profit rate of 50.7%. In September, Hebei sub-region staggered peak production for 10-17 days, Northeast sub-region staggered peak production for 10-20 days, and Shaanxi staggered peak production for about 15 days, which are currently in the process of implementation.

2024-09-19 10:06:46

It is understood that in 2022, Huarun Cement (Guigang) Co., Ltd. won the mining right of basalt mine for construction in Shiniuling, Muzi Town, Gangnan District, Guigang City, Guangxi with more than 1.2 billion yuan. Within the transfer scope of the mining area, the available resources are nearly 300 million tons, of which the basalt ore for building stones is over 240 million tons, the annual production scale is over 9.7 million tons, and the transfer period is 30 years.

2024-09-19 10:03:37

As a "veteran" of the industry, Li Wenxiu has personally experienced the ups and downs of the cement industry for decades. Faced with the current difficulties, Li Wenxiu believes that solidifying the market and share is the key to stabilizing the development trend of the industry, steadily promoting capacity removal and realizing the "soft landing" of the industry under the background of a sharp decline in demand. "The more the economic downturn, the more stable employment, stable income, capacity is inevitable, but how to go to capacity is the way we can choose, the current solidification of the market, solidification of share, to maintain the basic efficiency of the industry is very critical.".

2024-09-18 11:20:28

Conch Group not only continues to consolidate its leading position in the field of cement manufacturing, but also actively explores and expands in new energy, new materials, environmental protection industry, digital economy, modern service trade and other fields.

2024-09-18 10:20:25

This article is selected from Song Zhiping's book "Reform Heart Road", which describes his motivation and effect of restructuring cement in those years, and has been published by China Cement Network. Recently, there has been a call for restructuring and mergers and acquisitions in the cement industry. Reviewing this old article may have the effect of reviewing the old and learning the new, encouraging the industry to promote a new round of restructuring, and solving the persistent problems of the industry.

2024-09-16 10:19:30

What is happening in the cement industry?

2024-09-16 07:01:17

Technological innovation is the engine of low-carbon transformation and development of cement industry. In recent years, Century Xinfeng Group has transformed and developed agricultural modernization projects based on building materials, and Hubei Zhongxin Kaiwei Modern Animal Husbandry Project in the agricultural modernization sector produces a large amount of manure every day. Zhuge Wenda, the chief scientist of Century Xinfeng Group, personally designed and guided the implementation of the collaborative utilization process of Hubei Zhongxin Kaiwei Modern Animal Husbandry and Century Xinfeng Leishan Cement Plant to dispose of resources harmlessly and build a closed-loop industrial chain around modern agriculture, which has achieved remarkable results and formed its own unique competitiveness and new development advantages.

2024-09-15 20:08:57

In order to further improve and optimize the financial structure of Ningbo Shangrong Logistics Co., Ltd. and promote sustainable development, the capital source of this capital increase is the company's own funds, which will not adversely affect the company's financial and operating conditions, and will not damage the interests of the company and its shareholders.

2024-09-14 14:18:38

In order to make preparations for being incorporated into the national carbon market, we should actively establish and improve the dual-carbon planning system, management system, system, innovation system, trading system and capacity system, do a good job in the research of dual-carbon policy, find out the family background, consolidate the quality of data, decompose and implement the goal of carbon reduction, and strive to achieve the goal of carbon reduction. We will continue to promote the substitution of raw materials, the transformation of energy consumption structure, the acceleration of technological innovation, the promotion of green manufacturing and intelligent leadership, and the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction and green expansion. Growth.

2024-09-13 16:07:12

In September 13th, some investors asked, what is the company's plan for the next 3 years? Li Qunfeng, executive director and general manager of Conch Cement, said that the company would persist in effective investment, continue to consolidate the competitive advantages of cement and upstream and downstream industries, and foster new energy, environmental protection, digitalization and other emerging industries.

2024-09-13 15:47:40

Faced with the adverse effects of the deep adjustment of real estate and the slowdown of infrastructure investment, the company will adhere to the principle of "market, resources and returns" and enhance market control to promote high-quality M & a projects in areas with low industry concentration and blank markets.

2024-09-13 15:27:16

The semi-annual report of Tapai Group shows that in terms of operating conditions, the cost of cement sales per ton of Tapai Group is 194 yuan, down 33 yuan from the same period last year. On September 12, Tapai Group said that in recent years, cement market demand has been declining, competition has further intensified, and cement prices are low. In order to cope with the market competition, the company strengthened market research and judgment, responded scientifically and implemented precise policies, continued to promote cost reduction and efficiency enhancement, continued to streamline the organization and optimize personnel, continued to slim down and strengthen the body, lightened the burden, went into battle lightly, and paid close attention to cost control.

2024-09-13 11:55:23

The environmental protection planning of Tapai Group mainly includes: promoting the construction of the 300,000 tons/year general solid waste resource comprehensive utilization project of Jiaoling Branch, which has been reviewed and approved by the eighth meeting of the fifth board of directors; the company plans each Alternative fuel projects will be built in the clinker production line of 5000t/d, with the goal of replacing 30% of coal consumption and reducing the total energy consumption.

2024-09-13 11:39:14

Recently, Jiuquan Vientiane Building Materials Co., Ltd. It is understood that Jiuquan Vientiane Building Materials Co., Ltd. was established in 2011 with a registered capital of 160 million RMB. There is a 2500t/d waste residue comprehensive utilization new dry process cement production line and 7.5MW pure low-temperature waste heat power generation green building materials circular economy project in the plant area, which is the only large-scale cement production project in Hexi Corridor in recent years approved by Gansu Provincial Industry and Information Technology Commission and recognized by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as a national capacity replacement project, and is also a "new, large and excellent" project for Jiuquan City to attract investment.

2024-09-12 14:11:24

For the capacity replacement plan of the supplementary capacity project, the emphasis is on the supplement, as long as it is clear where the supplementary capacity comes from, and it is the compliance capacity. Other elements and procedures can and should be appropriately simplified. For example, whether the cross-provincial replacement of production capacity for supplementary projects needs to be the same as new projects, and whether the procedure of holding hearings can be simplified.

2024-09-12 13:34:14

Yang Jun thanked China Railway Construction Corporation for its long-term trust and support to Conch Group, and introduced the company's overall business and transformation and upgrading. He said that China Railway Construction is a leading enterprise in the field of infrastructure, and has maintained good cooperative relations with Conch Group for many years, with a deep foundation for cooperation between the two sides. At present, Conch Group is speeding up the construction of a new high-quality development model of "one base and five industries", hoping to give full play to its own advantages, closely meet the needs of the transformation and development of China Railway Construction, deepen cooperation around key areas such as building materials, new energy, digitalization and overseas business, and achieve complementary advantages and win-win development.

2024-09-12 09:37:35

On September 11, at the 2024 China Top 500 Enterprises Summit Forum, the China Enterprise Federation and the China Entrepreneurs Association released the list of "Top 500 Chinese Enterprises" to the public for the 23rd consecutive time. The entry threshold for this year's list is 47.381 billion yuan, an increase of 383 million yuan over the previous year. The revenue scale of the "Top 500" has stepped up to a new level, with a total revenue of 110.07 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.58% over the previous year. Among them, China Building Materials, Conch and Red Lion are on the list.

2024-09-11 13:13:07

According to incomplete statistics, there are about 33 listed companies developing commercial mixing business in A-share motherboard, Hong Kong stock and Taiwan stock, of which 9 companies take commercial mixing as their main business.

2024-09-10 17:04:29

Wanbei Cement "High Temperature and Low Dust SCR Dust and Nitrate Integration" project adopts the international advanced SCR denitrification technology, combines with the innovative technology of high temperature and low dust, and reduces the dust concentration to less than 10 mg/Nm ³ by setting a high temperature metal bag filter in front of the SCR reactor, which effectively solves the problem of high dust content in the flue gas at the end of the cement furnace. Clean gas enters the catalyst reaction layer to ensure that the catalyst operates in a high-temperature micro-dust state, thereby realizing the integrated continuous removal of dust and nitrate.

2024-09-08 16:24:20

In view of the problems of declining profits of cement enterprises hindering green transformation and narrowing the space for energy saving and carbon reduction, Ye Jiayuan proposed that cement enterprises should not forget to innovate no matter how difficult it is. Innovation should not only be limited to low-carbon areas, but also open up ideas and plan digital upgrading and intelligent transformation as early as possible according to their own conditions. In the implementation of digital and intelligent transformation, it should be linked with low-carbon as far as possible. If digital intelligence leaves the foothold of low carbon, digital intelligence is likely to be hollow, and it is likely to become a castle in the air, which is not useful, but a burden for enterprises.

2024-09-05 11:04:53

The cement industry will soon be incorporated into the carbon trading market, and the importance of green low-carbon transformation has become increasingly apparent. In response to the policy guidance, China Cement Network will hold the "2024 China Cement Double Carbon Conference and the 12th Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Exchange Conference" in Wuhu Conch International Hotel on October 24-25. The conference will focus on the core issues of low-carbon development and green upgrading in the cement industry, discuss the application of energy efficiency improvement and energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies, and how the cement industry can use the carbon trading mechanism to promote its low-carbon transformation.

2024-09-04 15:34:06

In the first half of 2024, Huaxin Cement achieved good results overseas. Huaxin said that the improvement of aggregate and overseas cement sales and performance has become an important support for stabilizing the company's performance. It is understood that overseas development is one of the four major development strategies of Huaxin Cement. In the second half of the year, Huaxin said it would be aggressive and further expand its overseas market. Li Yeqing said that in the future, Huaxin Cement may have production lines in 25 or more countries.

2024-09-04 10:31:12

However, in the semi-annual reports issued by major cement listed companies, despite the sharp decline in profits of the cement sector, the development of the aggregate sector is still steady. China Cement Network data show that in the first half of 2024, the demand for aggregate for concrete fell 10.8% year-on-year, with a total demand of 6.25 billion tons, dragged down by both downstream infrastructure and real estate. Therefore, how long the aggregate can support cement enterprises is indeed a pessimistic unknown.

2024-09-04 09:39:36

From the overall situation, in the first half of 2024, the overall operating situation of the cement industry was grim, and the profits of cement enterprises basically declined sharply, and even some enterprises suffered huge losses. In terms of the operation and management of Conch Cement, the Group will pay close attention to the macroeconomic situation at home and abroad, and continue to improve the quality and efficiency of its operation in line with the guidance of national policies. Huaxin Cement said that it demonstrated the sense of responsibility of large enterprises and actively promoted and implemented new supply-side structural reform programs and measures suitable for the high-quality development of the industry.

2024-09-03 09:43:58

Sichuan Shuangma's private equity fund management business mainly refers to the management and investment of funds, providing management services to private equity funds, collecting management fees and performance sharing. Sichuan Shuangma currently manages a total fund of nearly 28 billion yuan, and has achieved good results in new energy, semiconductor, advanced manufacturing and other investment fields.

2024-09-02 15:33:05

On the evening of August 30, Jidong Cement released its semi-annual report for 2024. In the first half of 2024, it realized operating income of 11.22 billion yuan, down 22.55% year-on-year; realized net profit of -806 million yuan, down 120.18% year-on-year; basic earnings per share of -0.3033 yuan; weighted average return on equity ROE of -2.85%. The main sources of the company's performance are the production and sale of cement and clinker, the production and sale of aggregates and the disposal of hazardous waste and solid waste.

2024-09-02 10:36:06

Recently, the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, issued the "Shandong United Wangqi Cement Co., Ltd. 4000t/d New Dry Process Cement Clinker Production Line and Waste Heat Power Generation Project Planning Approval Announcement". It is understood that the total investment in the technical renovation of the 4000t/d cement clinker new dry process production line project of Shandong United Wangqi Cement Co., Ltd. is 1 billion yuan. On the basis of the daily production of 2500t/d, the technical renovation of equipment has been upgraded to the 4000t/d new dry process cement clinker production line and the supporting construction of 6MWh waste heat power generation system. To realize the intellectualization, digitalization, energy saving and environmental deepening of production process and equipment level.

2024-09-02 09:58:33

On August 31, Huaxin Cement (600801) disclosed its semi-annual report for 2024. In the first half of 2024, the Company realized operating income of RMB 16.237 billion, a year-on-year increase of 2.56%; net profit attributable to parent company of RMB 731 million, a year-on-year decrease of 38.74%; net profit after deduction of non-profits of RMB 680 million, a year-on-year decrease of 41.88%; net cash flow from operating activities of RMB 1.731 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 18.64%; During the reporting period, the basic earnings per share of Huaxin Cement was 0.35 yuan, and the weighted average return on equity was 2.49%.

2024-08-31 16:17:56

In the first half of 2024, Conch Cement realized an operating income of RMB45.566 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 30.44%, and a net profit attributable to parent company of RMB3.326 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 48.56%.

2024-08-30 14:56:13

Relevant data show that the industry lost about 1.2 billion yuan in the first half of the year, with sales falling by 11%. Conch Cement: In the first half of the year, the Company achieved an operating income of RMB45.566 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 30.44%, and a net profit of RMB3.326 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 48.56%. Tapai Group: achieved operating income of RMB1.976 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 31.17%; net profit attributable to shareholders of the listed company was RMB226 million, representing a year-on-year decrease of 53.43%. It is expected that with the arrival of the traditional peak season of cement sales, the demand side will be better in the second half of the year than in the first half, and the price side is expected to continue to repair.

2024-08-30 10:06:24

The purchase cost of coal, electricity and other energy consumption in the cement products of the Company accounts for more than 50% of the comprehensive cost of the products on average. Once the coal price rises by a large margin, the production cost of the Company will face upward pressure. If the resulting cost increase cannot be fully transmitted to the product price, it will have a negative impact on the profit of the Company. With the rising cost of safety, environmental protection and labor, the cost pressure of enterprises will further increase.

2024-08-29 16:08:07

According to daryo. Uz. On August 27, it was reported that Uzbekistan's Competition Development and Consumer Rights Protection Commission announced that it had imposed a fine of 4.9 billion sum on Shangfeng Friendship Bridge for dumping and other violations. In addition, the regulator has issued a mandatory directive requiring Shangfeng Friendship Bridge to eliminate the identified violations and take measures to prevent future occurrences. On April 28, 2024, the completion ceremony of the 6500t/d clinker production line was successfully held.

2024-08-29 13:07:34

On the evening of August 28, Shangfeng Cement released its semi-annual report for 2024. During the reporting period, the company realized business income of 2.392 billion yuan, down 25.44% from the same period last year. During the reporting period, due to the decrease in market demand for cement building materials, oversupply of production capacity and the decline in product prices, the sales volume and product prices of the company's main products decreased year on year. The asset structure of the Company maintained a good margin of safety. As at the end of the reporting period, the scale of monetary capital of the Company was basically stable, and the actual scale of external financing remained stable.

2024-08-29 09:47:15