[原创]水泥贸易国际化,中国能分几杯羹?

2018-08-01 10:59:07

2017年全年,世界水泥跨国贸易总值达到了88亿美元,中国占比6.6%,再次成为水泥国际贸易第一大国。泰国凭借其6.3%的占比排名第二,但仅比中国低0.3个百分点。据水泥大数据研究院的统计,中国目前的水泥产能已经达到了36亿吨,而世界第二的印度水泥产能为3.22亿吨/年,两者有着巨大的差距。在世界水泥需求急速增长的情况下,中国企业需要抓住机遇,让中国水泥更多地走出去。

  2017年全年,世界水泥跨国贸易总值达到了88亿美元,中国占比6.6%,再次成为水泥国际贸易第一大国。泰国凭借其6.3%的占比排名第二,但仅比中国低0.3个百分点。据水泥大数据研究院的统计,中国目前的水泥产能已经达到了36亿吨,而世界第二的印度水泥产能为3.22亿吨/年,两者有着巨大的差距。在世界水泥需求急速增长的情况下,中国企业需要抓住机遇,让中国水泥更多地走出去。

一、2017年国际水泥贸易行业回顾

  2017年整一年,全球水泥贸易的总价值达到了88亿美元。

  作为一种重要的建筑材料,水泥常以灰色粉末、白色粉末或者熟料块的形式进行贸易。如果按种类来分,硅酸盐水泥在国际水泥贸易中占据了67%的比重。考虑到硅酸盐水泥是制造混凝土、砂浆、灰墁和水泥浆的主要成分,它能在国际水泥贸易中占据如此大的比重也毫不意外。除了硅酸盐水泥以外,熟料在国际水泥贸易中的比重达到了24.7%,水硬水泥和铝酸盐水泥分别占据5.5%和2.9%。

  在2013年,国际贸易水泥的总价值为130亿美元,而到去年,这一数字下降了接近32.4%。即使和2016年相比,2017年的国际贸易水泥总值也同比下滑了9.4%。

  过去一年,在全球范围内,亚洲国家为全世界输出了总值最高的水泥产品,所有亚洲国家合计出口了总值接近41亿美元的水泥产品,约占全球水泥贸易总值的46.1%。排在第二位的是欧洲大陆,欧洲的水泥出口总值占全球总值的35.6%,而北美的水泥出口总值仅占8.8%。排在末尾的是非洲和拉丁美洲(除墨西哥)及加勒比海地区,占有量分别为5.9%和2.7%。

  图1:2017年国家水泥出口贸易总值Top15

  数据来源:世界贸易网,水泥大数据研究院

  如上图所示,2017年水泥出口贸易价值前15位的国家总值达到了世界水泥贸易总值的61.3%。但是只有4个国家自2013年以来,水泥出口总值有所上升,加拿大、爱尔兰、日本和泰国分别上涨了52%、39.9%、5.9%和3.5%。与之相比,有不少国家自2013年以来水泥出口总值有所下滑,排在前列的国家有巴基斯塔、越南、土耳其、中国和美国,下滑幅度分别达到了60.3%、43.7%、28%、27.1%和24%。

  另一项数据展示了去年水泥进出口净利润的国家排名,福布斯的投资百科(Investopedia)将国家出口总值减去进口总值的差额定义为进出口净利润。因此,水泥进出口净利润展示了国家的水泥出口总值减去在同一水泥产品上的进口总值。中国在这项数据上依旧独树一帜,以5.28亿美元的净利润排名第一,但是仅高于第二的土耳其0.08亿美元,且和2013年相比,中国自身这项数据下滑了30.3%。

  图2:2017年国家水泥进出口净利润Top15

  数据来源:世界贸易网,水泥大数据研究院

  与之相对,另一项排名是世界水泥贸易净支出的排名,在这项榜单上排名靠前则表示这些国家在2017年购入了大量的进口水泥。在这项排名上,美国以9.57亿美元的净支出排名第一。可见美国对水泥有着巨大的需求,但是美国的水泥生产环境不足以支撑国内的水泥需求,需要依赖世界范围内的水泥生产国家。另外,中国香港去年在进口水泥上净支出2.48亿美元,同样榜上有名。

  图3:2017年国家水泥贸易净支出Top15

  数据来源:世界贸易网,水泥大数据研究院

  据统计,2017年世界十大水泥出口企业中,中国大陆有四家企业上榜,其中安徽海螺凭借其在世界范围内庞大的市场占有率,在这份榜单上排名第一。另外,中国台湾的台湾水泥排名第八。

  表1:2017年世界十大水泥出口企业

  数据来源:世界贸易网,环球水泥网,水泥大数据研究院

二、中国水泥出口现状简析

  作为现今世界第一大水泥生产国,中国的水泥产能和水泥产量远超世界其他国家。据中国水泥网水泥大数据研究院的统计,截止2018年6月,中国全年的水泥产能已经高达36亿吨。世界范围内,印度保持着世界水泥产能第二的位置,水泥产能为3.22亿吨/年,但是和中国仍有着巨大的差距。

  如果从产量角度来看,2017年中国的水泥年产量为23.2亿吨,排名第二的印度年产量为2.8亿吨,不到中国水泥年产量的65%。虽然去年中国水泥出口贸易值同样排在世界第一,但是和第二位泰国仅有0.3%的差距。另外,2013年中国水泥的年产量为24.1亿吨,虽然到了2017年,产量数值下降了3.7%,但仍与水泥出口贸易值下降27.1%和净利润下滑30.3%形成了鲜明对比。

  图4:十大水泥产能国

  数据来源:环球水泥网,水泥大数据研究院

  图5:2017年十大水泥生产国(万吨)

  数据来源:环球水泥网,水泥大数据研究院

  由此可见,尽管中国水泥出口贸易总值名列去年第一,但是实际上中国水泥出口贸易行业并不发达,中国出口水泥在中国生产水泥中仅占据了很小一部分,生产的水泥多用于国内自销。世界上一些水泥经销机构也认为中国在水泥出口市场上仍有着巨大的发展空间,之前几年中国在水泥出口方面一直处于下行表现,是由于中国政府缺乏重视,以及中国深海运输环境的匮乏。

  过去两年,中国水泥及熟料的出口量持续低迷表现,2017年较2016年总出口量同比下降27.9%,2018年上半年较去年同期下降22.9%,出口量呈现负增长。水泥及熟料出口年累计金额更是在过去五年逐年下滑,虽然今年上半年同比跌幅有所收窄,但整体形式仍不乐观。

  图6:2014-2018年中国水泥及熟料出口量

  数据来源:中国海关总署,同花顺,水泥大数据研究院

  图7:2014-2018年中国水泥及熟料出口金额

  数据来源:中国海关总署,同花顺,水泥大数据研究院

  从2016年下半年起,国内水泥行情持续上涨,国内企业也因此获益不少。放眼世界,中国水泥在国际上也属于较为廉价的水泥产品。据美国地质勘查局的统计,过去一年美国从中国进口的水泥每吨花销排在美国32个水泥进口国当中的第五位,即使近期的对华贸易战对中国水泥加收10%的关税,中国水泥仍然是这32个国家中第八廉价的水泥。国内水泥企业的机遇不仅仅存在于国内,国外有着更大的市场。

  近两年国家致力于解决国内水泥行业产能过剩的问题,主要解决办法是通过减量置换,以促进水泥行业去产能、技术进步和转型升级。如果换个思路,目前国际水泥市场仍具有巨大的潜力,在此背景上,中国水泥走出国门也不失为缓解产能过剩的一种途径。率先发展深海运输技术,能使中国水泥行业成为中国贸易行业中的翘楚。中国水泥走出去,也更利于国内企业在世界范围内打响知名度。


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Gui Tongsheng pointed out that the cement company is promoting the construction and operation of a number of overseas investment projects, and actively expanding the business of technical consultation, operation management and international sales of cement products. It is expected that international companies will further develop their advantages in overseas market layout and help cement companies develop their overseas business rapidly.

2025-02-19 09:41:50

In 2024, due to the downturn of real estate and the slowdown of infrastructure growth, the demand of domestic cement industry continued to shrink, the profits of the industry declined sharply, and enterprises generally faced the dilemma of overcapacity and intensified price war. In this context, leading enterprises such as Conch Cement, Jidong Cement and Huaxin Cement have listed overseas development as the core strategic direction in 2025.

2025-02-17 13:23:10

On January 15, the Tianshan Material 2025 Working Conference and the Second Session of the First Workers'Congress were held in Shanghai. Zhou Yuxian, Secretary and Chairman of the Party Committee of China Building Material Group and Secretary and Chairman of the Party Committee of China Building Material Co., Ltd., attended the meeting and made an important speech. Wei Rushan, Standing Committee and Deputy General Manager of the Party Committee of China Building Material Group, Deputy Secretary and President of the Party Committee of China Building Material Group, and Liu Yan, Standing Committee of the Party Committee of China Building Material Group and former Chairman of Tianshan Materials, attended the meeting and put forward work requirements. Zhao Xinjun, Secretary of the Party Committee, Chairman of the Board of Directors and President of Tianshan Materials, made a speech entitled Facing Difficulties Concentrate on improving quality and efficiency, reform and innovation to promote the company's high quality

2025-01-16 15:38:08

In 2024, Taiwan Cement has shown great determination and action in overseas expansion, and actively promoted its internationalization strategy.

2025-01-03 15:35:57

When the cycle goes up, we can go faster, and when the cycle goes down and the pressure is high, we should go steadily. The steady operation of an enterprise is to make as few mistakes as possible, not to make mistakes, not to be defeated first and then to win; to plant one mu of land well, and learn to create a small environment and climate suitable for the enterprise itself. "Stability" creates conditions for "progress", and "progress" contributes to the long-term "stability" of enterprises, which is a dialectical relationship.

2025-01-02 09:22:44

Whether Red Lion Group can use new ideas to break the current predicament of the domestic photovoltaic industry remains to be tested by time. But "cold winter" more than a year, suddenly appeared a new player to open the posture to attack, but also to add some sunshine to the industry.

2024-12-27 10:54:21

In this context, the 26th International Cement Technology and Equipment Exhibition will become an important platform to promote industry innovation, bringing together the world's top suppliers, displaying cutting-edge technology and equipment, and many conference activities will be carried out simultaneously during the exhibition, building a one-stop communication bridge for exhibitors and professional audiences, not only promoting domestic brands. It also helps overseas brands to enter China, thus building a more diversified and specialized global cement industry exchange platform.

2024-12-27 09:27:20

At present, many industries in our country appear market involution, and enterprises are also fighting price war, which seriously affects the profits of enterprises, but also affects the stock prices of many listed companies. Although the occurrence of large-scale industry involution is related to the overcapacity of the industry, it is also related to the competitive concept of enterprises, the low-price bidding of the industry and the blind low-price competition. Therefore, how to carry out healthy competition, how to overcome industry involution, how to carry out reasonable pricing, these are the problems we must face and solve.

2024-12-24 18:33:47

In the current severe and complex international environment, opportunities and challenges coexist in promoting the high-quality development of the "the Belt and Road", but on the whole, opportunities outweigh challenges. We should strengthen our strategic self-confidence, maintain our strategic determination, take the initiative and create a brighter future for the "the Belt and Road".

2024-12-04 16:08:56

The incorporation of the cement industry into the national carbon market will have a significant impact on cement enterprises in terms of production and operation, data control, transaction costs, energy saving and carbon reduction investment. With the carbon quota from basic satisfaction to tight reduction, it will effectively promote production reduction, thereby affecting competitiveness and supply and demand pattern.

2024-11-01 09:52:46

From September 23 to October 5, at the invitation of Saudi Aramco, Holcim Group, Dangote Group, GPC Group and other enterprises, Zhou Yuxian, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of China Building Materials Group, went to Saudi Arabia, Germany, France and Nigeria to attend the group's promotion meeting in Saudi Arabia. He witnessed the signing of strategic cooperation agreements with Saudi Aramco, GPC Group and Dangote Group and the signing ceremony of China-Africa Green Building Materials Joint Laboratory, met with relevant government agencies and well-known enterprise groups in four countries, and investigated local enterprises.

2024-10-08 09:10:31

This article is selected from Song Zhiping's book "Reform Heart Road", which describes his motivation and effect of restructuring cement in those years, and has been published by China Cement Network. Recently, there has been a call for restructuring and mergers and acquisitions in the cement industry. Reviewing this old article may have the effect of reviewing the old and learning the new, encouraging the industry to promote a new round of restructuring, and solving the persistent problems of the industry.

2024-09-16 10:19:30

In September 13th, some investors asked, what is the company's plan for the next 3 years? Li Qunfeng, executive director and general manager of Conch Cement, said that the company would persist in effective investment, continue to consolidate the competitive advantages of cement and upstream and downstream industries, and foster new energy, environmental protection, digitalization and other emerging industries.

2024-09-13 15:47:40

From the overall situation, in the first half of 2024, the overall operating situation of the cement industry was grim, and the profits of cement enterprises basically declined sharply, and even some enterprises suffered huge losses. In terms of the operation and management of Conch Cement, the Group will pay close attention to the macroeconomic situation at home and abroad, and continue to improve the quality and efficiency of its operation in line with the guidance of national policies. Huaxin Cement said that it demonstrated the sense of responsibility of large enterprises and actively promoted and implemented new supply-side structural reform programs and measures suitable for the high-quality development of the industry.

2024-09-03 09:43:58

In the first half of 2024, Conch Cement realized an operating income of RMB45.566 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 30.44%, and a net profit attributable to parent company of RMB3.326 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 48.56%.

2024-08-30 14:56:13

According to the report, in the second half of 2024, the external environment is still complex and severe, and the operation and development still face many risks and challenges. From the perspective of the industry, in the second half of the year, the marginal demand for cement improved, the supply compression continued to increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the industry was prominent. From the company's point of view, strategic opportunities and risks coexist, uncertainties increase, the complexity and severity of the business situation, the heavy and arduous tasks continue to intensify.

2024-08-27 11:20:44

Yin Zhisong fully affirmed the work of Sinoma Cement in the first half of 2024, pointing out that under the complex and changeable economic environment, all the cadres and staff of Sinoma Cement have made outstanding achievements. Faced with multiple challenges such as slow recovery of domestic demand for basic building materials and complex overseas situations, Sinoma Cement has achieved remarkable results in international development, business performance, management ability and Party building. Yin Zhisong deeply analyzed the new situation and challenges of the cement industry at home and abroad. He stressed that the current economic environment is in a cyclical change. Only by constantly learning and changing, can we accurately grasp the future development situation and implement the internationalization strategy.

2024-08-19 14:53:56

The real value of an enterprise lies not only in its short-term financial performance, but also in its leadership in the industry and its contribution to the future development of the industry. From this perspective, Conch Group still has a long way to go.

2024-08-06 15:02:54

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2024-07-31 17:14:30

It has vigorously promoted "eliminating backwardness, optimizing layout, upgrading technology and eliminating a large number of backward production capacity" and achieved remarkable results.

2024-07-23 14:51:01

European cement prices may exceed 250 euros/ton.

2024-07-17 16:03:36

"Integrated transformation and development, overseas development, new building materials business development, traditional industry + digital innovation".

2024-07-02 10:27:00

Huaxin Cement has formulated the action plan of "improving quality, increasing efficiency and emphasizing returns" in 2024, aiming at implementing the spirit of the Central Conference, responding to the initiative of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, improving the company's quality, investment value and market competitiveness, optimizing its operation and governance, actively returning investors and creating a good image of the capital market.

2024-07-01 17:06:15

For China Building Materials Group, accelerating the development of new quality productivity is the mission and responsibility of implementing the Party Central Committee's decision-making and deployment, and is an urgent need for its own development.

2024-06-26 09:50:59

Taiwan's cement industry has experienced a complete life cycle from germination, growth, prosperity to recession. Study Taiwan cement industry from the development since demand drops period, have draw lessons from a meaning very much to market of current mainland cement.

2024-05-28 11:53:23

Chang An-ping believes that now, 200 years after the invention of Portland cement, there are only two kinds of cement industries left: those who are still waiting to see, those who are still fighting for production, and those who are looking forward to tomorrow, those who are determined to go all the way.

2024-05-24 09:30:01

On May 21, Taiwan Cement Co., Ltd. held a shareholders' meeting to officially announce that Taiwan Cement Co., Ltd., which has a history of 78 years, will become a group holding company after seven years of active low-carbon transformation. Cement Corporation to TCC Group Holdings, a total of 11 industries across the global layout of 13 multinational markets. At the same time, the board of directors elected Zhang Anping as the chairman of Taiwan Cement.

2024-05-23 13:50:00

After the completion of the transaction, Jidong Cement holds 100% equity interest in China-Africa Building Materials.

2024-04-28 17:33:55

In the face of unprecedented changes in the world in a century, in order to better cope with risks and challenges and seize development opportunities, we must plan, act and act according to the situation.

2024-04-23 09:17:14

Looking forward to 2024, CNBM will continue to unswervingly promote the implementation of internationalization strategy, promote the internationalization of all business, all processes and all elements, comprehensively strengthen the construction of overseas compliance risk control system, and take various measures to achieve high-quality development of international business.

2024-04-16 10:11:46

In the downward cycle of demand, price is the basis of share and sales volume. The price of sacrifice can be compared with the cost reduction. If the cost is reduced by 20 yuan and the price is reduced by 100 yuan, can the benefit recover?

2024-04-16 09:26:17

On April 8, 2023, China National Building Material Company Limited held its 2023 annual performance conference in Hong Kong. At the meeting, the company's top management shared the highlights of its performance and future development strategy. In 2023, the company's operating income reached 210.2 billion yuan, and the net profit of the parent company was 3.86 billion yuan. The company will accelerate the transformation and upgrading, continue to promote the development of basic building materials, new materials, engineering and technical services, and emphasize the internationalization strategy and the interests of shareholders. It has implemented the "14th Five-Year" international development plan, promoted green development, improved shareholder returns, and planned to increase the dividend rate to 50%. The company's management communicated with investors and analysts on various aspects, and about 70 well-known investment banks and analysts attended the meeting.

2024-04-09 09:19:56

Zheng Jianhui expects cement demand to decline by at least 3% in 2024.

2024-04-03 15:12:49

In 2024, what are the development plans and layouts of the major cement enterprises in the market? According to the annual report of the enterprise, the following are arranged..

2024-04-03 13:45:12

Although the current "Belt and Road" countries still have a large market demand, they should also be alert to the hidden risks and challenges. Cement enterprises should not only learn to recognize gold, but also guard against dangerous reefs on the seabed.

2024-03-21 17:31:55

Up to now, Conch Cement has accumulated 13.888 million tons of clinker production capacity overseas, ranking first in the overseas production capacity of Chinese cement enterprises.

2024-03-20 11:44:32

From the perspective of the main direction of going to sea, China's cement enterprises focus on the layout of Southeast Asia, Central Asia and other countries along the Belt and Road; from the perspective of the route of going to sea, most enterprises mainly build their own production lines.

2024-03-19 16:34:55

Special cement is the advantage of Yufeng Group.

2024-03-14 14:53:31

Specialized institutions should also be established to accelerate the process of international testing, evaluation and certification of new green materials. Focusing on application norms, technology integration, standard establishment, certification and identification, we should gather resources and concentrate our efforts to build an international standard working mechanism with government guidance, enterprise main body and industry-university-research linkage, strengthen all-round benchmarking and systematic integration at home and abroad, break through institutional obstacles, and let green materials, green products and green standards go to the world.

2024-03-11 09:38:19

On March 7, Tan Hua, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of China Gezhouba Group, went to the cement company for investigation, emphasizing that we should keep up with the pace of development of the "three new" energy construction, take the lead in accelerating the "four major transformations", continue to write brilliant, and make new and greater contributions to the high-quality development of China's energy construction with new achievements and breakthroughs.

2024-03-08 14:44:41

This week, the pace of downstream resumption of work in most regions of China is still relatively slow, coupled with the unstable support of the cost side, the price of concrete has declined steadily. From February 17 to February 21, the national concrete price index closed at 100.27 points, down 1.76% annually and 19.23% year-on-year.