[原创]水泥贸易国际化,中国能分几杯羹?

2018-08-01 10:59:07

2017年全年,世界水泥跨国贸易总值达到了88亿美元,中国占比6.6%,再次成为水泥国际贸易第一大国。泰国凭借其6.3%的占比排名第二,但仅比中国低0.3个百分点。据水泥大数据研究院的统计,中国目前的水泥产能已经达到了36亿吨,而世界第二的印度水泥产能为3.22亿吨/年,两者有着巨大的差距。在世界水泥需求急速增长的情况下,中国企业需要抓住机遇,让中国水泥更多地走出去。

  2017年全年,世界水泥跨国贸易总值达到了88亿美元,中国占比6.6%,再次成为水泥国际贸易第一大国。泰国凭借其6.3%的占比排名第二,但仅比中国低0.3个百分点。据水泥大数据研究院的统计,中国目前的水泥产能已经达到了36亿吨,而世界第二的印度水泥产能为3.22亿吨/年,两者有着巨大的差距。在世界水泥需求急速增长的情况下,中国企业需要抓住机遇,让中国水泥更多地走出去。

一、2017年国际水泥贸易行业回顾

  2017年整一年,全球水泥贸易的总价值达到了88亿美元。

  作为一种重要的建筑材料,水泥常以灰色粉末、白色粉末或者熟料块的形式进行贸易。如果按种类来分,硅酸盐水泥在国际水泥贸易中占据了67%的比重。考虑到硅酸盐水泥是制造混凝土、砂浆、灰墁和水泥浆的主要成分,它能在国际水泥贸易中占据如此大的比重也毫不意外。除了硅酸盐水泥以外,熟料在国际水泥贸易中的比重达到了24.7%,水硬水泥和铝酸盐水泥分别占据5.5%和2.9%。

  在2013年,国际贸易水泥的总价值为130亿美元,而到去年,这一数字下降了接近32.4%。即使和2016年相比,2017年的国际贸易水泥总值也同比下滑了9.4%。

  过去一年,在全球范围内,亚洲国家为全世界输出了总值最高的水泥产品,所有亚洲国家合计出口了总值接近41亿美元的水泥产品,约占全球水泥贸易总值的46.1%。排在第二位的是欧洲大陆,欧洲的水泥出口总值占全球总值的35.6%,而北美的水泥出口总值仅占8.8%。排在末尾的是非洲和拉丁美洲(除墨西哥)及加勒比海地区,占有量分别为5.9%和2.7%。

  图1:2017年国家水泥出口贸易总值Top15

  数据来源:世界贸易网,水泥大数据研究院

  如上图所示,2017年水泥出口贸易价值前15位的国家总值达到了世界水泥贸易总值的61.3%。但是只有4个国家自2013年以来,水泥出口总值有所上升,加拿大、爱尔兰、日本和泰国分别上涨了52%、39.9%、5.9%和3.5%。与之相比,有不少国家自2013年以来水泥出口总值有所下滑,排在前列的国家有巴基斯塔、越南、土耳其、中国和美国,下滑幅度分别达到了60.3%、43.7%、28%、27.1%和24%。

  另一项数据展示了去年水泥进出口净利润的国家排名,福布斯的投资百科(Investopedia)将国家出口总值减去进口总值的差额定义为进出口净利润。因此,水泥进出口净利润展示了国家的水泥出口总值减去在同一水泥产品上的进口总值。中国在这项数据上依旧独树一帜,以5.28亿美元的净利润排名第一,但是仅高于第二的土耳其0.08亿美元,且和2013年相比,中国自身这项数据下滑了30.3%。

  图2:2017年国家水泥进出口净利润Top15

  数据来源:世界贸易网,水泥大数据研究院

  与之相对,另一项排名是世界水泥贸易净支出的排名,在这项榜单上排名靠前则表示这些国家在2017年购入了大量的进口水泥。在这项排名上,美国以9.57亿美元的净支出排名第一。可见美国对水泥有着巨大的需求,但是美国的水泥生产环境不足以支撑国内的水泥需求,需要依赖世界范围内的水泥生产国家。另外,中国香港去年在进口水泥上净支出2.48亿美元,同样榜上有名。

  图3:2017年国家水泥贸易净支出Top15

  数据来源:世界贸易网,水泥大数据研究院

  据统计,2017年世界十大水泥出口企业中,中国大陆有四家企业上榜,其中安徽海螺凭借其在世界范围内庞大的市场占有率,在这份榜单上排名第一。另外,中国台湾的台湾水泥排名第八。

  表1:2017年世界十大水泥出口企业

  数据来源:世界贸易网,环球水泥网,水泥大数据研究院

二、中国水泥出口现状简析

  作为现今世界第一大水泥生产国,中国的水泥产能和水泥产量远超世界其他国家。据中国水泥网水泥大数据研究院的统计,截止2018年6月,中国全年的水泥产能已经高达36亿吨。世界范围内,印度保持着世界水泥产能第二的位置,水泥产能为3.22亿吨/年,但是和中国仍有着巨大的差距。

  如果从产量角度来看,2017年中国的水泥年产量为23.2亿吨,排名第二的印度年产量为2.8亿吨,不到中国水泥年产量的65%。虽然去年中国水泥出口贸易值同样排在世界第一,但是和第二位泰国仅有0.3%的差距。另外,2013年中国水泥的年产量为24.1亿吨,虽然到了2017年,产量数值下降了3.7%,但仍与水泥出口贸易值下降27.1%和净利润下滑30.3%形成了鲜明对比。

  图4:十大水泥产能国

  数据来源:环球水泥网,水泥大数据研究院

  图5:2017年十大水泥生产国(万吨)

  数据来源:环球水泥网,水泥大数据研究院

  由此可见,尽管中国水泥出口贸易总值名列去年第一,但是实际上中国水泥出口贸易行业并不发达,中国出口水泥在中国生产水泥中仅占据了很小一部分,生产的水泥多用于国内自销。世界上一些水泥经销机构也认为中国在水泥出口市场上仍有着巨大的发展空间,之前几年中国在水泥出口方面一直处于下行表现,是由于中国政府缺乏重视,以及中国深海运输环境的匮乏。

  过去两年,中国水泥及熟料的出口量持续低迷表现,2017年较2016年总出口量同比下降27.9%,2018年上半年较去年同期下降22.9%,出口量呈现负增长。水泥及熟料出口年累计金额更是在过去五年逐年下滑,虽然今年上半年同比跌幅有所收窄,但整体形式仍不乐观。

  图6:2014-2018年中国水泥及熟料出口量

  数据来源:中国海关总署,同花顺,水泥大数据研究院

  图7:2014-2018年中国水泥及熟料出口金额

  数据来源:中国海关总署,同花顺,水泥大数据研究院

  从2016年下半年起,国内水泥行情持续上涨,国内企业也因此获益不少。放眼世界,中国水泥在国际上也属于较为廉价的水泥产品。据美国地质勘查局的统计,过去一年美国从中国进口的水泥每吨花销排在美国32个水泥进口国当中的第五位,即使近期的对华贸易战对中国水泥加收10%的关税,中国水泥仍然是这32个国家中第八廉价的水泥。国内水泥企业的机遇不仅仅存在于国内,国外有着更大的市场。

  近两年国家致力于解决国内水泥行业产能过剩的问题,主要解决办法是通过减量置换,以促进水泥行业去产能、技术进步和转型升级。如果换个思路,目前国际水泥市场仍具有巨大的潜力,在此背景上,中国水泥走出国门也不失为缓解产能过剩的一种途径。率先发展深海运输技术,能使中国水泥行业成为中国贸易行业中的翘楚。中国水泥走出去,也更利于国内企业在世界范围内打响知名度。


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Correlation

This article is selected from Song Zhiping's book "Reform Heart Road", which describes his motivation and effect of restructuring cement in those years, and has been published by China Cement Network. Recently, there has been a call for restructuring and mergers and acquisitions in the cement industry. Reviewing this old article may have the effect of reviewing the old and learning the new, encouraging the industry to promote a new round of restructuring, and solving the persistent problems of the industry.

2024-09-16 10:19:30

In September 13th, some investors asked, what is the company's plan for the next 3 years? Li Qunfeng, executive director and general manager of Conch Cement, said that the company would persist in effective investment, continue to consolidate the competitive advantages of cement and upstream and downstream industries, and foster new energy, environmental protection, digitalization and other emerging industries.

2024-09-13 15:47:40

From the overall situation, in the first half of 2024, the overall operating situation of the cement industry was grim, and the profits of cement enterprises basically declined sharply, and even some enterprises suffered huge losses. In terms of the operation and management of Conch Cement, the Group will pay close attention to the macroeconomic situation at home and abroad, and continue to improve the quality and efficiency of its operation in line with the guidance of national policies. Huaxin Cement said that it demonstrated the sense of responsibility of large enterprises and actively promoted and implemented new supply-side structural reform programs and measures suitable for the high-quality development of the industry.

2024-09-03 09:43:58

In the first half of 2024, Conch Cement realized an operating income of RMB45.566 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 30.44%, and a net profit attributable to parent company of RMB3.326 billion, representing a year-on-year decrease of 48.56%.

2024-08-30 14:56:13

According to the report, in the second half of 2024, the external environment is still complex and severe, and the operation and development still face many risks and challenges. From the perspective of the industry, in the second half of the year, the marginal demand for cement improved, the supply compression continued to increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the industry was prominent. From the company's point of view, strategic opportunities and risks coexist, uncertainties increase, the complexity and severity of the business situation, the heavy and arduous tasks continue to intensify.

2024-08-27 11:20:44

Yin Zhisong fully affirmed the work of Sinoma Cement in the first half of 2024, pointing out that under the complex and changeable economic environment, all the cadres and staff of Sinoma Cement have made outstanding achievements. Faced with multiple challenges such as slow recovery of domestic demand for basic building materials and complex overseas situations, Sinoma Cement has achieved remarkable results in international development, business performance, management ability and Party building. Yin Zhisong deeply analyzed the new situation and challenges of the cement industry at home and abroad. He stressed that the current economic environment is in a cyclical change. Only by constantly learning and changing, can we accurately grasp the future development situation and implement the internationalization strategy.

2024-08-19 14:53:56

The real value of an enterprise lies not only in its short-term financial performance, but also in its leadership in the industry and its contribution to the future development of the industry. From this perspective, Conch Group still has a long way to go.

2024-08-06 15:02:54

In the first half of 2024, Iran's cement consumption reached 32.17 million tons, an increase of 9.8% over the same period last year.

2024-07-31 17:14:30

It has vigorously promoted "eliminating backwardness, optimizing layout, upgrading technology and eliminating a large number of backward production capacity" and achieved remarkable results.

2024-07-23 14:51:01

European cement prices may exceed 250 euros/ton.

2024-07-17 16:03:36

"Integrated transformation and development, overseas development, new building materials business development, traditional industry + digital innovation".

2024-07-02 10:27:00

Huaxin Cement has formulated the action plan of "improving quality, increasing efficiency and emphasizing returns" in 2024, aiming at implementing the spirit of the Central Conference, responding to the initiative of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, improving the company's quality, investment value and market competitiveness, optimizing its operation and governance, actively returning investors and creating a good image of the capital market.

2024-07-01 17:06:15

For China Building Materials Group, accelerating the development of new quality productivity is the mission and responsibility of implementing the Party Central Committee's decision-making and deployment, and is an urgent need for its own development.

2024-06-26 09:50:59

Strict implementation of off-peak production is an important reason for the rise of local cement prices.

2024-06-18 09:51:24

Taiwan's cement industry has experienced a complete life cycle from germination, growth, prosperity to recession. Study Taiwan cement industry from the development since demand drops period, have draw lessons from a meaning very much to market of current mainland cement.

2024-05-28 11:53:23

Chang An-ping believes that now, 200 years after the invention of Portland cement, there are only two kinds of cement industries left: those who are still waiting to see, those who are still fighting for production, and those who are looking forward to tomorrow, those who are determined to go all the way.

2024-05-24 09:30:01

On May 21, Taiwan Cement Co., Ltd. held a shareholders' meeting to officially announce that Taiwan Cement Co., Ltd., which has a history of 78 years, will become a group holding company after seven years of active low-carbon transformation. Cement Corporation to TCC Group Holdings, a total of 11 industries across the global layout of 13 multinational markets. At the same time, the board of directors elected Zhang Anping as the chairman of Taiwan Cement.

2024-05-23 13:50:00

In fact, I have no secret to do business, if I have to say, I would like to talk about the three basic points of my business: learning, innovation and responsibility. It is these three basic points that make me stick to the enterprise and make some achievements.

2024-05-22 13:16:41

In 2023, the cumulative cement output of Enterprises above the national scale was about 2.023 billion tons, ranking first in the world for 38 consecutive years. Cement production accounts for more than 50% of global production, and annual carbon dioxide emissions exceed 1.2 billion tons.

2024-05-20 10:06:04

In fact, as the largest cement giant in China with complete industrial chain and national layout, the future development of Tianshan shares is also highly expected by the market. After the seasonal factors are gradually cleared, the company's cost reduction and cost control effect will be further transformed into profit momentum, combined with the performance commitment compensation landing, the company may usher in market value revaluation. With the acceleration of the company's internal optimization of quality and efficiency and the transformation of digital intelligence, the release of profit expectations driven by overseas layout and aggregate business, the growth space of Tianshan shares is worth looking forward to by the market.

2024-04-30 11:04:11

After the completion of the transaction, Jidong Cement holds 100% equity interest in China-Africa Building Materials.

2024-04-28 17:33:55

In the face of unprecedented changes in the world in a century, in order to better cope with risks and challenges and seize development opportunities, we must plan, act and act according to the situation.

2024-04-23 09:17:14

Looking forward to 2024, CNBM will continue to unswervingly promote the implementation of internationalization strategy, promote the internationalization of all business, all processes and all elements, comprehensively strengthen the construction of overseas compliance risk control system, and take various measures to achieve high-quality development of international business.

2024-04-16 10:11:46

In the downward cycle of demand, price is the basis of share and sales volume. The price of sacrifice can be compared with the cost reduction. If the cost is reduced by 20 yuan and the price is reduced by 100 yuan, can the benefit recover?

2024-04-16 09:26:17

On April 8, 2023, China National Building Material Company Limited held its 2023 annual performance conference in Hong Kong. At the meeting, the company's top management shared the highlights of its performance and future development strategy. In 2023, the company's operating income reached 210.2 billion yuan, and the net profit of the parent company was 3.86 billion yuan. The company will accelerate the transformation and upgrading, continue to promote the development of basic building materials, new materials, engineering and technical services, and emphasize the internationalization strategy and the interests of shareholders. It has implemented the "14th Five-Year" international development plan, promoted green development, improved shareholder returns, and planned to increase the dividend rate to 50%. The company's management communicated with investors and analysts on various aspects, and about 70 well-known investment banks and analysts attended the meeting.

2024-04-09 09:19:56

Zheng Jianhui expects cement demand to decline by at least 3% in 2024.

2024-04-03 15:12:49

In 2024, what are the development plans and layouts of the major cement enterprises in the market? According to the annual report of the enterprise, the following are arranged..

2024-04-03 13:45:12

Xinjiang Tianfeng Investment Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shangfeng Building Materials, intends to acquire 100% equity of Xinjiang Bohai Cement Co., Ltd.

2024-04-03 10:07:10

Although the current "Belt and Road" countries still have a large market demand, they should also be alert to the hidden risks and challenges. Cement enterprises should not only learn to recognize gold, but also guard against dangerous reefs on the seabed.

2024-03-21 17:31:55

Up to now, Conch Cement has accumulated 13.888 million tons of clinker production capacity overseas, ranking first in the overseas production capacity of Chinese cement enterprises.

2024-03-20 11:44:32

From the perspective of the main direction of going to sea, China's cement enterprises focus on the layout of Southeast Asia, Central Asia and other countries along the Belt and Road; from the perspective of the route of going to sea, most enterprises mainly build their own production lines.

2024-03-19 16:34:55

Special cement is the advantage of Yufeng Group.

2024-03-14 14:53:31

Specialized institutions should also be established to accelerate the process of international testing, evaluation and certification of new green materials. Focusing on application norms, technology integration, standard establishment, certification and identification, we should gather resources and concentrate our efforts to build an international standard working mechanism with government guidance, enterprise main body and industry-university-research linkage, strengthen all-round benchmarking and systematic integration at home and abroad, break through institutional obstacles, and let green materials, green products and green standards go to the world.

2024-03-11 09:38:19

On March 7, Tan Hua, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of China Gezhouba Group, went to the cement company for investigation, emphasizing that we should keep up with the pace of development of the "three new" energy construction, take the lead in accelerating the "four major transformations", continue to write brilliant, and make new and greater contributions to the high-quality development of China's energy construction with new achievements and breakthroughs.

2024-03-08 14:44:41

Recently, Yin Zhisong, Party Secretary and Chairman of Sinoma International, met with Mr. Saad Fayeq Mohammed, Chairman of Iraq DCC Company and his delegation at the headquarters.

2024-03-05 09:32:00

Cement export is expected to become an important way to resolve the serious overcapacity of cement production in the coastal and border areas of Northeast China.

2024-03-04 09:11:33

In order to achieve the international development goal of "rebuilding a Chinese building material overseas" in 10 years, we will write a new chapter of high-quality development belonging to South African companies.

2024-03-01 10:55:13

Sinoma International (600970) released a record of investor relations activities on February 26, and the company was surveyed by seven institutions on February 23, 2024, including insurance companies, fund companies and securities companies.

2024-02-27 13:39:27

The subordinate units of Gezhouba Cement Company earnestly studied and comprehended the spirit of the meeting at the first time, and expressed that they should keep up with the pace of the company's reform and development, maintain a vigorous and popular style, a realistic and pragmatic attitude, and dare to do good deeds, and implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Committee and the company to the letter, so as to make unremitting efforts for the company to build a first-class building materials provider with high-quality development!

2024-02-23 10:12:52

The author believes that the expansion of the "concrete city" model also reflects the change of the unequal relationship between the North and the South in the world. In the past, multinational companies grabbed a lot of investment and trade gains, but under the new capitalism of "combination of government and business" in Africa, local political and business elites have risen and formed alliance networks, among which the best have even begun to launch reverse m ergers and reshape "North-South relations". With the retreat of neoliberal influence, a new governance model seems to be emerging in West Africa: the government centralizes the promotion of infrastructure projects, enterprises respond to the call to speed up the landing, and the people vote according to the results of their achievements.

2024-02-07 09:41:37

On February 2, China Gezhouba Cement Co., Ltd. held the Second Session of the Third Workers' Congress and the 2024 Working Conference.

2024-02-02 17:00:29

On January 30, 2024, Conch Group held the 2024 Working Conference and the Second Session of the Fourth Workers'Congress at its headquarters.

2024-01-31 10:30:23

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating its evolution, major frontier technologies and subversive technologies continue to emerge, and the integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development is deepening, which has led to the emergence of new industrial development directions such as the meta-universe, humanoid robots, brain-computer interfaces, quantum information and so on. Vigorously cultivating future industries has become a strategic choice to lead scientific and technological progress, promote industrial upgrading, open up new tracks and shape new quality productivity.

2024-01-29 21:18:22

What impact will this have on the depressed industry and Huaxin? Is "going out" a good medicine to resolve overcapacity?

2024-01-28 08:40:41

It is proposed that by 2026, important progress will be made in the digital transformation of China's raw material industry.

2024-01-26 00:13:23

On the afternoon of January 22, Sinoma International Nanjing 2024 Annual Working Conference and the Fifth Session of the Eighth Workers'Congress were held in Nanjing.

2024-01-23 15:54:02

Accelerating the Transformation and Upgrading of Basic Building Materials in New Industries

2024-01-21 21:04:13

In order to survive and develop in the fierce market competition, cement enterprises must abandon the illusion of relying on others to "give" opportunities, and win the recognition and respect of the market through self-innovation and promotion.