according to local media reports. Led to the blackout in Spain on April 28.
REE did not name the facility at a news conference, citing "confidentiality," but said it was suspected of causing " forced frequency oscillations .". At the same time, REE requested an investigation into the "failure" of the facility. A few hours after the
REE press conference, Iberdrola issued a statement expressing "shock". The statement noted that the grid system operator had confused " the consequences and causes of the outage.". The statement also accused the grid operator of " acting negligently and recklessly" and " failing to fulfill its primary responsibility of guaranteeing the continuity and security of power supply and to properly coordinate the production system and the transmission grid .".
Iberdrola pointed out that the system showed insufficient voltage control capability of the grid system, and pointed out that on April 27, the day before the blackout, REE planned to operate 10 synchronous power plants with voltage regulation capability on April 28. "The number of synchronous power plants finally connected is the lowest level since the beginning of this year." The view that Spain's blackout was caused by insufficient
voltage control capacity has also been recognized by relevant Spanish departments.
On June 18, Spain's Minister of Ecological Transformation, Sara Ogerson, presented a report on Spain's power crisis on April 28, pointing out that the blackout was caused by many factors: inadequate voltage control capacity, fluctuations caused by system limitations, And "clearly inappropriate" power generation interruptions.
In short, the voltage was not regulated and several generators failed to operate as required due to poor planning by the system operators.
Ogeson detailed several anomalies in the power system on April 27 and the morning of the blackout. "There was an unstable situation at 9 a.m.," she said, adding, "There were a lot of calls from the control center."
But she explained that the power outage on the day of the accident was caused by " overvoltage phenomena, chain reactions and power generation outages, which led to further power outages ".
Ogerson believes that the primary factor is that the Spanish grid system lacks sufficient dynamic voltage control capability. "The generating units that are supposed to control the voltage are not absorbing all the reactive power that would be expected in a high voltage environment," she said. She was referring to synchronous power plants (nuclear and hydro) and combined cycle plants that failed to absorb voltage as expected and caused excessive voltage.
The Spanish photovoltaic association UNEF points out: "The thermal generators that are supposed to control the voltage and therefore receive economic compensation are not absorbing electricity.". In a high voltage environment, all of the expected reactive power is absorbed.
The second factor concerns system oscillations. Corrective actions were taken by the operator, but these actions increased the system pressure. Grid operator REE "has enough generating capacity to cope",
Mr Ogerson said. "But the power system operator had not scheduled the full amount of generation needed to control the overvoltage event the day before."
Third, the generator was cut off due to the safety trip caused by the sustained high voltage before the blackout. At 12:33 pm (Central European Daylight Time) on the same day, several power plants tripped outside the acceptable operating range, Mr Augerson said.
In addition, the UN Energy Foundation points out that existing photovoltaic technology can already control voltage, but current regulations prevent it from being used for this purpose . "It is also time to accelerate the implementation of other existing technologies that are essential for maintaining stable voltage levels, managing volatility and ensuring energy security based on renewable energy sources," the
Spanish Photovoltaic Association said. For example, grid-connected inverters (pending European regulatory approval) and energy storage .
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