宋少民:构筑我国砂石产业高质量发展新格局的九点建议

2021-07-14 16:26:01

我国砂石骨料行业处于工业化初期阶段,工业化体系初步建成,今后10年必须不断夯实工业体系的基础。这是砂石骨料行业健康高质量有序发展的基础。

牢固树立“以机制砂石为主体,以天然砂石、尾矿砂石为辅助”的砂石骨料产业和供应体系发展理念。以河道生态保护和重塑为原则,科学、合理、有序开采河砂;随着机制骨料产能和供应规模的不断增大,海砂采区的释放要逐渐收紧,并严厉打击盗采海砂的行为和渠道。我国砂石骨料行业处于工业化初期阶段,工业化体系初步建成,今后10年必须不断夯实工业体系的基础。这是砂石骨料行业健康高质量有序发展的基础。

一、推进砂石行业工业化体系建设

1.砂石加工企业必须建设和完善实验室及质量控制体系,做到出厂产品的检测,推行合格证制度,并且逐步减少产品的质量波动。

2.形成完善、适用和先进的标准规范体系,确保引领和促进行业高质量发展,为混凝土产业提供更多的高品质骨料,保障其品牌化建设,提升建筑工程质量。

3.形成比较明确的砂石生产线设计路线、原则和典型模式,减少和杜绝目前设计中的通病和典型问题。做到砂石产品关键参数的可控可调,实现生产线稳定、可靠、低能耗运行。

4.围绕砂石骨料生产破碎整形、级配调整、质量监测、粉尘收集、废水处理、物料储运等核心技术环节,推动装备技术持续创新。

5.提高从业人员专业知识和素质,有计划对从业人员进行专业培训和技能竞赛。

6.提升砂石行业企业管理水平,改变目前粗放的管理模式,实现有秩序和精细化管理。

7.逐渐形成以大中型企业为主体的产业结构模式,不断提高对装备和工艺水平、绿色生产、生态恢复、产品质量、人员队伍的要求,挤压和淘汰小、乱、差加工企业。

二、建立和完善砂石材料的科学技术体系,实现科技引领

砂石产业是一个多学科交叉的庞大科学和技术体系,必须明确砂石骨料的物理、化学和加工属性,将矿物与采矿、机械制作、工艺设计、无机非金属材料、交通运输、土木工程、生态环境、林业、农业、生物学等多个学科有机组合、衔接,建立砂石骨料的科学和技术体系,在各个环节鼓励科技创新,支撑融合发展。

逐步推进建立行业的研究开发、设计、生产、质量控制、标准等完整的工业体系。为了鼓励行业科技创新,鼓励建立砂石骨料行业大数据平台,推动建设集石矿开采、加工、储运高度集成化、自动化、规模化、绿色环保、节能减排和废弃物回收再利用的现代化中大型企业。未来几年,砂石骨料产业的科技进步将比其他建材产业的发展速度要快得多,转型升级、创新发展势在必行。

三、科学合理布局,抑制局部地区产能过剩

我国目前局部地区已经出现过度投放矿山开采权的情况,有些县级区域,投放十几个矿山,政府矿权招投标要考虑砂石供求大局,天价矿权不仅大大增加了砂石骨料制造成本,而且过度造成生态环境的损伤和修复压力,造成浪费和产能过剩。对于这种情况行业应设定区域砂石骨料产能布局的原则和上限,向政府和行业预警、通报产能布局过度的区域,抑制全行业盲目扩大产能的风险,并进行科学合理布局。

四、提高行业准入门槛,着力打造砂石骨料主流供应渠道

目前砂石骨料对建筑工程的威胁主要来自混乱、失控的供应链,行业没有一个保证产品质量和绿色生产与运输的供应渠道。建议大城市可采用“北京模式”,住建部门牵头有计划地建立有资质、可追溯的建设用砂石供应链,采取“先立后破”的方法,环都市建设和形成大型现代化砂石供应基地,途径是砂石企业通过砂石骨料第三方机构绿色生产与运输评价,住建委授予绿色砂石供应基地,获得准入资格。当主供应渠道满足建设市场需求时,淘汰没有准入资格的企业,重塑高品质绿色砂石骨料供应链。中小城市和县级区域,按照市场需求,可以政府主导或鼓励有实力的企业合并重组形成中大型砂石加工加工企业,严格规范与管理,打击、淘汰小、乱、差企业,建立绿色、高质量、价格合理、市场有序竞争的砂石骨料供应链。

五、大力推进绿色矿山建设水平

砂石行业必须认真贯彻和践行“两山论”思想,不断形成和丰富绿色矿山(或绿色生产线)的新思路、新模式、新技术、新方法,建设一批砂石骨料国家级绿色矿山,示范引领全行业绿色发展。在绿色矿山建设中不断实践中国砂石协会提出的“砂石4.0+”发展模式,全行业树立一大批“绿色生产和生态修复”样板企业。

六、提升规模化优质产能,让高品质骨料走入混凝土企业

砂石质量对于现代混凝土和工程质量的重要意义和影响已经众所周知,2019年和2020年两个多部委联合发布的引领性文件都强调尽快形成规模化优质产能,实现高品质骨料的大量生产和供应。必须树立“产品质量是高质量发展的根本标志”意识,改变和肃清石屑披着机制砂的外衣混入砂石骨料供应链的情况,让合格和高品质骨料大量进入混凝土企业,成为主体。争取3年至5年内,高品质骨料形成规模化产能,切实改变人们对机制砂的认知,支撑基础设施建设,保障混凝土质量,提高工程质量。

七、大力推动砂石制造业的智能化水平

通过数字化智能制造与高品质骨料加工理论和技术的系统研究,推动产业现代化、集约化、标准化、生态化是保证砂石行业高质量发展的重要途径和手段。提出和建立高品质砂石骨料智能制造关键理论和成套技术,需要多项研究成果支撑,包括与砂石骨料关键制造技术相关的理论、装备、工艺、产品检测与评价等多个方面,必须进行专题科学研究与创新。这是今后若干年行业高质量发展的重要方向之一。

建设现代化的砂石骨料及破碎装备企业。智能制造正在改变未来,将引发制造业革命,它不仅是单一设备的智能化,而且是贯穿产品设计、生产、销售、管理、服务等全生命周期的智能化。

八、未来砂石骨料产业链的模式

混凝土主要由砂石骨料、水泥和外加剂等构成。其中砂石骨料所占比例达到70%以上,水泥熟料和外加剂所占比例很小。未来行业的竞争,不单是产品或是渠道的竞争,而是将资源有效整合成体系的竞争,以砂石骨料生产基地为中心,砂石、混凝土为主体的产业链,合理利用机制砂石骨料生产过程中的低吸附性石粉作为掺合料,同时降低运输成本。未来砂石骨料产业理想的模式将是:砂石骨料生产基地+粉磨站+混凝土搅拌站+固废资源再利用+物流运输等一体化的产业结构。

九、加强国际交流合作,为世界砂石骨料业发展提供中国方案

近年来,我国砂石行业积极开展国际交流与合作,与国际砂石行业GAIN组织有着密切交流,也得到国际同行的关注与高度认可。今后随着我国砂石行业的不断发展,结合“一带一路”建设,中国砂石发展的途径和模式将对世界砂石材料界的发展提供借鉴和样板。同时,我国砂石业也更多融入世界砂石相关学术、产业组织,交流互动,取人之长,创新发展。适度加大东南沿海地区天然河砂的进口,缓解基础设施建设砂石骨料供应的压力。

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Correlation

Recently, due to the persistent cost pressure in the south, the price of concrete has risen slightly with the raw materials, but the growth of market demand is limited, and the overall quotation is still stable. From October 31 to November 6, the national concrete price index closed at 112.47 points, up 0.31% annually and down 10.11% year-on-year.

2024-11-08 17:41:17

In October, with the gradual decline of the national temperature, the northern project came to an end, and there was a small-scale rush to work in some areas, while the southern construction activities increased, the demand warmed up, and the shipment volume increased slightly. On the supply side, a number of sand and gravel aggregate projects have been successfully put into operation, production capacity has been released rapidly, sand and gravel prices have stopped falling slightly, and have entered a narrow range of volatility.

2024-11-05 11:42:36

Recently, the domestic temperature has dropped, local demand has dropped compared with the previous period, and the price of concrete market is mainly in a narrow range. From October 24 to October 30, the national concrete price index closed at 112.12 points, down 0.02% annually and 10.33% year-on-year.

2024-11-01 01:06:33

Recently, the construction in the south is relatively active, the local market demand is warming up, coupled with the increasing pressure on the cost side, the market price trend is stable and small. From October 17 to October 23, the national concrete price index closed at 112.14 points, down 0.02% annually and 10.65% year-on-year.

2024-10-25 17:29:24

With the improvement of weather conditions, the domestic market demand has improved as a whole in the near future, but it is still difficult to reach the peak season level in previous years. Concrete enterprises mainly ship at stable prices, and there are still some downward adjustments. From October 10 to October 16, the national concrete price index closed at 112.16 points, down 0.59% annually and 10.64% year-on-year.

2024-10-18 17:28:46

After the National Day, the domestic concrete market demand rebounded slightly, but the total amount is still relatively weak, concrete enterprises are mainly shipping at stable prices, and have not yet followed the rise of raw materials. From October 3 to October 9, the national concrete price index closed at 112.82 points, in line with the National Day holiday, with a year-on-year decline of 10.21%.

2024-10-12 17:25:54

Recently, the domestic market demand has recovered slightly compared with the previous period, but the overall level is still significantly lower than same period in previous years, and the price of concrete before the Mid-Autumn Festival is mainly a smooth transition. From September 5th to September 11th, the national concrete price index closed at 113.17 points, and the ring ratio remained stable, with a year-on-year decline of 10.81%.

2024-09-14 19:27:38

Recently, the price of raw materials has shown an upward trend again, but due to the lack of new orders in the concrete market and the fierce competition among enterprises, the focus of transactions continues to decline steadily. From August 29 to September 4, the national concrete price index closed at 113.17 points, down 0.45% annually and 11.09% year-on-year.

2024-09-06 17:22:16

Domestic construction conditions have not been significantly improved, coupled with insufficient new projects in most regions, the concrete market is still flat. From July 25th to July 31st, the national concrete price index closed at 115.36 points, down 0.59% from the previous month.

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Demand is declining, supply is increasing, and the price of sand and gravel industry is adjusted in an all-round way.

2024-07-31 15:56:20

Rainfall continued in many parts of the country, local typhoons invaded, downstream construction was slow, and concrete prices fell steadily. From July 18th to July 24th, the national concrete price index closed at 116.05 points, down 0.58%.

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Some regions in China are affected by high temperature and rain weather, coupled with insufficient new projects, the price of concrete is weakening. From July 11th to July 17th, the national concrete price index closed at 116.73 points, down 0.47% from the previous month.

2024-07-19 17:35:12

Recently, the domestic rain belt has moved northward, the market demand in most regions is still weak, and the price of concrete is stable and weak. From July 4th to July 10th, the national concrete price index closed at 117.28 points, down 0.54% from the previous month.

2024-07-12 17:29:18

Many places in China reported that the rain weather increased, the market demand was weak, and the price of concrete was weak. From June 13th to June 19th, the national concrete price index closed at 118.15 points, down 0.20% from the previous month.

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After the festival, the market demand in most regions tends to be weak, and the focus of concrete transactions is mainly stable. As of June 12, the national concrete price index closed at 118.39 points, down 0.03% annually and 12.69% year-on-year.

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Recently, domestic demand is still relatively flat, the cost pressure of mixing stations is increasing, and the Northeast continues to rise. As of June 7, the national concrete price index closed at 118.42 points, down 0.11% annually and 13.07% year-on-year.

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By the end of April 2024, the National Gravel Price Index (CSPI) closed at 82.95 points, down 0.73% annually and 4.24% year-on-year. The National Machine-Made Sand Price Index (MSPI) closed at 85.95 points, down 1.34% month-on-month and 7.87% year-on-year..

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In 2023, the aggregate sales volume of China Resources Building Materials Technology was 45.583 million tons, an increase of 201.5% over 2022. Gross profit margin of aggregates was 54.3%.

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2024-05-06 18:10:56

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