[原创]2016年西南地区水泥市场:旺季突出,淡季不显

2017-01-17 13:18:52

西南地区2016年的水泥市场与全国其他地区一样止跌回暖,并且接近于全国平均水平。相对于其他地区,西南地区并没有明显的水泥市场淡季,而旺季依旧突出,主要是在年底冬季,需求仍然相对较充分。区域内水泥大企业较多,虽然没有企业拥有绝对的市场控制能力,但是大企业之间以及企业内部的协同能力加强,有利于缓解恶性竞争,维护水泥市场行情稳定发展。

  西南地区东临中南地区,北依西北地区。包括四川省、贵州省、云南省、西藏自治区、重庆直辖市五个省(区、市)。西南地区地形结构复杂,主要以高原、山地、丘陵为主,包括巴蜀盆地及周边山地、云贵高原和青藏高原,使得本地矿产资源种类丰富,储量大。本地区大江大河众多,部分水域水流平缓,水运便利,其中区域北部主要以长江流域的河流为主,特别是重庆地区部分水泥可以顺流直下直达上海,水运基础设施条件成熟,区域东南部珠江途经云南、贵州连接珠三角地区,而南部红河等跨国河流也为跨国贸易提供了水运条件,虽然部分河流水运条件还不完善,但还是为西南地区未来水泥市场延伸带来更多的可能性。气候方面,西南地区气候潮湿,雨季较多,还有高原寒冷,这对水泥的生产、运输、储存和需求都造成不同程度的影响。由于西南地区复杂的地质条件,自古以来就是一个相对封闭的区域,特别是陆上交通发展相对落后于其他地区,水泥市场的发展也不可避免受到一定的限制。

  西南地区独特的地质条件和气候特征,使得区域内水泥行业的发展基础条件明显区别于其他地区,再加上西南地区相对于中东部经济发展速度相对较慢,即使是在区域内各省市之间的经济发展也存在着明显的差异,造就了本地区独特的水泥市场状况。本文将总结分析2016年西南地区的水泥市场行情与发展状况。

一、市场供需状况

1.1 房产投资波动后趋稳,施工面积几无变化

  2016年西南地区固定投资完成额同比小幅上扬,整体水平稳定在15%上下,区域内固定投资增长速度稳定。全年房地产投资完成额也保持着同比正增长,但是年内有一定的涨跌波动,一季度同比增速回升较快,到四月份达到5.67%的同比增速,成为年内同比增速最大值,之后走势一路向下,到八月份只有2.75%的增速水平,抵年内最低点,最后回暖稳定在3%上下。西南地区2016年施工面积与前一年基本持平,年初有一定的同比正增长,之后同比增速缓慢下滑,年末低值同比小幅负增长水平。新开工面积在一季度同比正增长,三月份达到最高值,之后持续下跌,五月开始同比负增长,全年新开工面积少于去年同期水平5%左右。2016年竣工面积同比持续正增长,全年同比增速波动比较大,年初和年末分别为最高和最低增速水平。销售面积同比增速稳定,一直保持在20%左右。

  图1:西南地区固定投资和房地产投资累计值和同比(%,亿元)


  数据来源:国家统计局

  图2:施工、新开工、竣工和销售面积与同比(万平方米,%)


  数据来源:国家统计局

1.2 产能发挥率平平,产量同比稳步上涨

  根据中国水泥网数据,2016年西南地区水泥熟料产能达3.5亿吨。其中,四川地区熟料产能最多,超过1.1亿吨,占西南地区32.49%,西藏地区熟料产能最少,只有341万吨,占西南地区不到百分之一。区域内前十大水泥企业熟料产能占西南地区68.21%,中国建材占比最多,达到了26.74%,其次是海螺水泥,有11.2%的比重,华新水泥在收购拉法基在西南地区水泥业务后在区域内熟料产能上升至第三名,占比8.53%。

  图3:西南地区各省熟料产能占比


  数据来源:中国水泥网,中国水泥研究院

  图4:西南地区熟料产能前十水泥企业占比


  数据来源:中国水泥网,中国水泥研究院

  2016年第一季度西南地区水泥、熟料产量同比由负转正,增速明显,随后增速减缓但持续上升,年底双双接近同比10%的水平,西南地区除年初受寒潮影响产量较低外,全年产量同比增速并没有出现淡旺季明显的上下波动。

  从熟料产能发挥率上来看,西南地区整体不高,只有72.75%。其中,在产量比产能的计算方式下,西藏地区的比值高于100%,说明西藏地区在熟料产能充分利用的基础上,还从青海格尔木等地流入了部分熟料。西南地区四川的熟料产能发挥率最低,只有66.28%,当地的产能过剩问题最为严重。此外,除西藏地区较特殊以外,重庆地区在区域内熟料产能发挥率最高,这与直辖市较快的经济发展速度不无关系。

  图5:西南地区水泥、熟料的产量和同比增速(%,万吨)


  数据来源:国家统计局

  图6:西南地区熟料产能发挥率


  数据来源:中国水泥网,中国水泥研究院

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