调价窗口期提前半月打开 水泥行业下半年如何走?

2021-08-18 09:20:13

不过,水泥大数据研究院李坤明认为,总体来看,基建投资加速推进,水泥产量保持增长;水泥价格先抑后扬,有望超越去年同期。但是,成本持续攀升,利润仍将下滑。

从今年5月开始进入持续下跌通道的水泥价格,终于进入反弹周期。在7月底筑底之后,水泥价格企稳并持续上行。8月17日,全国水泥价格指数(CEMPI)报收146.04。

与之相伴随的是,全国多个地区水泥企业纷纷发布公告,上调水泥出厂价格。记者梳理发现,华东、西南市场上调幅度最高。广西南宁、玉林等地区自7月底以来已上调2次水泥价格,累计涨幅达100元/吨。四川南充地区、云南大理地区部分水泥品牌价格上涨50元/吨。

业内人士接受记者采访时表示,8月份是水泥行业传统淡旺季转换过渡月份,水泥企业通常会进入调价窗口。但是今年受错峰、限电、原燃材料价格上涨、需求向好等因素带动,调价窗口期提前到8月初,即水泥价格提前了半个月就开始上涨。

多位分析人士预计,水泥价格在8月企稳后会逐步展开反弹,行情在10月、11月进入需求旺季后会出现一波上涨。上述人士表示,“今年上半年上升较快的煤炭成本和低位运行的水泥价格,吃掉了部分企业的部分利润空间,导致行业盈利能力有所下降。随着水泥价格进入上升通道,预计下半年水泥行业盈利空间有所改善”。

随着多地一系列重大项目的密集开工,以及错峰、局部限电等供给侧约束,8月以来,前期水泥价格回落幅度较大的区域,开始反弹,开启上升节奏。

7月31日,安徽集中开工重大项目227个,总投资达到1064亿元。传导到上游市场的表现就是,安徽、江苏等地水泥价格最先调价,上调幅度在20-30元/吨。

相比之下,华东、西南等地上调幅度更为明显。8月15日,贵州省水泥工业协会发布公告,要求三季度错峰生产30天。叠加贵州地区限电影响,为提升盈利,贵州省内大部分地区主要厂家提前就上调了水泥价格,上调幅度每吨30到60元不等。

同样的场景也出现在山东。更早的7月30日,山东省水泥行业协会即发布公告,要求8月11日至8月30日,山东省水泥熟料企业的熟料生产线将陆续实行为期二十天的错峰生产。与此同时,山东省有720个重大项目集中开工,总投资4328亿元,单体平均投资超过6亿元。8月11日开始,山东地区部分水泥厂家通知各品种水泥价格上调,涨幅在30元/吨。

在广西的南宁、崇左、玉林、贵港、北海等地区,继7月底至8月初上调水泥价50元/吨后,8月11日起部分主要厂家继续通知大幅上调水泥价格50元/吨,2次上调后累计涨幅已达100元/吨。

影响水泥价格的另一个因素也发生了改变。往年相对低价的进口水泥熟料会给沿海市场价格上涨造成一定抑制作用,但是今年不断上涨的航运价格,使得水泥熟料进口量增速放缓,难以形成对市场价格的冲击。

据另一分析人士介绍,我国水泥熟料进口80%来自于越南。今年受疫情影响国际航运价格快速上涨,由越南运至我国东部沿海的海运费由2.2美元/吨上涨至最高5.4美元/吨,创10年来新高。受此影响,今年上半年进口水泥熟料到岸价格同比上涨22%,进口量同比增加11%,相较于前两年上半年150%和22%的增速明显放缓。

而今年5月工信部、国家发改委等七部门联合发布的《关于提升水泥产品质量规范水泥市场秩序的意见》,也增大了海外企业向我国出口水泥熟料的国际贸易风险与成本。他认为,中短期会加强出口商的观望情绪,限制我国进口水泥规模的进一步扩大,预计今年进口水泥不会构成需求回暖后沿海水泥市场价格上涨的阻力因素。

不过,上半年高位运行的煤炭成本和低位运行的水泥价格,已经让多家水泥上市企业感受到压力。水泥大数据研究院数据显示,2021年上半年,水泥平均价格为461.3元/吨,较去年同期基本持平,但动力煤平均价816.5元/吨,较去年同期542.8元/吨涨了50.4%。受此影响,今年上半年全国水泥行业实现销售收入4836亿元,同比增长13.2%,实现利润730亿元,同比下降7.2%。

这一影响在已经公布期中成绩单的水泥上市公司中也表现明显。华润水泥刚刚公布的半年报显示,今年上半年,华润水泥营业额167.8亿元,同比增长19.5%,同期盈利30.2亿元,同比下降13.3%。

对于利润下滑的原因,华润水泥在半年报中表示,今年以来,粤东区域市场水泥价格继续低位运行,受大宗商品价格持续上涨导致部分已开工项目施工放缓,并叠加房地产持续调控影响,水泥需求提前回落,导致水泥价格自5月中下旬开始见顶回落。

报告期内,该公司水泥平均销售价格较上年同期下降了12.13%。受煤炭价格上涨的影响,公司水泥平均销售成本较上年同期上升了3.06%,叠加影响下使得公司综合毛利率下降,水泥产品盈利水平下滑。

另一水泥企业塔牌集团也遭遇到同样的问题。半年报显示,该公司实现营业收入36.34亿元,同比增长29.80%;归属于上市公司股东的净利润9.15亿元,同比下降0.46%。该公司水泥平均销售价格同比下降12.13%,但是得益于文福万吨线项目二期产能的完全释放,叠加上年同期基数较低影响,水泥产销量大幅增长49.39%,抵销了水泥价格大幅下降的影响。

不过,接受记者采访的多位分析人士认为,稳定的需求对今年下半年水泥价格回升构成支撑。预计8月下旬或月底,市场将逐步走出淡季,下游需求将会有明显提升,后期水泥价格将会呈现持续攀升态势为主。预计水泥价格在10月、11月进入需求旺季后会出现一波反弹上涨行情,同时缓解水泥企业的盈利压力。

不过,水泥大数据研究院李坤明认为,总体来看,基建投资加速推进,水泥产量保持增长;水泥价格先抑后扬,有望超越去年同期。但是,成本持续攀升,利润仍将下滑。

相关数据显示,进入8月份以来,除少数长期协议煤价之外,大部分煤企的坑口煤价已涨到每吨800-900元的历史高位区间,而港口煤价因为叠加运费等因素涨幅更大。

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Correlation

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2024-07-26 17:06:09

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