水泥:只有“打”出来的天下 没有“让”出来的利益!

2019-11-11 09:20:14

看似行情大好的水泥行业,在相对平静的水面下仍然是暗流涌动。从2016年的“寒冬”破冰而来,在利润不断攀升的背景下,大家似乎已经渐渐遗忘了以往需求惨淡下的“你死我活”,用一派表面平和的景象维持着行业当前局面。

  日前,多家水泥企业发布三季度业绩报告,不出意外,全部喜讯……其中,行业龙头企业之一的海螺水泥在三季报中表示,2019年前三季度,海螺水泥实现营业收入破千亿,达到1107.56亿元,同比增长42.37%;归属于上市公司股东净利润238.16亿元,同比增长14.96%。前三季度基本每股收益为4.49元,同比增长14.96%。

  实际上,近年来国内水泥价格持续高涨,据中国水泥网数据显示,从2016年2月到目前全国水泥价格指数上涨73,涨幅达到94%左右。在利润方面,1-9月,全国水泥行业实现营业收入7199亿元,同比增长14.3%,比整个工业增速高9.8个百分点,利润总额1318亿元,同比增长25.3%,比整个工业增速高27.4个百分点。

  然而,看似行情大好的水泥行业,在相对平静的水面下仍然是暗流涌动。从2016年的“寒冬”破冰而来,在利润不断攀升的背景下,大家似乎已经渐渐遗忘了以往需求惨淡下的“你死我活”,用一派表面平和的景象维持着行业当前局面。

  行业产能严重过剩,涨价是否可持续?

  是强劲的市场需求带动了水泥价格的上涨,创造利润新高吗?

  恰恰相反,水泥行业漂亮的成绩单背后,是严重的产能过剩问题。资料显示,水泥的全国平均产能利用率约在66%左右,处于历史最低位,有些地区的产能利用率甚至只有30%。

  在产能过剩严重背景下,水泥价格的不断上涨归因于几个方面:一是错峰生产常态化,错峰生产本意是为了避免采暖期水泥生产污染物与采暖锅炉排放叠加,减轻大气污染问题,但目前某些地区错峰生产很大程度上已心知肚明成为了当地调节供需关系的有效手段。二是经历了前些年的行业大低谷之后,行业新秩序正在逐步建立,企业间竞合关系逐步形成,市场稳定性正在增强。三是环保限产,伴随着蓝天保卫战、环保督察等一系列环保政策的推进,要求水泥企业在特定时间内停产或者进行环保改造,水泥供给受限,企业运营成本随之增加。这种情形下,企业会通过涨价来转嫁成本。

  当前的水泥是否具有可持续性,影响价格稳定的痛点是什么?

  以贵州为例,由于贵州往年基建进度快,投资大,一定程度上提前消耗了水泥需求潜力。进入2019年以来,随着扶贫攻坚工作的逐步收尾,贵州水泥需求步入下行周期,甚至被认为已步入东北断崖式下滑的后尘,水泥价格也一蹶不振。

  此外,贵州经济发展水平偏低,也导致水泥需求后续缺少支撑,加之产能严重过剩,今年以来贵州水泥行情几乎呈现一路下滑态势。相关数据显示:今年1-9月份贵州全省综合销量约7050万吨(其中包含1000万吨省外输出销量),产能利用率为65.7%,省内需求对产能使用率为56.4%,销量同比下滑10%,市场需求同比下滑26%。

  与全国水泥普涨截然相反的是贵州区域日前再现年内最低价水泥——180元/吨。较此前价格直降100元/吨左右,引起各方人士的普遍关注。而此次降价据悉是贵州区域一龙头企业采取不跟随其他企业一同涨跌的措施,意欲争夺更多市场份额。

  市场需求的不足,产能的严重过剩,叠加区域企业竞合关系变化,贵州区域的水泥价格大跌似乎在情理之中。这也给全国水泥行业敲响警钟,产能过剩问题就像一颗足以打破市场格局的定时炸弹,若不能从根本上解决,行业利润恐怕难以保持高增长。

  水泥企业何去何从?

  水泥行情大好给了竞争力相对较差的水泥企业一棵救命稻草,部分前些年已经停产或濒临停产的企业重新焕发生机,在当前利润日益增高的情况下也分得一杯羹。

  但需要指出的是,这些企业的获利某种程度上更像是龙头企业致力于提升行业效益后的“施舍”,在市场需求尚未断崖前形成的竞合关系让这些企业获利颇丰,但倘若市场需求的下滑,以及产能过剩的严峻性已经无法通过水泥价格的上涨来转移困境,利益面前,这些竞争力较差的企业是否能安然无恙?

  而另一方面,在目前的市场环境下,这些竞争力较差的企业之所以能够赚钱,主要在于其大量消耗自然环境资源,本质上是不公平竞争。随着国家和地区政府对于环保指标的监管日益严苛,这些企业在技术改进和资金投入方面会面临巨大的威胁和挑战,在市场份额竞争中将失去自己的优势。

  综上,笔者认为,在当前行情形势大好,各大水泥龙头企业纷纷通过产能置换新建、扩建竞争力更强的水泥熟料生产线之际,那些竞争力相对较弱的水泥企业或可通过收购、重组等方式退出水泥行业,在竞争还没有“头破血流”之前,将自己“卖出”好价钱不失为企业战略转型的一种有效途径。

  同时,水泥行业呈周期性发展,未来可能会有一个滑坡期,所以水泥企业更应眼光长远,提前布局,紧握当下利润稳上升的良好形势,在市场洗牌前提高自己的核心竞争力。一是要下足本钱,提升自身的技术装备,实现多功能并向高端高质量发展;二是深化去产能工作,推进企业超低排放、绿色矿山建设,以及绿色化、智能化改造等,在市场“寒冬”到来之前切实提高自己的竞争力。

  天下熙熙皆为利来,天下攘攘皆为利往。任何行业在市场经济面前,只有“打”出来的天下,没有“让”出来的利益!行业的趋好不在于利润上升后的“共同富裕”,而在于行业的成长是否符合绿色、公平,以及高质量的发展核心。

  水泥同仁们!真的应该居安思危了!

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Correlation

According to the information from China Cement Market Data Center, the demand in Northwest China is weak, the demand in Guanzhong of Shaanxi has reached the peak, but the enterprises have stabilized the price to support the market, and the pressure of dark drop is looming; the price depression in Ningxia continues to impact the market in Gansu and Shaanxi; the situation of maintaining stability in Xinjiang is remarkable.

2025-04-25 17:28:03

According to the data center of China Cement Market, the demand for cement in southwest China is weak, the price of cement in Chongqing is weak and stable, and the fatigue in Yunnan is pushed up.

2025-04-25 17:20:00

According to the China Cement Market Data Center, cement prices in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong continue to decline, and Guangxi is weak and stable. Cement prices in the two lakes region generally fell.

2025-04-25 17:12:37

According to the data center of China Cement Network, the price of cement in central and southern Zhejiang has dropped by about 20 yuan/ton, the scope of price reduction in the Yangtze River Delta market has expanded, and the overall market price has changed from dark to bright around the end of the month.

2025-04-25 16:53:38

According to China Cement Network Market Data Center, driven by the policy of stopping kilns in the cement market in Northeast China, cement prices in Liaoning and Jilin have risen, while in Heilongjiang, due to the small price impact in the early stage, they have not followed the rise this time.

2025-04-25 16:44:28

According to the China Cement Market Data Center news, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cement market is weakening, prices in southern Hebei are falling back; Shanxi and Inner Mongolia markets are light, and prices are temporarily stable.

2025-04-25 16:32:04

China Cement Network Market Data Center News, April 24, the Henan region again notified an increase in cement prices of about 20 yuan/ton. However, the current sales volume is 4-5% of the normal, and the demand is still low. After the opening of the kiln in early April, the cement clinker inventory of the enterprise has increased, and the implementation of the price increase remains to be observed.

2025-04-25 09:25:57

Since April 24, Henan has again notified the increase of cement price by about 20 yuan/ton, and the implementation remains to be observed..

2025-04-24 15:49:18

Since April 23, cement enterprises in Guiyang, Anshun, Tongren and other areas have been notified to raise the price of cement by about 30-60 yuan/ton, and the implementation remains to be observed..

2025-04-24 15:39:11

Recently, affected by the market situation, coupled with the poor implementation of the policy of staggering peak and stopping kilns, cement prices in Wuhan have fallen again, with a cumulative decline of about 30 yuan/ton..

2025-04-23 16:45:10

Recently, the transaction price of some enterprises in many markets in Jiangsu has generally fallen by 10-20 yuan/ton.

2025-04-22 16:21:57

Cement prices in Jinhua, Quzhou, Lishui and other places in central and southern Zhejiang were generally lowered by 15-20 yuan/ton.

2025-04-22 15:40:02

Since the second half of 2024, based on the spirit of the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 30, the cement industry has strengthened industry self-discipline and prevented "involution" vicious competition, and the operation situation of the industry is obviously better than that in the first half of the year. The cement industry has increased from a loss of 1.6 billion yuan in the first half of the year to a profit of 26 billion yuan in the whole year, which is far from the normal profit level of the industry, but it shows the importance of "anti-involution".

2025-04-22 13:34:08

In recent days, some major manufacturers in the Pearl River Delta region have once again lowered the price of cement by 10-20 yuan/ton.

2025-04-22 11:36:23

Recently, cement prices in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan and other places continue to decline, with a general decline of about 20 yuan/ton..

2025-04-21 15:09:17

As the cement industry enters the peak season, the investment in infrastructure construction and the construction progress of key projects are accelerating, and some mixing stations will also increase the purchase of cement to cope with the upcoming peak season of cement, which will become the main driving force for cement demand. The further downward space of cement prices is limited, and it is expected that the cement market prices in the province will stop falling and stabilize in April.

2025-04-21 10:00:44

According to the data center of China Cement Network, the demand in Northwest China is weak, the price system is disordered, the sales in Gansu are shrinking after the market is pushed up, the periphery is falling, the low price in Ningxia is seeping out, and the low price in Shaanxi is stable due to the shutdown of kilns.

2025-04-18 17:24:35

According to China Cement Market Data Center, the demand for cement in southwest China is weak, the price of cement in Chongqing's main urban area has fallen, and Yunnan has pushed up the fatigue.

2025-04-18 17:17:30

Cement prices in Henan and the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong fell after rising this week, while the rest of the market was temporarily stable, according to the China Cement Market Data Center.

2025-04-18 17:05:19

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center news, inventory has rebounded slightly, coupled with the impact of low prices of some enterprises, cement prices in many markets in the Yangtze River Delta in East China have fallen steadily. Cement prices in Fujian fell slightly by about 10 yuan/ton.

2025-04-18 16:51:01

According to the data center of China Cement Network, under the current stable price situation in the cement market in Northeast China, the upcoming kiln shutdown plan may have an impact on the relationship between supply and demand in the market, thus pushing up the price.

2025-04-18 16:42:43

According to the China Cement Market Data Center, cement prices in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are under pressure, with insufficient demand and high inventory; the price stabilization strategy in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia markets continues.

2025-04-18 16:32:37

Since April 11, the whole province of Henan has notified the rise of cement prices. According to the current understanding, the current round of push up has basically all withdrawn..

2025-04-18 15:39:50

On April 18, the National Cement Price Index (CEMPI) closed at 125.83 points, down 0.24% annually and up 16.43% year-on-year.

2025-04-18 15:09:05

In Li Kunming's view, with the strengthening of self-discipline and off-peak production of cement enterprises, it is expected that the market will return to normalization in 2025, and the fluctuation space will be narrowed, showing the operation characteristics of "rising with a top and falling with a limit".

2025-04-18 10:47:57

In order to cope with the depressed market environment, some cement enterprises in the main urban area of Chongqing have recently lowered the price of cement by 10-40 yuan/ton.

2025-04-17 09:32:56

Gansu Jiuquan, Jiayuguan cement prices again notice up 30 yuan/ton

2025-04-16 17:09:00

The national cement market continues the pattern of "regional differentiation and mixed rise and fall". From the perspective of sub-regions, the six regions fell more or rose less on April 11, and the situation of cement price reduction areas is as follows.

2025-04-15 15:11:35

Yunnan: Recently, the mainstream cement enterprises in Lijiang, Dali, Kunming and other places have notified to raise the cement price by 40-70 yuan/ton, and the landing remains to be observed.

2025-04-15 10:57:04

According to China Cement Net Market Data Center, the northwest cement market as a whole recovered weakly last week, Gansu and Gannan regions had doubts about the landing, Shaanxi Guanzhong was stable, Xinjiang market started price repair adjustment, but the actual transaction price did not fluctuate, and the pattern of weak supply and demand was obvious.

2025-04-14 16:10:13

According to the data center of China Cement Market, many places in Yunnan have tried to push up again recently, and prices in some parts of Sichuan have fallen.

2025-04-14 15:55:31

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center news, cement prices in the two lakes region have been fully withdrawn after the recent rise, and cement prices in Guangdong and Guangxi have been stable and small as a whole.

2025-04-14 15:14:00

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center, cement prices in the Yangtze River Delta region of East China have stabilized after rising as a whole, and local markets may rise or fall slightly. Northeast Jiangxi continues to raise the price of cement by 30 yuan/ton.

2025-04-14 14:57:02

According to China Cement Net Market Data Center, the price of cement in Liaozhong area ended the previous decline, manufacturers tentatively raised the quotation by 20-50 yuan/ton, and Huludao rose by 30 yuan/ton synchronously. However, due to the lack of terminal demand and the problem of kiln shutdown, the mainstream transaction price is still at a low level.

2025-04-14 14:45:50

According to China Cement Market Data Center, the transaction price of cement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has declined, and there is no plan to stop the kiln in the region, so the cement price continues to be under pressure; the price stabilization strategy in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia markets continues.

2025-04-14 14:27:49

Since April 11, Henan will continue to raise the price of high-standard cement by about 50 yuan/ton, and some areas crossing with Anhui will raise the price by about 20 yuan/ton. The implementation remains to be observed.

2025-04-11 13:20:15

At the beginning of last year, in the face of declining demand, domestic cement enterprises, including some leading enterprises, put stabilizing and increasing market share in a prominent position in their work reports at the beginning of the year, and the industry was full of "gunpowder". In contrast, at the beginning of this year, the work reports of major enterprises at the beginning of this year did not focus on market competition and share promotion, but more on stabilizing the situation, anti-involution and increasing efficiency, and the mentality of enterprises in the industry has changed significantly.

2025-04-10 16:35:00

Since April 10, some major manufacturers in Huai'an, Jiangsu, have notified an increase in cement prices by about 10 yuan/ton.

2025-04-10 16:08:38

Since April 10, cement enterprises in Bijie area have notified to raise the price of cement by about 30 yuan/ton. At present, the market demand is still poor, and it is difficult to implement the price increase.

2025-04-10 14:08:05

Overall, the domestic concrete market demand rebounded further in April, coupled with the cost side continued to push up, the actual price trend is expected to be volatile.

2025-04-10 10:20:22

On the basis of the sharp decline in demand in the second half of last year, the company expects that demand will continue to decline in the first half of 2025 due to insufficient rolling of stock projects and the reduction of new start-up projects. However, as the country continues to push the real estate market to stop falling and stabilize, and the capital situation is expected to improve, some infrastructure projects have been launched, and the demand decline is expected to gradually narrow in the second half of the year.

2025-04-09 10:16:20

The estimated increase in the results for the period was mainly due to the decrease in product cost and the increase in sales volume of the Company.

2025-04-08 17:13:45

Cement prices in central Liaoning showed signs of recovery in recent days after a sharp correction in the early stage. Manufacturers raised their quotations by 20-50 yuan/ton. The surrounding Huludao and other places also notified an increase of 30 yuan/ton in cement prices on April 8. The specific situation needs further follow-up and confirmation.

2025-04-08 15:07:28