水泥:只有“打”出来的天下 没有“让”出来的利益!

2019-11-11 09:20:14

看似行情大好的水泥行业,在相对平静的水面下仍然是暗流涌动。从2016年的“寒冬”破冰而来,在利润不断攀升的背景下,大家似乎已经渐渐遗忘了以往需求惨淡下的“你死我活”,用一派表面平和的景象维持着行业当前局面。

  日前,多家水泥企业发布三季度业绩报告,不出意外,全部喜讯……其中,行业龙头企业之一的海螺水泥在三季报中表示,2019年前三季度,海螺水泥实现营业收入破千亿,达到1107.56亿元,同比增长42.37%;归属于上市公司股东净利润238.16亿元,同比增长14.96%。前三季度基本每股收益为4.49元,同比增长14.96%。

  实际上,近年来国内水泥价格持续高涨,据中国水泥网数据显示,从2016年2月到目前全国水泥价格指数上涨73,涨幅达到94%左右。在利润方面,1-9月,全国水泥行业实现营业收入7199亿元,同比增长14.3%,比整个工业增速高9.8个百分点,利润总额1318亿元,同比增长25.3%,比整个工业增速高27.4个百分点。

  然而,看似行情大好的水泥行业,在相对平静的水面下仍然是暗流涌动。从2016年的“寒冬”破冰而来,在利润不断攀升的背景下,大家似乎已经渐渐遗忘了以往需求惨淡下的“你死我活”,用一派表面平和的景象维持着行业当前局面。

  行业产能严重过剩,涨价是否可持续?

  是强劲的市场需求带动了水泥价格的上涨,创造利润新高吗?

  恰恰相反,水泥行业漂亮的成绩单背后,是严重的产能过剩问题。资料显示,水泥的全国平均产能利用率约在66%左右,处于历史最低位,有些地区的产能利用率甚至只有30%。

  在产能过剩严重背景下,水泥价格的不断上涨归因于几个方面:一是错峰生产常态化,错峰生产本意是为了避免采暖期水泥生产污染物与采暖锅炉排放叠加,减轻大气污染问题,但目前某些地区错峰生产很大程度上已心知肚明成为了当地调节供需关系的有效手段。二是经历了前些年的行业大低谷之后,行业新秩序正在逐步建立,企业间竞合关系逐步形成,市场稳定性正在增强。三是环保限产,伴随着蓝天保卫战、环保督察等一系列环保政策的推进,要求水泥企业在特定时间内停产或者进行环保改造,水泥供给受限,企业运营成本随之增加。这种情形下,企业会通过涨价来转嫁成本。

  当前的水泥是否具有可持续性,影响价格稳定的痛点是什么?

  以贵州为例,由于贵州往年基建进度快,投资大,一定程度上提前消耗了水泥需求潜力。进入2019年以来,随着扶贫攻坚工作的逐步收尾,贵州水泥需求步入下行周期,甚至被认为已步入东北断崖式下滑的后尘,水泥价格也一蹶不振。

  此外,贵州经济发展水平偏低,也导致水泥需求后续缺少支撑,加之产能严重过剩,今年以来贵州水泥行情几乎呈现一路下滑态势。相关数据显示:今年1-9月份贵州全省综合销量约7050万吨(其中包含1000万吨省外输出销量),产能利用率为65.7%,省内需求对产能使用率为56.4%,销量同比下滑10%,市场需求同比下滑26%。

  与全国水泥普涨截然相反的是贵州区域日前再现年内最低价水泥——180元/吨。较此前价格直降100元/吨左右,引起各方人士的普遍关注。而此次降价据悉是贵州区域一龙头企业采取不跟随其他企业一同涨跌的措施,意欲争夺更多市场份额。

  市场需求的不足,产能的严重过剩,叠加区域企业竞合关系变化,贵州区域的水泥价格大跌似乎在情理之中。这也给全国水泥行业敲响警钟,产能过剩问题就像一颗足以打破市场格局的定时炸弹,若不能从根本上解决,行业利润恐怕难以保持高增长。

  水泥企业何去何从?

  水泥行情大好给了竞争力相对较差的水泥企业一棵救命稻草,部分前些年已经停产或濒临停产的企业重新焕发生机,在当前利润日益增高的情况下也分得一杯羹。

  但需要指出的是,这些企业的获利某种程度上更像是龙头企业致力于提升行业效益后的“施舍”,在市场需求尚未断崖前形成的竞合关系让这些企业获利颇丰,但倘若市场需求的下滑,以及产能过剩的严峻性已经无法通过水泥价格的上涨来转移困境,利益面前,这些竞争力较差的企业是否能安然无恙?

  而另一方面,在目前的市场环境下,这些竞争力较差的企业之所以能够赚钱,主要在于其大量消耗自然环境资源,本质上是不公平竞争。随着国家和地区政府对于环保指标的监管日益严苛,这些企业在技术改进和资金投入方面会面临巨大的威胁和挑战,在市场份额竞争中将失去自己的优势。

  综上,笔者认为,在当前行情形势大好,各大水泥龙头企业纷纷通过产能置换新建、扩建竞争力更强的水泥熟料生产线之际,那些竞争力相对较弱的水泥企业或可通过收购、重组等方式退出水泥行业,在竞争还没有“头破血流”之前,将自己“卖出”好价钱不失为企业战略转型的一种有效途径。

  同时,水泥行业呈周期性发展,未来可能会有一个滑坡期,所以水泥企业更应眼光长远,提前布局,紧握当下利润稳上升的良好形势,在市场洗牌前提高自己的核心竞争力。一是要下足本钱,提升自身的技术装备,实现多功能并向高端高质量发展;二是深化去产能工作,推进企业超低排放、绿色矿山建设,以及绿色化、智能化改造等,在市场“寒冬”到来之前切实提高自己的竞争力。

  天下熙熙皆为利来,天下攘攘皆为利往。任何行业在市场经济面前,只有“打”出来的天下,没有“让”出来的利益!行业的趋好不在于利润上升后的“共同富裕”,而在于行业的成长是否符合绿色、公平,以及高质量的发展核心。

  水泥同仁们!真的应该居安思危了!

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Correlation

This week, the pace of downstream resumption of work in most regions of China is still relatively slow, coupled with the unstable support of the cost side, the price of concrete has declined steadily. From February 17 to February 21, the national concrete price index closed at 100.27 points, down 1.76% annually and 19.23% year-on-year.

2025-02-21 18:06:59

According to the data center of China Cement Market, the cement market in southwest China is weak. Leading enterprises in Chongqing raised the price of cement by 50 yuan/ton last week, but the current market demand recovery is not good, the actual transaction price has not increased significantly, the specific situation remains to be further tracked and confirmed.

2025-02-21 17:31:38

China Cement Network Market Data Center News: The slow recovery of the concrete market in the southwest region, the price is weakening.

2025-02-21 17:28:34

According to China Cement Market Data Center, cement prices in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong in central and southern China have continued to fall by 10-20 yuan/ton in recent days. It is expected that the price of enterprises will rise by 30 yuan in a few days, and the market in Guangxi will be weak and stable. Demand recovered slowly, and the price of cement in the two lakes area dropped by 10-20 yuan/ton.

2025-02-21 17:26:13

North China concrete market off-season..

2025-02-21 17:25:34

According to China Cement Network Market Data Center, cement prices in East China, Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai, Southern Jiangsu and other places began to increase by 20 yuan/ton this week, and the rest of the market will follow up. The price of cement in Fujian has risen by 10 yuan/ton, and the implementation remains to be observed.

2025-02-21 17:22:06

The northeast concrete market is stable.

2025-02-21 16:57:08

The price of commercial mixing in central and southern China has been slightly loosened.

2025-02-21 16:21:02

In recent days, the actual transaction prices of some enterprises in Lianyungang, Suqian, Xuzhou and other places in northern Jiangsu have fallen by about 10-20 yuan/ton.

2025-02-21 15:17:56

On the 21st, some major manufacturers in Shanghai began to raise the price of cement by 20 yuan/ton.

2025-02-21 11:41:44

Recently, some enterprises in Yichang, Jingzhou and other places have begun to reduce the price of cement by about 20 yuan/ton, and the rest of the industry in the region will follow up one after another..

2025-02-20 15:20:12

On the 20th, some major manufacturers in Guizhou began to notify the increase of cement prices of various varieties by about 60 yuan/ton, and the specific implementation remains to be observed..

2025-02-20 13:15:47

Since the 18th, enterprises in Shangrao, Jingdezhen and Yingtan areas in Northeast Jiangxi have lowered the price of bulk cement by 20 yuan/ton, and the price of bagged cement by 30-40 yuan/ton..

2025-02-20 10:42:53

Recently, cement transaction prices of some major enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region have declined by about 10-20 yuan/ton.

2025-02-18 15:31:18

On the 17th, leading enterprises in Zhaotong, Yunnan, notified an increase in cement prices by 50 yuan/ton.

2025-02-18 15:00:01

On the 18th, some major manufacturers in Fujian began to notify all parts of the country to raise the price of various types of cement by about 10 yuan/ton.

2025-02-18 13:54:09

Fujian's current round of price increases is mainly due to the contraction of the supply side. According to the local kiln shutdown plan, Fujian cement enterprises need to shut down kilns for 40 days from January to February and 15 days in March, and they must complete it without fail. However, due to the lack of demand-side power and the obvious downward trend of cement prices in the surrounding market, it is difficult for Fujian to implement this round. This round of price increase is only 10 yuan/ton, or there are concerns about the inflow of surrounding cement, China Cement Network Market Data Center will continue to pay attention.

2025-02-18 11:40:49

Cement prices in Wuhan and the surrounding eastern Hubei began to decline, with a decline of about 20-40 yuan/ton, and the overall market was mainly weak..

2025-02-17 14:52:03

After the Spring Festival, the pace of recovery of downstream terminal demand is slow, the concrete market is still relatively depressed, and the focus of transactions is stable and weak. From February 10 to February 14, the national concrete price index closed at 102.07 points, down 1.39% annually and 17.78% year-on-year.

2025-02-16 23:15:36

According to the information from China Cement Market Data Center, the price of cement in the main city of Chongqing and the west of Chongqing in the southwest region has recovered by 50 yuan/ton, and the implementation remains to be observed; the cement market in the southwest region is weak.

2025-02-14 17:21:13

According to China Cement Market Data Center, after the Spring Festival in central and southern China, the transaction price of some enterprises in western Guangdong fell by 20-30 yuan/ton, while the overall quotation of the rest of the market stabilized. Prices in Nanning, Guangxi, continue to decline, and the rest of the market may have sporadic follow-up downward expectations. The overall market in Hunan and Hubei is stable and small, and there are signs of price reduction in some markets.

2025-02-14 17:11:15

Around the Spring Festival of 2025, the new order index of the downstream construction industry and the operation rate of cement mills dropped to a record low, the terminal demand performance was sluggish, and the industry was under great pressure to start. At the same time, cement enterprises control the inventory level at the low level of the same period in previous years by increasing the intensity of peak staggering production, which provides a realistic basis for price stabilization and recovery. At this stage, cement enterprises need to focus on maintaining market competition order, insisting on maintaining price stability, and avoiding further losses in the industry.

2025-02-14 17:06:06

The price of mixed commodities in central and southern China is stable and weak.

2025-02-14 16:52:05

China Cement Net Market Data Center News: Raw material prices continue to decline, the East China concrete market is weak.

2025-02-14 16:19:41

The concrete market in southwest China has not yet recovered.

2025-02-14 16:14:41

On the 14th, some major manufacturers in Nanjing, Zhenjiang and other places again notified the reduction of cement prices by about 20-30 yuan/ton.

2025-02-14 16:13:50

North China concrete market off-season..

2025-02-14 15:34:20

Years later, the cement price of some enterprises in Changde area went down by 20-30 yuan/ton.

2025-02-14 14:52:51

Recently, some enterprises in Kunming and Yuxi areas of Yunnan have lowered the price of cement by 30-40 yuan/ton.

2025-02-14 14:37:27

Recently, the price of cement in western Guangdong has been lowered by 20-30 yuan/ton.

2025-02-14 13:52:27

Since the 13th, the price of clinker in the Yangtze River Delta region has continued to rise by 10 yuan/ton.

2025-02-13 15:46:22

Some Enterprises in Wuhu Area Loose and Lower Cement Prices

2025-02-12 18:09:43

On the 13th, leading enterprises in Chongqing notified an increase in cement prices by 50 yuan/ton.

2025-02-12 16:43:40

Although the decline of coal price has reduced the direct cost of cement production, it may not be conducive to the stability of cement market price in 2025, and the cement industry is still full of challenges in the new year.

2025-02-12 14:13:37

At present, the cement market in Jiangxi is still in the state of off-peak production, with weak supply and demand. In the short term, the market is not expected to fluctuate too much, but with the end of peak staggering production in the first quarter of mid-March, the imbalance between supply and demand will gradually emerge, and the market may face new challenges.

2025-02-11 15:24:10

Recently, some manufacturers in Liaozhong took the lead in lowering cement prices by 50 yuan/ton.

2025-02-11 11:47:53

Since the 6th, enterprises in Nanchang area have lowered the price of cement by 20-30 yuan/ton, and the price of bulk cement in Jiujiang area has fallen by 15 yuan/ton in the near future.

2025-02-11 10:32:07

Recently, some enterprises in Shanghai have continued to loosen the price of cement by 25-35 yuan/ton.

2025-02-10 15:19:21

To sum up, the cement market in February is affected by the Spring Festival, Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival and other factors, and it will take time for demand to recover. It is expected that the cement price will show a trend of first restraining, then rising and overall weakening.

2025-02-08 09:44:34

The national cement price index (CEMPI) was 129.67 points at the beginning of January and closed at 120.86 points at the end of the month, down 7.09% from the previous month and up 11.4% from the previous year.

2025-02-07 11:41:16

During the reporting period, the demand for cement decreased, the prices of cement and clinker first declined and then rose, and the prices increased year-on-year during the year. The company's building materials industry achieved a year-on-year reduction in losses, but due to weak market demand, intensified competition and other factors, the company's building materials industry is still in a loss state.

2025-01-20 13:23:51

The central and southern regions are stable and small. As the Spring Festival is approaching, the construction sites and mixing stations in Guangdong and Guangxi are basically shut down, and the market demand is flat. Despite the local cement price increase notice, the actual price is not in the market, and the concrete price is mainly stable. The market demand in the two lakes region declined seasonally, and the price of concrete was weak and stable.

2025-01-20 13:05:19

According to the data center of China Cement Market, the price of cement in Northwest China is stable as a whole.

2025-01-17 17:44:02

According to China Cement Network Market Data Center, some enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong in central and southern China tried to push up the price of cement by 30 yuan/ton this week, and the implementation remains to be observed. After the cement prices in various markets in Guangxi have declined to varying degrees, the market has gradually stabilized. The market of the two lakes has not changed much this week, and prices are mainly stable.

2025-01-17 17:39:15

According to the data center of China Cement Market, the cement market in southwest China is weak. At present, the market demand in Yunnan has been greatly reduced, most of the clinker production lines have been shut down, and the market activities have entered the off-season.

2025-01-17 17:37:03

Near the Spring Festival holiday, the downstream generally shut down for holidays, the concrete market is basically at a standstill, and the quotation of enterprises is steadily declining. From January 13 to January 17, the national concrete price index closed at 106.63 points, down 1.95% annually and 14.26% year-on-year.

2025-01-17 17:17:59

The price of commercial mixing in central and southern China is stable and small.

2025-01-17 13:49:18