According to media reports, on Thursday, January 22, local time, Tesla and SpaceX founder Musk appeared at the Davos Forum in Switzerland to have a dialogue with BlackRock CEO Fink.
At the forum, Musk shared the consistent goal of all his companies, which is to improve the probability of human civilization having a "great future" and to expand consciousness beyond the Earth . During the
exchange, Musk once again expressed his optimism about solar energy and space photovoltaics. At the same time, in order to support his ambitious "ambition", Musk even put forward the goal of " building 200 GW photovoltaic production capacity per year in the United States" .
Or driven by this remark, the A-share photovoltaic sector was "detonated" on the same day, and as of the close of the day, nearly 30 stocks rose and stopped.
Musk believes that the deployment of solar power systems in space is extremely feasible, "because there is always sunshine, no change of day and night, no seasonal changes or weather effects, and because there is no atmospheric attenuation of energy in space." , in Musk's view, solving the problem of space energy, the goal of deploying computing power centers in space will soon become a reality, and he even asserted that" the lowest cost of deploying artificial intelligence will be in space. And it will be realized in two years, not more than three years at most. "
When the focus of the conversation turned to the current situation of energy development on the earth, Musk affirmed China's achievements in the development of solar energy layout. " The power growth brought by photovoltaic power generation in China is huge, and solar energy alone can provide stable power. "Unfortunately, the tariff barriers for solar products in the United States are very high, which makes the economic cost of deploying solar energy artificially high.". During the
exchange, Musk made it clear that the SpaceX and Tesla teams will work together to build a solar manufacturing capacity of 200 GW per year in the United States in the next three years. This capacity target not only serves the deployment of space photovoltaics, but also supports the improvement of Tesla's "energy closed-loop system".
in space and the construction of factories on the moon are like science fiction plots, which seem to be coming into reality soon with the support of space photovoltaic technology.
So what is space photovoltaic? Why can fire come out of the "sky"? And why the fire now?
However, due to the bottleneck of energy technology and the shackles of propulsion system, human beings are still confined to the Earth, low Earth orbit and surrounding areas for a long time.
In the process of exploring such an extreme environment as space, traditional chemical batteries have limited energy density and can not be supplemented independently; nuclear power generation systems are expensive, complex to approve, and face security risks; Solar power generation , as the only energy form that can achieve long-term, stable and lightweight power supply, has become the best choice for human space program energy supply.
In space, without the barrier of atmosphere, photovoltaic products can be exposed to sunlight for a long time and thoroughly, and convert abundant sunlight energy into electricity more directly and continuously, providing stable and efficient energy for space equipment.
With the support of the increasingly mature photovoltaic technology, mankind has finally waited for the explosive development of the space industry, which also makes it possible for mankind to conquer the moon, go to Mars, and realize the dream of conquering the universe.
In 1958, the American "Pioneer 1" satellite first carried a solar array into space, opening the prelude to the application of photovoltaic technology in the field of aerospace.
In the past decades, gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell products are the main role of space photovoltaic, which has the advantages of ultra-high efficiency, excellent radiation resistance, temperature difference resistance and so on, and stands out from many solar cell technology products. The high price of more than 1000 yuan per watt was nothing in the past.
However, in recent years, with the rapid rise of commercial spaceflight, especially in 2026, commercial spaceflight has entered the stage of explosion, which has become its fatal defect.
Fortunately, after years of rapid iterative progress, photovoltaic technologies such as crystalline silicon solar cells have the characteristics of "high efficiency, light weight, low cost, flexibility, and resistance to extreme environments." 
There is unverified news that SpaceX has tested the application of P-type HJT solar cells on its Starlink satellite.
At the same time, the theoretical efficiency of perovskite battery technology is as high as 40%, and the characteristics of lighter, flexible and easy to prepare are also highly expected for space applications. The fatal weakness of perovskite battery stability has been solved in the oxygen-free and water-free environment of space. As a result, perovskite and silicon-based tandem solar cells are considered to be the ultimate solution for space photovoltaics.
According to industry statistics, up to now, about 20 photovoltaic enterprises have announced that they have laid out space photovoltaic business. The photovoltaic industry seems to have ushered in a new trillion new blue sea.
But when will such affordable space photovoltaics really become a reality?
Even p-type HJT batteries, which are most likely to replace gallium arsenide batteries at present, are said to have been applied in a small area, but they are still in the growth period of space application and verification as a whole. Their efficiency, life, radiation resistance and large-scale delivery capabilities in the field of space still need to go through a long period of technical verification and industrial cultivation.
At present, the industry generally expects that P-type HJT batteries will be applied on a large scale in low-orbit short-life satellites, which is expected to be around 2030, while full scenario substitution will have to wait until 2030. The industry generally believes that 2028-2030 will be the key window period for affordable space photovoltaic to become a reality.
Finally, as Musk said, "Solar energy is the only answer to human energy freedom." But we can say with more confidence that space photovoltaic is the only answer for human beings to go deep into the universe.
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