格局打破!水泥行业价格战范围正在扩大!

2022-06-14 09:25:53

可以预见,随着接下来市场竞争的进一步升级,笔者判断大企业之间关系短期内或许无法恢复到过去几年“和气生财”,但大概率是龙头企业会以一种“心知肚明”的默契“对付”中小企业。

相对平静许久的水泥市场重新燃起了战火,一场更大的腥风血雨似乎正在酝酿中。

此前上海市场停滞给水泥行业带来的影响则还在释放中。5月25日至今,长三角水泥和熟料价格罕见性在二季度迎来多轮下调,市场无不震惊。长江沿线早先形成的市场格局正被打破,沿线企业为了减缓库位压力,加快抢占市场力度,这自然会引起原有主导企业的不爽。市场中互相攻讦的声音开始也多了起来。

以上只是长三角的缩影。而在珠三角,战火早已重燃,企业间的竞争已进入白热化,实际成交价格已经在成本线上下徘徊。伴随着周边省份持续加大对粤的销售力度,曾经被誉为香饽饽的珠三角市场环境开始转向。而邻省不断扩大产能的进入,广东水泥的转机还无法预测。

除了两大热点地区,全国其他地区也陆续出现了价格竞争逐步升级,价格陆续走低的局面。未来水泥价格是否将回到白热化的竞争市场格局下?战火是否将进一步蔓延?笔者在此谈一下自己的看法。

协同基础坍塌 限产收益殆尽

自2016年四季度开始,水泥行业利润在价格迅速攀升和需求改善之后进入了上扬区间,并在2019年创造了营业收入1.01万亿元,利润1867亿元的历史新高。2020年虽然遭遇了新冠疫情的冲击,但行业利润依然超过了1800亿。不过与此同时,产能过剩的局面在过去的这几年并没有多大化解。

产能过剩与利润新高如何共存的?不可否认,行业协同错峰限产在价格回暖和效益改善方面起到了重要作用。但需要注意的是,协同错峰限产是建立在一定的市场需求基础上的,一旦基础坍塌,市场间的合作也将难以维持。如2015年之前行业也保持了一段时间的相对稳定,但随着2015年需求发生急剧变化,市场竞争再次升级。产能集中度较高的东北地区,之所以无法在前几年营造出良性的市场格局,也与当地长期需求不佳有很大关系。

反观当下,在去年四季度失去了一个“旺季”之后,水泥需求在进入2022年后出现持续低迷。今年一季度水泥产量3.87亿吨,同比下降12.1%。四月需求情况进一步下降,总产量同比下跌幅度更扩大到14.8%。尤其是行业龙头重点布局的长三角和大湾区市场下滑尤其明显,这给建立在一定需求基础上的竞合关系带来巨大挑战。

在需求下滑的背景下,想要维持行业错峰协同的成本必然显著攀升,但已经被高煤价压得喘不过气的水泥企业还有多少愿意承担这一成本呢?又或还有多少能承受住这一成本呢?作为一个市场化程度较高的行业,企业对于需求的变化格外敏感。当企业市场占有份额面临有较大下降风险时,继而面临利润有较大下降风险时,企业就有可能“不惜代价”打破先前相对平衡的竞争格局。

竞争从未停滞 兼并高潮来袭

不可否认一家龙头企业换帅确实会对市场产生些许影响,但市场规律不会随着人的意愿而改变。虽然笔者一直在强调过去几年行业所打造的自律氛围在价格、效益中起着多大的作用,但不可否认,需求端的改善是全行业赚钱的根本原因。正因如此,当前市场出现竞争格局升级笔者认为也是需求下滑的必然,而非一些观点所认为的是某某集团策略变更所致。

另一方面,水泥行业过去几年也并非没有了竞争,看似平静的市场环境下一直暗流涌动。无论是产能置换新规后,南方热点市场掀起的新建高潮和物流、上下游拓展这一些显性竞争,还是以环保和智能化这一类隐形竞争,企业之间从未停滞彼此之间的竞争。而相对于价格战等市场份额的争夺而言,这些竞争对于行业在先进水准和供应链格局的改变显得更加深刻。尤其是环保、智能化这类初期投入巨大,收益见效慢的投资,在抬高了行业水准的同时,对单体企业现金流把控和经营管理都提出了巨大的挑战。

虽然水泥行业过去几年效益都不错,但由于此前在环保、绿色矿山等方面不同程度有历史欠账,加上生产线产能规模和技术升级,存续生产线实现智能化、实现超低排放等一系列改造,只要投资天经地义都要求有回报。可以这样说,留给多数企业参与当前价格战的“弹药”并不多。正如在当前大湾区的价格战中,不少消息人士透露,小企业“开战”没多久就已经把“底牌”翻出,龙头企业尚有些余力支撑局面。

可以预见,随着接下来市场竞争的进一步升级,笔者判断大企业之间关系短期内或许无法恢复到过去几年“和气生财”,但大概率是龙头企业会以一种“心知肚明”的默契“对付”中小企业。当然,中小企业也不会坐以待毙,虽然价格已经跌到成本线,但为了捍卫市场份额,保住现金流,在市场中生存,咬牙也得拼,参与“厮杀”。

但随着价格战的持续,现金流本就不充沛的企业很快就将面对两难的选择,是退出还是被“收编”到大企业麾下?从这两年市场上再次涌现的兼并重组潮流看,龙头企业加速收购优良资产的目的非常明确。随着战斗力不强的企业在疲于迎战之下,龙头企业也将择机抛出橄榄枝。“兵临城下”接还是不接?总得做出选择。可以预料,行业也由此进入新一轮兼并重组的高潮,产能集中度也将得到进一步提升。

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Correlation

According to China Cement Market Data Center, cement prices in central and southern China rose steadily this week, pushing up 30-50 yuan/ton in Guangxi, and some low-priced enterprises reported an increase of 70 yuan/ton. This week, cement prices in eastern Hubei have gradually fallen back to the level before the last round of rise, and cement prices in many places in Hunan continue to rise.

2024-11-08 17:23:08

According to China Cement Market Data Center, cement prices in central and southern Guangdong, western Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta region will be raised by 20-30 yuan/ton this week, and cement prices in Guangxi will also be raised. The Hubei region continued to push up 30-50 yuan/ton, the overall market in Hunan was stable and small, and the Yueyang region was notified to rise.

2024-10-12 17:23:19

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center news, the implementation of cement prices in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong in the central and southern regions is general, while the Guangxi region is stable and declining. Eastern Hubei and other regions plan to push up the price of cement by 30 yuan/ton again. Driven by the price increase in eastern Hubei, individual market prices in Hunan have been notified to rise again.

2024-09-27 16:48:15

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center, cement prices in the Pearl River Delta market in central and southern Guangdong are planned to stop falling and rise again, while prices in individual markets in Guangxi have experienced a second round of decline. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the range of price increases in the two lakes areas has been extended to the whole province, pushing up by about 30 yuan/ton. Since the 10th, some major manufacturers in Henan have pushed up the price of cement by 30 yuan/ton, but the actual implementation is not ideal, some enterprises have not implemented in place, and the quotation remains at the level before the rise.

2024-09-20 17:10:16

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center, the price of cement in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong in central and southern China has recovered by 10-15 yuan/ton, and the quotation in Guangxi is temporarily stable. Prices in some areas of the two lakes have fallen in the early stage, and the overall market is mainly stable this week.

2024-08-02 17:16:26

According to China Cement Network Market Data Center news, Guangdong, Hubei individual market notice to raise cement prices by 30-50 yuan/ton, the implementation remains to be observed. Cement quotations in other areas are basically stable and small.

2024-07-26 16:42:59

According to China Cement Market Data Center, the actual turnover of cement in Guangdong and Guangxi local markets fell slightly by 10-20 yuan/ton this week, but the overall quotation of large factories stabilized. Cement prices in many places in the two lakes have fallen back to the level before the rise.

2024-07-19 17:14:59

According to the cement network market data center news, this week, cement prices in Guangxi have stabilized after rising, and the actual implementation range in Guangdong and Hainan has narrowed.

2024-06-21 16:03:50

According to the market data of China Cement Network, the rise in raw materials has led to an increase in production costs, and enterprises in eastern Hubei and Changde have notified an increase in cement prices by 20-30 yuan/ton.

2024-05-24 15:29:42

China Cement Network Market Data Center News, the recent rise in raw material prices in central and southern China, the rise in cement production costs, the local market in Guangdong and Guangxi cement prices increased by 15 yuan/ton, the implementation remains to be observed. Prices in the two lakes, Henan and other markets fluctuated little during the week.

2024-05-17 17:17:38

China Cement Network Market Data Center News, the recent rise in raw material prices, cement production costs, the local market in Guangdong and Guangxi cement prices increased by 15 yuan/ton, the implementation remains to be observed. Prices in the two lakes, Henan and other markets fluctuated little during the week.

2024-05-11 16:38:40

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center, some enterprises in Henan began to stop kilns at the wrong peak, the two lakes region had a strong willingness to raise prices, and prices in Guangdong and Guangxi were under pressure.

2024-04-12 17:09:16

According to the China Cement Network Market Data Center, in order to increase profits, major enterprises in Henan, Hunan, Yongzhou and Hengyang notified an increase in cement prices by about 15-30 yuan/ton on the 2nd. In addition, there are signs of loosening in the actual transaction price of cement in some markets in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hubei.

2024-03-08 15:32:55

According to China Cement Market Data Center, the price of raw materials has risen recently, the cost of cement production has risen, and the price of cement in the local market of Guangdong and Guangxi has increased by 15 yuan/ton, which remains to be observed. Prices in the two lakes, Henan and other markets fluctuated little during the week.

2024-03-01 17:28:38

Shandong cement market price falls; Li Rongshan: cement off-peak production is a win-win policy; Liaoning plans to shut down kilns for 151 days in 2024

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Recently, due to the persistent cost pressure in the south, the price of concrete has risen slightly with the raw materials, but the growth of market demand is limited, and the overall quotation is still stable. From October 31 to November 6, the national concrete price index closed at 112.47 points, up 0.31% annually and down 10.11% year-on-year.