Currently, energy-intensive cement production accounts for 5% of the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the trend continues to grow. The EU 2020 Energy and Climate Change Strategy forces energy-intensive industries, including cement production, to actively take energy-saving and emission reduction measures and formulate strict emission reduction standards for the industry. The European ECO-CEMENT R & D team is composed of five EU member States, Spain (general coordination), Germany, Italy, Ireland and Cyprus, and six innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the scientific and technological community. After more than three years of efforts, we have successfully developed a new low-cost, environment-friendly microbial cement production technology and process. The joint industrial partners have selected sites in some member States of the European Union and are carrying out plant design, development and pilot demonstration.
Relying on the scientific and technological achievements of the Seventh R & D Framework Program of the European Union, "Microbial Carbonate Precipitation Technology" (MCP), the R & D team has determined the highest principle for the development of low-cost, high-strength and environment-friendly bio-cement. Therefore, R & D and innovation activities mainly focus on the recycling and reuse of construction or other wastes: cement kiln dust or construction waste as a calcium source for bio-cement, a small amount of urea as a catalyst to accelerate biological reaction, and organic waste from food processing industry or household daily life as a nutrient source for microorganisms and bacteria. By adding a small amount of carbon fibers from plants, the R & D team has thoroughly solved the problems of strength and life of bio-cement, making bio-cement fully meet the functional indicators of traditional cement. The R & D team also conducted a comparative study on the efficiency of microbial bacteria in cement production, and finally selected Sporosarcina Pasteurii as the main "manufacturing worker" of bio-cement, taking into account the factors such as the difficulty of bacterial spore cultivation, adaptability to environmental conditions and environmental friendliness. New technologies and products have successfully passed the life cycle assessment of the European Commission Expert Group and obtained the EU Green Product Certificate.
Compared with traditional cement, bio-cement can effectively reduce the cost of cement production by at least 21%, and reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by more than 11%. In addition, the economic and social benefits of construction waste recycling and "disruptive" technology to create jobs have not yet been counted.
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