As an important part of the EU economy, the energy-intensive cement industry accounted for about 5% of the EU's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2013. According to data provided by the International Energy Agency (IEA), global cement production will increase at least five times from 1990 levels to 5 billion tons by 2030. At present, every kilogram of cement produced in the world will directly lead to 0.81 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions, and the unsustainable cement production mode with high energy consumption needs to be changed urgently. The European ECO-CEMENT R & D team is composed of five EU member States, Spain (general coordination), Germany, Italy, Ireland and Cyprus, and the cement industry and the joint scientific and technological community, with a total R & D investment of 2.2 million euros. Since March 2012, microbial strains that can produce cement naturally have been actively screened and cultivated in an attempt to find an effective way to produce environment-friendly cement.
The ECO-CEMENT R & D team first successfully screened out Sporosarcina Pasteurii, a "highly efficient" strain resistant to harsh environments, from a large number of microbial strains that can produce cement through biological reactions under natural environmental conditions. Then, the industrial waste is used to prepare a "nutrient medium" suitable for the cultivation and propagation of Sporosarcina pasteurianum, so as to reduce the production cost of the strain as much as possible. After repeated experiments, a low-cost strain nutrient medium based on cement kiln ash (calcium source), urine (organic biological source) and dairy processing industry waste (nutrient source) was successfully prepared. On this basis, an environment-friendly cement sample meeting the EU green product standard was successfully developed.
At present, the R & D team is comprehensively evaluating the functional characteristics, cost-effectiveness and production process comparison between the new cement and the traditional cement by using the product life cycle assessment method. Preliminary results show that the new cement with the same function can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 11%, reduce cement production waste by at least 20%, and reduce total production costs by at least 21% compared with traditional cement.
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