80% charge in 10 minutes! Important breakthroughs have been made in key technologies of black phosphorus fast charging batteries.

With the increasingly urgent demand for ultra-fast charging and high-capacity batteries for new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems , the battery performance of traditional graphite anode materials has approached the theoretical limit. As an anode material, black phosphorus (BP) has a very high lithium storage capacity, but its inherent defects, such as poor conductivity, slow reaction kinetics and intense volume expansion during charge-discharge process, lead to the rapid decline of battery fast charge performance.

Recently, the team led by Ma Yanwei of the Institute of Electrical Engineering successfully broke through this technical bottleneck and innovatively proposed the strategy of lattice phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) bond engineering, which realized the stable charge and discharge of black phosphorus anode materials under ultra-high rate, and is of great significance to promote the practical application of BP-based fast-charging batteries. Starting from the atomic scale, the

research team precisely constructed P-N bonds in the lattice of black phosphorus anode, and used their weakening effect on the covalency of adjacent phosphorus-phosphorus (P-P) bonds to induce local bond rupture and activate P-P bonds in the process of lithiation, thus accelerating charge transport and significantly improving the kinetic performance of the conversion reaction. Based on the above breakthroughs, the team successfully prepared a soft-pack battery with black phosphorus as the negative electrode and lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode, with an energy density of 282 watt-hours/kg. The battery can be charged to 80% of the theoretical capacity in only 10 minutes under high-rate charging conditions , and can still operate stably after thousands of charge-discharge cycles, showing excellent durability of fast charge cycles.

This achievement opens up a new technological path for the next generation of high energy density and high power energy storage devices, and provides a key support for the iterative upgrading of fast-charging power batteries, grid energy storage and special high-rate energy storage equipment in China. It is of great strategic significance to promote the leap-forward development of new energy vehicles and energy storage technology and to enhance China's international competitiveness in the field of advanced energy storage.

The research was completed jointly with the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia, and the relevant results were published in Nature Communications. The research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Beijing Natural Science Foundation and the Australian Research Council (ARC). Characteristic of

fast reaction kinetics of P-N-P

structure that superiority

of lithium ion concentration distribution of black phosphorus electrode at different discharge state
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