(1)
Perovskite-PVK refers to the Russian geologist Lev. Perovski named a class of mineral compounds with ABX3 structure (such as CaTiO3 ), while perovskite materials with photovoltaic effect are mainly a class of hybrid metal halide perovskites with the same crystal structure. Perovskite solar cell (Perovskite Solar Cells — PSC) refers to the use of a perovskite composite oxide (CaTiO3 ) having the same crystal structure as organic metal halides, inorganic metal halides, Organic/inorganic metal halide is a kind of thin film solar cell used as photosensitive layer.
(2) Progress
in technology research and development 1. Perovskite solar cells and other thin film solar cells have also been studied. The world record for the highest efficiency of a perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell is 24.6% (area: 1.110 cm2 ), held by the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Germany; The world's highest efficiency record for perovskite/organic tandem solar cells is 25.1% (area: 0.
2025). Global perovskite cell efficiency record creation/maintenance
2. Researchers are also facing a challenge: the high efficiency and high stability of batteries can not be achieved at the same time . On the road of perovskite photovoltaic industrialization, a key goal is to achieve a new breakthrough in the "stable efficiency synergy" of large-scale commercial perovskite modules, so as to promote the wide application and development of perovskite photovoltaic technology.
(3) Domestic perovskite industrialization progress
The industrial policies of the state and local governments continue to promote. The policy system of 2025 is gradually shifting from encouraging R & D and establishing standards last year to promoting market application.The policy focus has shifted from "encouraging R & D and preliminary application" to "supporting large-scale manufacturing and market competition", aiming at accelerating perovskite from "industrial seedling" to "industrial pillar".
Production capacity continues to expand. Perovskite photovoltaic industrialization has crossed the 100-megawatt pilot stage in 2025, formally entering a new cycle of large-scale production marked by the layout of gigawatt production capacity.
Crystalline silicon battery enterprises continue to deepen the layout of perovskite/crystalline silicon stack technology, and gradually refresh the record. In April 2025, the efficiency of Longji Green Energy crystalline silicon-perovskite two-terminal tandem cell reached 34. The R & D efficiency of JinkoSolar perovskite/TOP Con tandem cell reached 33.24%, and the efficiency of Trina Solar 210 mm large-area tandem module reached 31.1%. The efficiency of Tongwei's two-step perovskite/silicon tandem battery based on large texture reached 33.08%, and the efficiency of Zhengtai Xinneng perovskite/TOP Con tandem battery reached 31.
The layout of cross-border enterprises was accelerated and deepened. In 2025, cross-border manufacturing experience and industrial chain resources such as Beijing Oriental, Hangzhou Colin, Ningde Times and China Nuclear Optoelectronics pushed the industry into the stage of mass production. The localization of
equipment and materials has achieved remarkable results. In 2025, the localization of perovskite equipment has entered the stage of large-scale application and verification. Among the 100 MW production lines that have been built, the localization rate is outstanding.
Components enter the threshold of commercialization. In 2025, the industry achieved leapfrog development in terms of capacity scale, product diversity, application scenarios and technical certification. Industrialization and scenario-based layout of
new perovskite modules continue to accelerate. In 2025, perovskite technology achieved a key breakthrough in the field of consumer electronics. Enterprises such as BOE and Guangyin Technology jointly launched diversified consumer electronics products such as perovskite self-charging mobile phones and solar umbrellas, and the application ecology became increasingly rich.
(4) The main problems
are the lack of outdoor demonstration of commercial components. Although the conditions of perovskite laboratory testing and certification are very strict, they are often carried out under ideal conditions, which are still different from the actual operating environment of outdoor power plants and can not reflect the complexity of the real world. In order to carry out longer and more comprehensive outdoor inspection and verification of perovskite photovoltaic modules, more policy resources are needed to support the verification application and demonstration application of perovskite modules. It is expected that there will be more outdoor data to provide verification support for the stability of perovskite products in 2026-2027.
Stability is the biggest challenge facing industrialization. The stability of early perovskite devices is poor, but it has been greatly improved in recent years. Academia has conducted in-depth research on the mechanism affecting the stability of perovskite batteries, and has put forward various solutions. However, the stability of perovskite batteries is still a problem that needs to be studied at both scientific and engineering levels. The solutions proposed by academia need more experiments to verify; in engineering, how to apply the solutions proposed by academia to engineering needs a lot of secondary development work. The development of
industrial ecology is not mature. In terms of manufacturing equipment, the production of perovskite components requires mature special equipment; In terms of raw materials, perovskite components and other functional materials in the current market are non-scale production with relatively poor batch repeatability, high procurement costs, and unable to achieve reliable and stable raw material supply, which is also one of the main factors restricting the production yield of perovskite photovoltaic modules, thus adversely affecting cost reduction; In terms of auxiliary materials, conductive glass and packaging film account for a high proportion in the production cost structure of perovskite modules; in terms of supporting electrical equipment, perovskite modules have the characteristics of high voltage and low current. In the existing application mode, the output current similar to that of crystalline silicon array is often formed by parallel connection of multiple strings of modules, and the existing crystalline silicon photovoltaic inverter is used for power conversion. The efficiency test and power calibration standard of
perovskite need to be established urgently. At present, the efficiency test methods for perovskite batteries and modules mainly focus on the methods to improve the accuracy of efficiency measurement. In the actual mass production process, how to quickly and accurately calibrate the power of perovskite modules needs further development in scientific research and standard formulation. Therefore, it is necessary for academia, industry and equipment to work together to develop a reliable and fast testing standard for electrical parameters of components. The efficiency and stability of
mass production components need to be improved in coordination. With the enlargement of the module area, the photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases significantly. In addition, the IV efficiency of some perovskite modules is significantly better than steady-state efficiency, indicating that there is still a gap in the stability of high-efficiency cells and modules. How to prepare large-area perovskite modules with high efficiency and high stability at the same time, that is, "stable and synergistic" mass production modules, is a common concern from all walks of life, and also a key issue for perovskite industrialization.
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