With the rapid development of the city, the "metabolism" of the city is accelerating, and the construction waste generated by various construction projects, demolition projects, repair and decoration projects is greatly increased. If it is allowed to pile up at will, it is easy to cause "garbage siege", which will seriously damage the urban living environment. In recent years, construction waste disposal has increasingly become a hot issue of social concern and public concern, and is a "difficult and complicated disease" that governments at all levels are trying to study and solve. At present, the resource utilization of construction waste in China is still in its infancy, and most of the construction waste is managed extensively, mainly for direct use after landfill or simple crushing, with little investment in the research of recycled products and low resource utilization rate. Strengthening the standardized disposal of construction waste, promoting resource utilization, reducing environmental pollution and promoting the development of circular economy are the focus of research and work in the next few years.
Construction waste refers to the dregs, spoil, waste materials, silt and other wastes produced by construction units or individuals in the process of new construction, reconstruction, expansion and demolition of various buildings (structures), pipe networks and house decoration, which can be generally divided into five categories: engineering dregs, engineering waste, engineering mud, demolition waste and decoration waste.
According to statistics, the amount of construction waste produced in China in 2022 is close to 2 billion tons, compared with 1 in 2001. At present, construction waste in China is mainly landfilled and piled up, and the utilization rate of resources is relatively low. However, the annual recycling rate of construction waste in developed countries is more than 90%, and the low utilization rate of construction waste is the main problem restricting the development of construction waste disposal industry. The resource utilization of construction waste includes two aspects: one is to transform into recycled materials (recycled coarse and fine aggregates, recycled powder, redundant soil, etc.) after treatment; the other is to generate resource utilization products (recycled concrete, mortar, non-burned recycled products).
1
. National construction waste resource utilization policy
1. Provincial people's governments may implement a waste discharge fee system according to local conditions, and the state shall implement a government procurement policy. The Regulations on the Management of Urban Construction Waste shall implement a charging system for the disposal of construction waste, and the charging standards shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.
2. Loan discount for enterprises producing recycled building materials to expand production capacity.
The Catalogue of Preferential value-added tax for Products and Services for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources (Fiscal and Tax No.78, 2015) and the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Policy of value-added tax of New Wall Materials (Fiscal and Tax No; If more than 90% of the raw materials used in the production of sand and gravel aggregate enterprises are construction waste, 50% of the value-added tax can be levied and refunded. Announcement
on Improving the value-added tax Policy for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources (Announcement No.40 of 2021 of the State Administration of Taxation of the Ministry of Finance), Announcement on Publishing the Catalogue of Preferential enterprise income tax for Environmental Protection, Energy Saving and Water Saving Projects, The Announcement of the Catalogue of Preferential enterprise income tax for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources (Announcement No.36 of 2021 of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Development and Reform Commission of the General Administration of Taxation of the Ministry of Finance) stipulates that the comprehensive utilization projects of renewable resources and the services for waste treatment and disposal shall enjoy the policies of immediate refund and exemption of value-added tax.
3. Natural resources departments shall give priority to guaranteeing the annual land use plan indicators for projects, land for non-profit projects may be allocated for land supply, and land for profit-making projects may be leased, leased first and then transferred, or leased in combination, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State. 4.2 Experiences and practices
of pilot cities
in China 1. A working organization has been set up, with a construction waste management office in Xi'an (a department-level office) and a dregs affairs center in Changsha (a department-level institution). It is fully responsible for the study and formulation of relevant policies and standards, the management of construction waste transportation enterprises, the management of dispatching source emissions and the management of terminal absorption sites, and the conduct of supervision and assessment.
2. Housing construction, municipal construction and demolition projects will include construction waste disposal measures in the bidding content and construction permit preconditions. Before the commencement of the project, the construction unit shall prepare a construction waste disposal plan, which shall be filed with the competent environmental sanitation department together with relevant information such as the discharge amount of construction waste, and take the cooperative disposal of construction waste and resource utilization enterprises as the condition for cost settlement.
Second, pay attention to the management of decoration waste disposal. For new residential areas, special classified collection boxes and special vehicles are used for collection and transportation in underground parking lots, such as small (1.
Third, control the transportation links. Strict access, clear standards for construction waste transport enterprises, parking lots, vehicle maintenance capabilities and other hardware conditions, vehicles must have airtight measures, installation of GPS positioning system, and access to the monitoring platform for real-time monitoring. Establish a credit management system, and regularly release information on illegal vehicles in conjunction with traffic police and urban management departments.
Fourth, we should focus on the construction of absorption sites. For example, the construction of absorption sites in Xi'an is divided into comprehensive utilization plants (requiring relevant procedures such as construction land and franchising), temporary absorption sites, pit backfilling, land reclamation, mountain landscaping (all with the consent of the natural resources department) and site backfilling. Except for the backfilling and utilization of the construction site, other disposal sites are publicized on the construction waste management platform and have corresponding management conditions.
Fifth, we should focus on resource utilization and comprehensive utilization. For example, Changsha has promulgated measures for the management of construction waste recycling, following the principles of "overall planning, government guidance, market introduction, and making the best use of everything", and the government has unified planning and layout for the site and scale of resource utilization, and the enterprises for resource utilization have implemented franchising, including demolition waste, engineering waste and decoration waste. Formulate supporting policies, such as the government subsidy policy for the disposal of decoration waste; the financial and tax departments provide financial and tax support policies for enterprises; give priority to the promotion of the use of recycled building materials in municipal infrastructure, sponge city construction, housing construction, transportation, water conservancy and other projects invested by the government.
3. Supporting resource utilization enterprises to implement franchise management; establishing and improving the inspection and assessment system, formulating the inspection and assessment methods for county and district competent departments, as well as construction waste discharge, transportation, consumption, resource utilization and other units; implementing credit management for enterprises, and strictly enforcing market access and exit mechanisms.
1. Taking Dongying City as an example, first, due to the limitation of construction land index, the construction waste resource utilization plant in the central urban area has not yet been built, and the terminal treatment capacity is insufficient. At the same time, Transfer plant construction also exist short board. Dongying city is located in the yellow river alluvial form of the yellow river delta area, Construction muck accounted for more than 90%, In addition to find the deployment use site, Other engineering muck are need temporary storage. Because there is no standard transfer deploy place, Lead to the city surrounding villages exist some muck temporary dump, No relevant procedures, The city surrounding The setting is not standardized and the management is chaotic.
2. There is no effective working mechanism for classified collection, transportation and disposal of decoration garbage. The fees for cleaning, transportation and disposal of household decoration garbage are not clear. There is no special place for disposal. There is still a phenomenon of disorderly piling and dumping.
3. In some cities, there is no special deliberative and coordinating body for construction waste management, and the cooperation and communication between departments are not smooth, and no long-term linkage mechanism has been established.
4. Construction waste collection, transportation and disposal is positioned as a pure market behavior, and there are no construction waste transportation and disposal fee items in the pricing catalogue issued by the competent price department. For example, in Dongying District, Guangrao County and Hekou District of Dongying City, government departments have signed franchise agreements with construction waste recycling enterprises, but they have not agreed on the government subsidy price for transportation and disposal, nor have they promulgated the government's policy of giving priority to the use of construction waste recycling products, and lack of support policies for franchise enterprises, resulting in difficulties in the operation of enterprises.
5. Construction waste, like domestic waste, must establish a sound collection, transportation and treatment system. At present, it relies entirely on market-oriented operation, lacking industry norms and legal system. First, the construction waste disposal plan has not been included in the list of powers and responsibilities, and the implementation is not good. Second, the approval of construction waste disposal does not specify the processing conditions of the production unit, the transport unit (the model of the decoration waste transport vehicle is different from that of the engineering dregs) and the disposal unit. Third, the implementation unit of house demolition has no clear documents to include demolition fees, garbage transportation fees and garbage disposal fees in the budget, and can only use the sale of construction waste to offset the cost of demolition. Fourthly, the house demolition project has not implemented the integrated contracting of construction and resource utilization, resulting in the construction waste can not all enter the franchise enterprises, thus causing losses to the profits of enterprises.
04
It is suggested that the countermeasures
should draw lessons from the experience of relevant cities in the country and combine with the actual situation of construction waste management in Dongying City. The following suggestions are put forward:
1
. Perfect the whole process management system
of construction waste 1. Design units should optimize the design scheme according to the requirements of construction waste reduction, organize construction scientifically, and make full use of construction waste in terrain consolidation, engineering filling and other links. The construction unit shall scientifically prepare the construction waste disposal plan and submit it to the competent department of environmental health for filing; use the management platform for real-time statistics and monitoring to reduce the amount of construction waste generated on the construction site, and formulate and take effective measures to reduce the discharge of construction waste.
2. Metals and other recyclable materials are recycled into the waste material resource system, wood chips and other combustible materials are incinerated and disposed of harmlessly, bricks, concrete blocks, cement, sand and other recyclable materials are processed into renewable resources products by recycling enterprises.
3. Establish a tripartite joint bill system for construction units, transportation units, absorption or resource utilization enterprises, and implement the transfer joint bill system for construction waste that needs to be transported across counties and districts. To standardize the standards of construction waste transport vehicles, it is necessary to seal them, install GPS positioning system, access information management platform for real-time monitoring, and implement intelligent environmental protection vehicles, canvas smooth full-closed box cover vehicles, and special transport vehicles for decoration waste suitable for urban traffic. To strengthen joint cooperation, urban management law enforcement, public security and traffic police departments regularly organize joint law enforcement actions to investigate and deal with illegal acts such as transport vehicles carrying no certificates, carrying mud on the road, leaking along the road and polluting the environment.
In addition, we should speed up the construction of disposal facilities, accelerate the construction of construction waste disposal sites and resource utilization plants in counties and districts, plan and construct 1-2 construction waste disposal and resource utilization plants in each county and district according to local conditions, and standardize the management of sites (plants). Strictly implement six hundred percent measures, such as hardening of access roads, sprinkling, vehicle washing, covering of work sites and cleaning of surrounding areas, and classify and store them in an orderly manner according to engineering dregs, demolition garbage and decoration garbage. Unified layout of construction waste disposal sites and temporary dumps of construction waste (engineering dregs), scientific planning of construction waste disposal sites, rational setting of engineering dregs transfer and allocation sites, and improvement of land use, planning and other related procedures.
2.
Accelerate the construction of a comprehensive information management platform
for construction waste, build a comprehensive management system for construction waste in the whole region, and realize the digital closed-loop supervision of the whole process of construction waste from source discharge, intermediate transportation to terminal disposal by means of information input, satellite positioning, monitoring and sharing. Ensure that the whole process is traceable and the responsibility is actionable.
Establish the information release mechanism of construction waste discharge, transportation enterprises, absorption sites and resource utilization enterprises, and link the information of construction sites, construction waste transportation enterprises, transfer and allocation sites, sorting sites, construction waste resource utilization plants and absorption sites to the platform. Real-time reflection of construction waste production, transportation, allocation, temporary stock, resource utilization and other related data, to achieve intelligent management.
To establish an electronic manifest system for the discharge, transportation and disposal of construction waste, the construction unit (the property service provider is responsible for the decoration waste) shall apply to the competent department of environmental sanitation (urban management and law enforcement) in the place where the project is located through the integrated management platform of construction waste before the construction waste is removed from the construction site, and input the information of the export volume; The construction waste transportation directory enterprise shall check the electronic manifest and input the transportation volume information; the disposal unit shall verify and accept the electronic manifest and hand over and confirm it.
3.
Carry out franchising and integrated management
to implement franchising management for engineering waste (including engineering mud), demolition waste (road asphalt) and decoration waste, and do not implement franchising for engineering dregs. Demolition projects with a construction area of more than 10000 m2 are encouraged to adopt joint bidding for demolition, transportation and resource utilization. According to the principle of "who produces, who pays", a charging mechanism for construction waste clearance, transportation and disposal based on quantity and quality is established. According to the principle of marketization, the construction waste discharge unit shall directly pay the clearance and disposal fees to the transportation unit, the absorption and resource utilization and disposal enterprise. We will improve relevant standards and quotas, carry out cost comparison and performance evaluation in the same industry in the region, establish disposal fee prices and form a mechanism to ensure full coverage of the collection, transportation and disposal of all types of construction waste.
4.
To implement the policy
of supporting the utilization of construction waste resources, the departments of natural resources and planning, finance, taxation, administrative examination and approval, housing and other departments should formulate and implement relevant policies to support enterprises, such as decoration waste with low availability, high cost and low profit. The government should give certain subsidies to promote the development of construction waste resource utilization industry. The government should promote the application of recycled products, establish a catalogue of recycled products, record and manage the recycled products that meet the national, local and industrial standards, take the lead in promoting the use of recycled products in government-invested projects, and the relevant departments should issue standards stipulating the substitution amount and proportion of recycled products from construction waste. Local governments should give appropriate financial subsidies to construction units and construction units that use construction waste recycled products. To guide and support construction waste recycling enterprises to continuously improve the level of production and application technology and industrialization of recycled products, actively develop new construction waste recycling equipment and equipment, expand the research and development of recycled aggregate reinforcement, recycled building materials production and special additives technology, expand the application field and scope of recycled products, and improve the added value of recycled products; Actively declare the evaluation of green building materials logo.
5.
Establish a sound management system
of decoration waste. The management of decoration waste is a weak link in urban management, and it is also one of the main problems causing urban environmental pollution. It is necessary to implement the main responsibility of street, community and community decoration garbage management, and make clear that property service enterprises or community neighborhood committees are responsible for decoration garbage management. In areas with property management (including residential areas, shops along the street, commercial complexes, etc.), the property management company shall set up decoration waste collection points in the management area; in areas without property management, the neighborhood committee of the community shall reasonably set up decoration waste collection points according to the actual situation, and the collection points can use mobile collection facilities (boxes) or temporary collection rooms. The temporary collection room for decoration garbage should be used for the
centralized decoration residential area; the mobile collection facilities (boxes) can be used for the scattered decoration residential area, which are configured by the transportation unit determined by the government according to the matching principle of collection and transportation, and the property company or the decoration owner calls for door-to-door service, and the joint management system is implemented. If the collection point is located in the underground parking lot, the collection facilities and transport vehicles shall meet the height limit requirements of the garage. According to the principle of "who produces, who pays", the owner of decoration should bear the cost of cleaning, transporting and disposing of decoration garbage. Establish a professional collection and transportation service team for decoration waste, regularly and dynamically publish the catalogue of decoration waste collection and transportation enterprises and disposal price information, and clear and transport them to designated locations for disposal. The
first is to strengthen legislative protection, formulate and promulgate regulations and measures for the management of construction waste, and study relevant legislation on the disposal and resource utilization of construction waste; Second, relevant government departments should study and formulate guiding standards for construction waste disposal charges, decoration waste disposal charges and transportation charges; third, study and formulate a regulatory system for the construction waste industry; fourth, improve the credit management system, and severely punish or remove the "blacklist" enterprises from the market.
05
Conclusion
To sum up, construction waste disposal and resource utilization is an important work to protect the urban ecological environment and promote the development of circular economy, as well as an important part of urban fine management and a livelihood work. This paper makes a detailed and in-depth study on the treatment and utilization of demolition garbage and engineering dregs, and puts forward some measures and suggestions, but there are still many shortcomings and shortcomings in the classified collection and treatment of decoration garbage. It is necessary to strengthen the management of the whole process of construction waste source, transportation and absorption, improve the level of resource utilization, and actively create an ecological, energy-saving, green and beautiful life for the citizens.
浙公网安备33010802003254号