Recently, the State Energy Administration issued the China New Energy Storage Development Report (2025), which studied the international development situation of new energy storage, comprehensively combed the development situation of new energy storage in China in 2024, and looked forward to the development trend of new energy storage industry in 2025. It also summarizes the major events of China's new energy storage development from 2021 to 2024. As the core technology supporting the new power system, the new energy storage has become an important fulcrum for the energy revolution and the realization of the "double carbon" strategic goal. The report puts forward relevant work plans from the aspects of top-level design, development bottlenecks and strategic layout, laying a solid foundation for improving the quality and growth of the new energy storage industry during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
1. Two-way empowerment of top-level design and industrial practice: comprehensive formation
of large-scale development pattern (1) Comprehensive construction of policy system, innovation of system and mechanism to release new momentum
for development At the national level, new energy storage has been written into the Energy Law of the People's Republic of China. To clarify its legal position in power system regulation, the Report on the Work of the Government of 2024 first listed "developing new energy storage" as a key task. The State Energy Administration and other departments have promulgated policies such as the Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of a New Power System and the Implementation Plan for the Special Action for Optimizing the Regulation Capacity of the Power System, which form a closed-loop policy of "planning-standard-market" from the dimensions of grid-connected dispatching, market mechanism and technical research. At the local level, the installed capacity of 17 provinces, such as Shandong and Guangdong, has exceeded one million kilowatts. Through capacity compensation, spot market and other mechanism innovations, the implementation system of "provincial overall planning-city landing-project demonstration" has been constructed.
By the end of 2024, the installed capacity of new energy storage in China had reached 73.76 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 40% of the world's total installed capacity, with an average annual growth rate of over 130%, and the scale has increased by 20 times since the 14th Five-Year Plan. The technical route presents the characteristics of "lithium-battery-led, multi-technology parallel": lithium-ion batteries account for 96.4%, 300,000-kilowatt compressed air energy storage and 100,000-kilowatt flow battery energy storage projects are put into operation, and innovative technologies such as sodium-ion battery energy storage, gravity energy storage, liquid air energy storage and new water system energy storage are developing rapidly. The scale of a single station is more than 100,000 kilowatts and the duration is more than 2 hours. The installed capacity in North China and Northwest China accounts for more than 55%. The growth rate in East China is prominent, and the proportion of newly installed capacity has increased by 8.6 percentage points.
(3) Technological innovation has broken through key links, and the industrial ecology has taken shape
. Lithium-ion battery energy storage has achieved mass production of 500 ampere-hour large-capacity batteries, with a cycle life of 15000 times. Immersion liquid cooling technology has achieved a temperature difference of less than 2 degrees Celsius, and its safety performance has been greatly improved; Compressed air energy storage has conquered 300000 kilowatt salt cavern gas storage technology, and the power density of all-vanadium flow battery stack has been doubled. In terms of industrial scale, the output of energy storage lithium batteries in 2024 was 260 million kilowatt-hours, the total output value exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan, the output of key materials such as cathode materials and diaphragms increased by more than 20% year on year, the price of battery-grade lithium carbonate gradually declined and stabilized, and the overall price of batteries declined steadily. Drive the cost of energy storage system down by 25% -44%.
2. Bottleneck constraints of high-quality industrial development: dual challenges
of technology and market (1) Cost reduction is facing marginal effects, and the economic model needs to be optimized
. However, the initial investment of long-term energy storage (more than 4 hours) is still high, and the cost of all-vanadium redox flow battery system is about 1.6-2.5 times that of lithium-ion battery. The fluctuation of renewable energy price and capacity compensation mechanism have not yet been established, resulting in low internal rate of return of some projects. In addition, the value accounting system of new energy storage in grid substitution, demand side response and other scenarios is not yet perfect, which restricts the innovation of diversified business models.
(2) The implementation and supervision of standards need to be strengthened
. The current new energy storage standards cover more electrochemical energy storage, such as the national standard "Technical Regulations for the Access of Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations to the Grid (GB/T 36547-2024)" and other new regulations, which strengthen the safety requirements and have covered the core risk points of energy storage power stations. However, the implementation gap reflects the systemic challenges in the standard landing. Only through the triple efforts of "standard-regulation-resources", can we solve the dilemma of local implementation, avoid the recurrence of safety accidents, and achieve high safety, low cost and practical battery technology and products. The lack of mutual recognition of international standards restricts China's energy storage technology and equipment to "go to sea", such as the differences between Europe and the United States in grid-connected energy storage standards.
(3) There are weak links in the industrial chain, and collaborative innovation needs to strengthen
the localization of electrolyte, diaphragm and other materials for lithium-ion battery energy storage, but high-end products (such as high temperature resistant diaphragm) still rely on imports. There is a phenomenon of "emphasizing R & D and neglecting engineering" in industry-university-research collaboration, and the collaborative efficiency of equipment manufacturing and project operation needs to be improved.
3. Leading the new paradigm of global energy storage: the strategic path
from "following" to "leading" (1) Building a "pyramid" of technological innovation, breaking through the bottleneck
of long-term energy storage, focusing on the needs of the whole scenario of "short time, medium and long time, ultra-long time", combining big data and new technologies of artificial intelligence. We will promote the upgrading of lithium-ion batteries to a wide temperature range (-40 ℃ -60 ℃) and long life (20,000 cycles), accelerate the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries, break through the technology of compressed air energy storage of 1 million kilowatts and flow battery energy storage of more than 10 hours, and promote the cost reduction of long-term energy storage systems. Relying on the national key R & D plan, we will build a "material-equipment-system-application" full-chain innovation platform, and lay out a 100-megawatt grid-type energy storage demonstration project in Qinghai and Xinjiang to verify the support capacity of new energy storage for a high proportion of new energy grids.
(2) Improve the market mechanism of "combination boxing", release multiple value space
to promote the landing of a unified national capacity compensation mechanism, establish a trinity revenue model of "electric energy market + ancillary service market + capacity market", allow new energy storage to participate in the spot market through "quotation", and promote the development of new energy storage. Explore business models such as "energy storage leasing" and "shared energy storage". To study the alternative benefits of new energy storage to grid investment, promote the application of "energy storage instead of substation" in the bottleneck area of distribution network, and accelerate the realization of full coverage of the economic evaluation system of new energy storage participating in grid planning.
(3) Create a "new advantage" in global competition, build a dual-cycle ecosystem
relying on the "the Belt and Road" initiative, promote the internationalization of energy storage technology standards, lead the formulation of international standards such as "Technical Specifications for Network-Structured Energy Storage Systems", integrate upstream and downstream resources of the industrial chain, and promote the integration of energy storage technology standards. In Saudi Arabia, Australia and other overseas markets, the layout of "wind and solar storage" integration projects, the export of full-chain solutions, to establish China's leading position in the global energy storage industry. At the same time, domestic enterprises are encouraged to "go out" and build energy storage projects overseas to promote the export of energy storage technology and equipment in China, so as to realize the transformation from product export to technology, brand and service export.
New energy storage has become a landmark area for China's energy science and technology self-reliance and development of new quality productivity.The transformation from "scale expansion" to "quality improvement" requires not only the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial synergy, but also the systematic optimization of policy mechanism and market environment. Looking forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan", with the role of new energy storage in the new power system changing from "regulation tool" to "system hub", the safety and practicability will be further improved, and the comprehensive cost will be significantly reduced, which will provide a more valuable "China Plan" for global energy transformation.
(Chen Jun
, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Standing Committee of the Party Committee, Vice President and Professor of Nankai University)
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