Recently, Dr. Ouyang Zi, CTO of Jingao Science and Technology, made a positive response to the public opinion storm of "looking down on HJT".
"Jingao has never said that HJT is dead, and the technology itself is not good or bad." Dr. Ouyang Zi said that he did not look down on HJT , but did not have a cost advantage in large-scale industrialization at this stage.
Prior to November, scientists from Longji, Tianhe and other " generally believed that in the next two years, TOPCon will still occupy 70% of the market share; BC will expand to 20% under the leadership of leading enterprises such as Longji and Aixu; HJT accounts for about 10%. Ouyang Zi's answer at that time was "TOPCon 80%, BC 20%", without mentioning HJT .
Although Ouyang Zi clarified that he "did not look down", we can also see the current "decline" of HJT from the speeches of CTOs of major factories. In
theory, TOPCon, BC and HJT are the three major technology routes that have attracted much attention, but now, TOPCon technology has become popular, and BC technology is expanding rapidly under the impetus of leading factories. HJT technology is almost "invisible" under the halo of TOPCon and BC, and the situation is really embarrassing .
with TOPCon, heterojunction, as a new generation of mass-produced high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cell technology, has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, low temperature coefficient, high double-sided power generation rate and low attenuation rate.
Based on this, heterojunction technology has attracted a large number of such as Huasheng New Energy and Dongfang Risheng. In September this year, the leading photovoltaic company Atlas also officially announced a new generation of heterojunction components, further expanding the heterojunction team.
By the end of August 2025, more than 20 domestic enterprises have built HJT battery production lines, corresponding to the production capacity of about 70 GW of battery production lines, in addition to a number of new and expanded projects in progress.
However, due to the high cost, such as high equipment investment, poor compatibility with PERC production line, and dependence on specific materials such as low-temperature silver paste, the industrial explosion of heterojunction technology has not yet arrived.
But market competition has always been a race against time. In
2024, the new generation of BC technology began to emerge under the leadership of Longji Green Energy, Aixu Stock, Xiexin Science and Technology and other leading photovoltaic enterprises.
According to China Photovoltaic Industry Association's "2024-2025 China Photovoltaic Industry Development Roadmap", the market share of BC battery technology in 2024 has been anti-heterojunction . In 2025, BC's circle of friends has accelerated its expansion and become the next mainstream solar cell technology recognized by more people.
In addition, according to the November edition of the list of the most efficient photovoltaic modules released by TaiyangNews on November 15. The stable mass production efficiency of BC components of Aixu shares and Longji Green Energy has exceeded 24% , covering the top two of the list; Trina Solar and Jinko Energy TOPCon components followed closely . The stable mass production efficiency of HJT modules led by Huasheng New Energy, which is famous for its high efficiency, is only 23
. 
In terms of equipment investment cost, according to the statistics of China Photovoltaic Industry Association, the investment cost of new HJT battery production line in 2024 is about 322 million yuan/GW , exceeding TOPCon (1.As shown in the following figure:
In terms of material cost, low-temperature silver paste is the core.
The data show that the heterojunction module needs to use low temperature curing silver paste, although the amount of silver paste per piece (about 75 mg/piece) is lower than that of TOPCon module (86 mg/piece), but the price of low temperature silver paste is higher . At the same time, with the recent record high price of silver, the cost of silver paste for heterojunction is still relatively high.
The second is the flat conversion efficiency of mass production. In the past, heterojunction technology was called "superior" because of its high efficiency, but its current performance has gradually lagged behind that of BC battery technology.
According to the statistics of China Photovoltaic Industry Association, The average conversion efficiency of N-type TOPCon, HJT and BC cells produced on a large scale in 2024 will reach 25.4% and 25.6% respectively. 26. as follows:
Moreover, from the perspective of line-ups strength of enterprises, there is a wide gap.
The current mainstream TOPCon is supported by many leading enterprises such as Jingke and Jingao; BC is led by leading enterprises such as Longji and Aixu; On the contrary, HJT only involves a few leading enterprises such as Huasheng, Dongfang Risheng and Atlas, and more second-and third-tier echelon enterprises, with relatively limited capital investment and industrial scale.
Fortunately, in March 2024, after the heterogeneous enterprises realized this problem, they jointly initiated the establishment of the "760W + Club", aiming to enhance the voice of the camp by integrating resources to "hold a group to warm up" . But at that time, BC technology has emerged as a new force, and the momentum is rapid, at this time, it seems too late to "hold together". What is
more alarming is that this year, there have been successive explosions of heterojunction enterprises such as Aikang Science and Technology, Jiayu Stock and Jingang Photovoltaic. These enterprises originally hoped to achieve curve overtaking through the layout of heterojunction technology, but before the technology officially came on stage, they had no choice but to withdraw from the market and go bankrupt because they could not withstand the cold winter of the industry.
Finally, the development of heterojunction technology is facing the cold winter of photovoltaic industry, which can be described as "born at the wrong time". People
familiar with the photovoltaic circle know that since the second half of 2023, the photovoltaic industry has entered a downward cycle, the imbalance between supply and demand of production capacity has become increasingly prominent, and the price of the main industrial chain has once fallen below the cost line..
In this context, there is no room for large-scale new heterojunction production lines in China, and since 2023, most photovoltaic enterprises have fallen into losses, and are unable to invest in new high-cost heterojunction technology.
In fact, even before the cold winter of the industry, heterojunction technology has not been industrialized for decades because of its immature development, insufficient influence and appeal. Nowadays, the external environment continues to decline, and some of its own shortcomings have not been completed, so HJT technology may be difficult to achieve a significant breakthrough in 3-5 years.
At the same time, Xing Zhou, vice president of Anhui Huasheng New Energy, said, "The domestic photovoltaic industry is in a period of policy adjustment, and the rate of return on project investment is under pressure from market fluctuations, while the acceptance of heterojunction in overseas markets such as Europe and the Middle East has increased significantly.".
"In the next two or three years, overseas heterojunction capacity may become a very scarce resource." Earlier, Dr. Yang Bochuan, president of Dongfang Risheng Global Photovoltaic Research Institute, said in an interview about overseas markets.
The second is to create differentiated scenario application products. Compared with TOPCon and BC, HJT components perform better in high temperature, double-sided rate and low-light environment, and are more suitable for application scenarios such as Shagohuang, Haiguang and vertical installation . Zeng Qingzhi, chairman of
Zhejiang Runhai New Energy Co., Ltd., said, "The vertical installation scenario is in line with the current trend of new energy price marketization.". Heterojunction is installed vertically with the advantage of weak light, and its peak of power generation is in the morning and evening, just avoiding the peak of power generation of traditional photovoltaic power stations, increasing the amount of electricity on the grid and increasing the income of electricity price.
Third, technology cost reduction. The data show that silver paste accounts for 40% -60% of the cost of heterojunction non-silicon, which has a significant impact on the overall cost of the battery. At present, heterojunction enterprises have also made breakthroughs in reducing the cost of silver paste. Wang Wenjing, chief scientist
of Huasheng New Energy, said, "At present, Huasheng has reduced silver consumption to 5% through technologies such as 0BB and silver-clad copper.".Long Wei, Minister of Battery Development
of Tongwei Photovoltaic Technology Center, said, "At the current silver price level, the cost of Tongwei's high-power heterojunction modules and high-power TOPCon modules has basically been balanced.". Zhang Wenbin, CTO
of Guosheng Shi'an Science and Technology Co., Ltd., proposed that through the synchronous processing design of vertical double narrow plates, the theoretical production capacity can reach twice the traditional process, and the processing cost is expected to be reduced by nearly 50%.
In addition, Guo Wanwu, deputy general manager of China Building Material Junxin Technology Co., Ltd., said that the current heterojunction has been introduced into ultra-low silver consumption, superimposed silicon wafer and equipment localization, the cost is expected to be the same as TOPCON.
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