As the core technology of the third generation of solar cells, perovskite batteries once carried high expectations of subverting the industry, but recently encountered collective "cooling" from many industry experts.
"The stability of crystalline silicon technology is very strong, but the stability of perovskite is far from meeting the requirements.". It may take five years, 10 years or never to find a truly stable perovskite material .
On November 17, Professor Martin Green, the "Father of Solar Energy in the World", was
asked when the crystalline silicon/perovskite stack module would achieve GW level mass production. Professor Martin Green said, "Only after the stability problem of perovskite is really solved , can stack technology be scaled up to GW scale.".
The next day, Shen Wenzhong, honorary director of the Shanghai Solar Energy Society, also said, "It may take seven or eight years, or even longer , for perovskite to really achieve mass production ." But the premise is that the stability of perovskite should be thoroughly solved .
As a new material in the field of optoelectronics, perovskite has attracted much attention because of its high efficiency and low cost .
Specifically, compared with the mainstream crystalline silicon cells, perovskite not only has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also has a single junction theoretical efficiency of more than 30% . Its raw material cost is only 1/20 of that of traditional crystalline silicon.
Similarly, in recent years, the perovskite field has been highly sought after by capital. According to Digital New Energy DataBM.
However, nowadays, the judgment of two professors, Martin Green and Shen Wenzhong, that the industrialization of perovskite is "perhaps far away" has to make 19, Scientists from seven " such as Longji Green Energy, Trina Solar Energy and Zhengtai Xinneng have almost admitted that perovskite and perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cell technology. Undoubtedly, the current " has a promising future, but the road is long , which summarizes the consensus of the current industry on the development of this technology.
(Some points are arranged as follows)
Song Dengyuan, CTO of Yiyi Xinneng, said that although he saw a bright future, But as Professor Martin Green said, " Maybe if the reliability of perovskite batteries can not be solved, it will be difficult to apply them on a large scale.".
In view of the commercial application of perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem cells, Song Dengyuan considered two adaptability problems, one is the adaptability of current , the other is the adaptability of natural spectrum .
He believes that before these problems break through, there may be a question mark over the large-scale application of perovskite/tandem batteries. However, as CTO, Song Dengyuan said that "we will actively challenge the future and expect that with the efforts of all parties, the two-terminal and four-terminal stacked batteries will show good results in the actual demonstration more quickly".
Trina Solar Chen Yifeng:
"Perovskite tandem battery is definitely the future direction, but the reliability is very poor at present." Chen Yifeng, vice president
of Trina Solar Energy and deputy director of the National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, said that the company was doubtful when it started to study perovskite in 2014, but now facts have proved that the efficiency advantage of perovskite tandem batteries is very prominent, and the development speed is very fast. That is to say , the annual efficiency can be increased by 1% , which is twice that of crystalline silicon cells.
However, it is undeniable that the stability of perovskite is always a difficult barrier for the industry to overcome.
"In the early days, this material was taken out of the laboratory and put into the air. It changed color with the naked eye. Its life span was only a few seconds. It was afraid of water, oxygen and even light at first." Chen Yifeng admitted that even with the progress of current technology, perovskite tandem batteries still face the problem of attenuation, " which may be 20% in two months".
Chen Yifeng believes that from a dialectical point of view, perovskite tandem battery is definitely the future direction, although the current reliability is very poor, but the technology development is also the fastest, he reminded the industry, "to hold a cautious attitude, while embracing hope to solve the problem". Ouyang Zi
of Jingao Science and Technology:
"We should maintain a cautious and optimistic attitude and solve them one by one." Ouyang Zi, CTO
of Jingao Science and Technology, believes that if perovskite/laminated battery technology is not used, how to maintain 0.6% of the battery per year and 0% of the module per year in recent years.
"To maintain a cautious and optimistic attitude," for perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem batteries in the photothermal, mechanical properties of the attenuation of the problem, "one by one to solve it.". "I think it will be solved."
Longji Green Energy Tong Hongbo:
"We can explore more possibilities of perovskite in the field of commercial applications." Tong Hongbo, president of the First Research Institute of
the Longji Green Energy Academia Sinica, has found a new way. "Perovskites have better bending resistance, and based on this, we can explore the possibility of their commercial applications," he said.
In Tong Hongbo's view, perovskite does not necessarily need to think about "reliability comparison" or "substitution relationship" with crystalline silicon . What we need to think more about is the application of the two differentiated scenarios.
In addition, Tong Hongbo also admitted that "the current perovskite technology does not yet have mature equipment and mass production technology of 100 MW and GW levels, and Longji Green Energy will do research and development and evaluation work from these dimensions in the future".Wang Wenjing
of Huasheng New Energy:
"Perovskite technology still has a lot of things that can not be finalized." Wang Wenjing, chief scientist
of Huasheng New Energy, proposed that technology industrialization must go through five stages : the first step is the process finalization in the laboratory; the second step is the development of industrial equipment; the third step is the improvement of yield and industrialization rate; the fourth step is the reliability of industrial products; The fifth step is cost.
Wang Wenjing pointed out that "the reason why perovskite is still far away from the construction of 100-megawatt battery lines and component lines is that there are still many things that can not be finalized in perovskite technology.".
Zhengtai Xinneng Xu Weizhi:
"Keep enthusiastic, but keep calm at the same time."
"Although the relevant standards and recommendations in the field of crystalline silicon are strict, reliability and stability are absolutely the hard indicators for commercialization." Zhengtai Xinneng CTO Xu Weizhi said.
Therefore, Xu Weizhi suggested that perovskite partners should " remain enthusiastic , but at the same time remain calm ".
In addition, Xu Weizhi suggested that perovskite practitioners should go out of the laboratory more, "Perovskite, whether single junction or laminated, needs to accumulate outdoor empirical data, and more product thinking and application thinking of components." At the same time, it also reminds us of the diversity of prediction verification methods and the importance of measurement standards for technology.
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