Chinese government issued the national strategy of "Made in China 2025", which determined to enter the ranks of manufacturing powers in 2025, to reach the middle level of the world's manufacturing powers by 2035, and to enter the forefront of the world's manufacturing powers by the centenary of the founding of New China. Countries around the world have paid more attention to the release and implementation of Made-in-China 2025, among which the United States has been particularly concerned that the implementation of Made-in-China 2025 will not only rob China of its own science and technology market, but also threaten the United States in science and technology, military and national defense, and even crush the United States. The United States has launched a so-called "301 investigation" into China's manufacturing industry, vowing to launch a trade war with China.
First, the US trade war with China refers to the 184-page "301 Survey" report of "Made in China 2025"
. The report focuses on China's industrial policies represented by Made in China 2025 and the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020). Officials from the Office of the United States Trade Representative told Congress that the "301 Survey" was intended to interfere with the efforts identified in Made in China 2025 to make China an international leader in manufacturing. According to Wall Street News, U.S. Trade Representative Lighthizer listed ten high-tech industries that may be covered by tariffs on China, saying they are the main industries that China plans to develop in Made in China 2025.
2. The impact
of the trade war on the cement industry Cement is not only an important basic raw material industry to promote the development of China's national economy, but also a basic product industry to improve people's livelihood. It is also an important supporting industry for the development of strategic emerging industries such as national defense industry, rail transit and marine engineering. Cement, as an important part of China's manufacturing power strategy, is naturally the target of tax increase in the US trade war with China. In 2016, China's total exports to the United States amounted to 385.7 billion US dollars, and the export scale of high-tech industries classified as the target of US tariffs was 238.6 billion US dollars. Among them, the manufacturing of electronic communication equipment is highly dependent on the export of the United States, and the building materials industry is relatively small in terms of export scale and export output ratio.
Figure 1 Scale of China's Exports to the United States by Industry (US $100 million)
Source: OECD, First Financial Research Institute
Source: OECD, First Financial Research Institute
China is the main source of the US trade deficit. Although the proportion of cement industry is affected by macro-economy, it may face changes in the demand side in the short term. With the rapid growth of China's economic scale, the impact of domestic demand spillover on the world has increased significantly, and China has gradually become an important provider of global demand.
On the whole, Sino-US trade frictions may accelerate the "the Belt and Road", and domestic infrastructure is still developing steadily. 1.2
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To sum up, China's economic development has entered a new normal, and the development of manufacturing industry is facing new challenges. China's manufacturing industry must develop in the high-tech field, and the trade war is both a challenge and an opportunity for China. As one of the important industries supporting the development of the national economy, the cement industry is facing the problems of serious overcapacity, serious decline in economic efficiency and insufficient independent innovation capability. It is urgent to adjust the structure, transform and upgrade, and improve quality and efficiency.
3. Solutions and main tasks
are to vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the cement industry, promote the industrial transformation in the era of intellectualization, help the cement industry play a greater role in the "the Belt and Road" strategy and "Made in China 2025", comprehensively support the development of national strategic emerging industries and major construction projects, and promote the development of the cement industry. The technological upgrading, transformation and upgrading of the cement industry will focus on the transformation of production mode from high load of resources and energy to low carbon, green and environmental protection, the transformation of manufacturing technology from traditional intensive to digital, information and intelligent, and the systematic development of high performance materials, major common key technologies and application research, so as to achieve high efficiency, low energy consumption manufacturing and application of high performance building materials.
1) Promote the transformation and upgrading of the cement industry and accelerate the upgrading of basic materials.
Give full play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, organize large enterprises and industry-university-research alliances in the industry to bravely challenge the world's leading level, comprehensively upgrade the technology and equipment level of China's cement manufacturing industry, aim the core technologies of major industries at the world's leading level to organize innovation and tackle key problems, and comprehensively curb the replication of middle and low-grade technical equipment. The traditional cement manufacturing industry will be upgraded to an innovative, modern, informationized, intelligent, high-end, fully functional and recyclable green ecological industry. We will further promote the innovative research and development of the "two second-generation" technology and equipment. After the two "second-generation" technology and equipment innovations have been fully successful, they will not only be fully promoted in the industry, but also be used for reference by other industrial organizations of building materials, aiming at the innovation and upgrading of the international leading level in combination with the actual situation of different industries. We will vigorously promote the use of new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials in the traditional cement industry, especially the application of information technology in traditional industries, and improve the level of automation and intelligence in factories. We should attach importance to the combination of technological transformation and technological innovation. On the one hand, we should actively adopt the latest achievements of technological innovation in technological transformation. On the other hand, we should promote the optimization of production equipment, process routes, production processes and products in technological transformation, and constantly improve the level of new technologies.
2) Accelerate the deep integration of "two modernizations" and improve the level of intelligence.
Taking intelligent manufacturing as the main direction of deep integration of two modernizations, we should focus on the development of integration and application technology in intelligent process design, system simulation, artificial intelligence operation and management, digital design mode of product life cycle, automatic control system and equipment characterized by digitalization, intellectualization and networking, so as to improve the level of intelligent manufacturing. Accelerate the development of information resources and the construction of public service platform in the cement industry, adopt the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and the cement industry in terms of equipment, technology, production, management and service, and realize the innovative and green development of the cement industry. We will strengthen the research and application demonstration of intelligent technologies such as industrial Internet and intelligent robots in the production process of cement industry, and accelerate the establishment of a modern
production system represented by intelligent factories. Establish an industrial Internet system with stable and optimized operation of raw materials, production equipment and production process suitable for product orders, product quality, material consumption and emission, so as to realize intelligent transformation.
3) Promote green manufacturing in an all-round way and promote green and low-carbon transformation of cement industry.
We will comprehensively promote the green transformation of cement manufacturing industry, intensify the research and development of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, processes and equipment, and vigorously develop and promote green technology and equipment such as waste heat recovery, water recycling, raw material and fuel substitution, and integration of desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal. Strengthen the research and development of comprehensive utilization technology of resources, vigorously develop industrial tailings and construction waste, form cascade utilization, replace natural sand and stone to produce concrete and building materials products; carry out deep processing of fly ash, coal gangue, chemical by-product gypsum, etc., to form high value-added products such as high-performance concrete admixture, refractory raw materials, high-strength gypsum, etc.; Steel slag, vanadium titanium slag, fly ash, carbide slag and other industrial solid wastes are used to replace all or part of natural raw materials to produce low-carbon cement and other building materials, taking a resource-saving and environment-friendly development path.
4) Strengthen quality brand building and improve the level of international development.
Strengthen the main responsibility of enterprise quality, support enterprises to improve quality online monitoring, online control and product life cycle quality traceability, encourage qualified enterprises to pursue excellent quality, form famous brand products with independent intellectual property rights, enhance enterprise brand value, and promote key product technology and safety standards to reach the international advanced level in an all-round way; Promote business model innovation, improve product quality and increase product added value. Implementing the major strategic plan of "the Belt and Road", speeding up the transfer of superior building materials production capacity to foreign countries and enterprises going out, deepening international industrial cooperation, promoting industrial cooperation from processing and manufacturing links to high-end links such as cooperative research and development, joint design, marketing and brand cultivation, and improving the level of international cooperation.
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