July 3, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs announced that, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China, the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China and the Customs Law of the People's Republic of China, in order to safeguard national security and interests, with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs have decided to implement export control on gallium and germanium-related items. The announcement has been formally implemented since August 1, 2023.
The announcement clearly States that items that meet the following characteristics are not licensed. Not to be exported:
1. Gallium-related items: gallium metal (simple substance), gallium nitride (including but not limited to wafer, powder, scrap and other forms), gallium oxide (including but not limited to polycrystalline, monocrystalline, wafer, epitaxial wafer, powder, scrap and other forms), gallium phosphide (including but not limited to polycrystalline, monocrystalline, wafer, epitaxial wafer and other forms), Gallium arsenide (including but not limited to polycrystal, single crystal, wafer, epitaxial wafer, powder, scrap, etc.), indium gallium arsenide, gallium selenide (including but not limited to polycrystal, single crystal, wafer, epitaxial wafer, powder, scrap, etc.), gallium antimonide (including but not limited to polycrystal, single crystal, wafer, epitaxial wafer, powder, scrap, etc.);
2. Germanium related items: metal germanium (simple substance, including but not limited to crystal, powder, scrap and other forms), zone melting germanium ingot, phosphorus germanium zinc (including but not limited to crystal, powder, scrap and other forms), germanium epitaxial growth substrate, germanium dioxide, germanium tetrachloride.
The announcement emphasizes that exporters who export without permission, beyond the scope of permission or in other illegal situations shall be given administrative penalties by the Ministry of Commerce or the Customs in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
It is reported that gallium and germanium are important raw materials in the photovoltaic field. It is reported that gallium used in photovoltaic silicon wafers can solve the problem of light attenuation of PERC batteries. Gallium is also used in the manufacture of solar cells, such as gallium arsenide III-V solar cells. The battery has two characteristics of heat resistance, radiation resistance and the like, and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Germanium photovoltaic cell is a new type of photovoltaic cell material. Compared with traditional silicon photovoltaic cell, germanium photovoltaic cell has higher energy conversion efficiency. At present, the efficiency of germanium photovoltaic cells has reached about 21%.
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