With the vigorous development of information technology and the continuous integration of economic operation modes, digital economy has become a "new engine" for high-quality development. On February 27, 2023, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Overall Layout Plan for the Construction of Digital China, clarifying the overall framework of "2522" for the construction of digital China, and taking the construction of digital China as a new index for the assessment of leading cadres. The Plan mainly emphasizes three aspects: first, consolidating the "two foundations" of digital infrastructure and data resource system; second, promoting the deep integration of digital technology with economy, politics, culture, society and ecology; third, strengthening the "two capabilities" of digital technology innovation system and digital security barrier, which points out the direction for China's medium and long-term digital construction and development.
Abstract
1. First, the central government attaches great importance to "steering" the overall layout of the digital economy. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party and the state have attached great importance to the development of digital economy, emphasizing the necessity of digital economy on many important occasions such as the collective study of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the national working conference. Secondly, the national policy is frequent, and the "escort" digital economy is developing rapidly. In recent years, China has issued a number of policy documents from the overall strategy, top-level design, statistical measurement and other aspects to support the comprehensive development of the digital economy. Third, industry planning leads to the full deployment of the "multi-measures" digital economy. Based on information and communication technology, around agriculture, industry, manufacturing, service industry and other industries, China has issued a number of guiding documents to promote digital development in an all-round way. The Plan further clarifies the construction objectives, that is, by 2025, important progress will be made in the construction of digital China; by 2035, the level of digital development will be in the forefront of the world, and great achievements will be made in the construction of digital China.
2. In terms of digital infrastructure, firstly, from the perspective of the industrial chain, infrastructure construction and other underlying structures are the upstream of the industrial chain, and data and computing networks are the core elements; secondly, from the perspective of the development of the digital economy, infrastructure construction provides a solid foundation for the development of the digital economy. In terms of data resources, national policies were frequently implemented. In 2022, the path of data assets entering the table was clarified and the top-level design of data was introduced. In 2023, local governments made explorations and introduced relevant policies. It is not difficult to find that the development of new infrastructure and credit creation has achieved remarkable results. First, the information infrastructure construction is perfect; second, the integration of infrastructure construction is developing steadily; third, the layout of innovation infrastructure is optimized.
3. Digital empowerment drives all-round improvement of total factor production. Data is a new factor of production coordinated with capital, labor and technology, and a new paradigm of industrial technology and economy has been formed. Data elements realize their own value in the market-oriented process of collection, confirmation, pricing, trading and circulation, while producing externalities and value spillover effects, promoting the continuous enrichment of digital application examples and empowering traditional industries. At the economic level, the digital economy has entered a period of rapid development, and the industrial penetration rate has increased; at the political level, the construction of digital government has achieved remarkable results, and the governance of digital government has been fruitful; at the social level, the construction of smart cities has highlighted new features, and the construction of digital villages has stimulated new momentum.
4. US sanctions continue to increase, technological "decoupling" continues to escalate, and "national security" remains the main line. Supply chain security and digital security are the inevitable requirements of digital China, the status of scientific and technological self-reliance has been unprecedentedly enhanced, strengthening digital security has become the key (such as network security, data storage, related software, etc.), and the "bottleneck" areas such as basic software and hardware will become the key direction of national investment. 5.1
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Frequent national policies, "escort" the rapid development of digital economy. In recent years, China has issued a number of multi-level and wide-ranging policy documents to support the comprehensive development of the digital economy. In terms of overall strategy, in August 2018, the release of the Outline of Digital Economy Development Strategy marked the first implementation of the overall strategy of digital economy at the national level; in May 2019, the Outline of Digital Rural Development Strategy promoted the deep integration of Internet and characteristic agriculture, consolidated the foundation of digital agriculture, and promoted the digital transformation of agriculture; In terms of top-level design, in January 2022, the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy established the guiding ideology for the development of digital economy, and defined the development goals and key tasks under the guidance of basic principles. In February 2023, the Overall Layout Plan for the Construction of Digital China further clarified the construction objectives, that is, by 2025, the construction of digital China will make significant progress; by 2035, the level of digital development will be in the forefront of the world, and the construction of digital China will make significant achievements. In addition, the Plan takes the construction of digital China as a reference for the assessment and evaluation of Party and government leading cadres. Report on the Work of the Government
around the world have more ink on the goals and paths of digital transformation. For example, Shanghai proposes to "focus on promoting urban digital transformation and accelerate the construction of an international digital capital with world influence"; Beijing proposes to "accelerate the construction of a global digital economy benchmark city and accelerate the construction of a smart city"; Zhejiang Province is committed to strengthening, optimizing and expanding the digital economy, and vigorously implements the "No.1 Development Project" of the digital economy; Guangdong Province put forward the idea of "promoting the construction of strong network provinces and digital Guangdong, and promoting the construction of Shaoguan Data Center Cluster, the national hub node of the National Integrated Computing Power Network Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area".
2. In terms of infrastructure, we will accelerate the coordinated construction of 5G network and gigabit optical network, further promote the large-scale deployment and application of IPv6, promote the comprehensive development of mobile Internet of Things, and vigorously promote the large-scale application of Beidou. The system optimizes the layout of computing power infrastructure, promotes the efficient complementarity and coordination of computing power between the East and the West, and guides the rational layout of general data centers, supercomputing centers, intelligent computing centers and edge data centers. In terms of data resources, we should build a national data management system and mechanism, and improve the overall management of data at all levels. We will promote the pooling and utilization of public data and build national data repositories in important areas such as public health, science and technology, and education. Release the value potential of commercial data and speed up the establishment of data property rights system.
From the perspective of industrial chain, infrastructure construction and other underlying structures are the upstream of the industrial chain, and data and computing power network are the core elements. Specifically, the construction of upstream facilities relies on 5G base stations, optical fiber cables, chips, PCBs, optical modules and other scientific and technological sectors to provide support, including chips, batteries and other basic components; wireless equipment, transmission equipment and other communication equipment; sensors, integrated circuits and other core components, as well as data sources and underlying architecture and other data elements.
From the perspective of the development of digital economy, the construction of infrastructure provides a solid foundation for the development of digital economy. The new infrastructure proposed at the Central Economic Work Conference in 2018 is built from three aspects of information, integration and innovation, with the help of 5G, big data, artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies.
Data elements play an irreplaceable role in economic development. On the one hand, China has the endowment of data resources, and the value of data elements (the value of data elements includes three stages: data resources, data assets and data capitalization) brings opportunities. The full utilization and rational development of digital elements can promote the improvement of total factor productivity, which is the "accelerator" of high-quality development. It is helpful to optimize the industrial chain and enhance the competitiveness. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally recognized the economic value of digital elements, and China became the first country in the world to clearly develop data elements, which is expected to gain competitive advantage. On the other hand, data elements have a multiplier effect on other elements such as capital and labor, which enlarges the value of each element in the circulation of industrial chain.
In recent years, the development of new infrastructure and credit creation has achieved remarkable results. First, the construction of information infrastructure is perfect. The penetration rate of broadband users continues to increase, the world's largest optical fiber and mobile broadband network has been built, a total of 1.968 million 5G base stations have been opened, the total amount of low and medium frequency resources ranks in the forefront of the world, and the number of active users of the sixth version of the Internet Protocol (IPv6) has reached 6.5g. Efficient connection of innovative applications such as telemedicine and e-commerce. As of 2022, the penetration rate of digital R & D and design tools in China's industrial enterprises has reached 75.1%, up 26% from 2012. The dominant position of innovation has been continuously consolidated, and nearly 50% of the major national science and technology infrastructure has been completed and operated, and some of the facilities have entered the first phalanx in the world.
3. The first is to strengthen, optimize and expand the digital economy, foster and strengthen the core industries of the digital economy, promote the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy, and support the development and growth of digital enterprises; the second is to develop efficient and coordinated digital government affairs; the third is to create a confident and prosperous digital culture; the fourth is to build an inclusive and convenient digital society; The five is to build a green and intelligent digital ecological civilization.
At present, data has become a new factor of production coordinated with capital, labor and technology, and a new paradigm of industrial technology and economy has been formed. From the perspective of economic paradigm, digital economy enriches the production function from the perspective of production factors, adds data factors to the production factors of "land-labor-capital-technology" in the original agricultural economy and industrial economy period, and iteratively increases the mode of "land-labor-capital-technology-data". Digitalization and artificial intelligence technology, as the core driving force, enhance the externality and value spillover effect of data in the process of data collection, data confirmation, data pricing, data circulation, data analysis and data transaction, and constantly enrich digital application examples. Digital economy enables traditional industries, effectively integrates data resources and technical operations, and realizes the initial development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization in collaboration and sharing.
At the political level, the construction of digital government has achieved remarkable results. On the basis of the construction of the national integrated government service platform, a data sharing and exchange system covering the departments of the State Council, 31 provinces (districts, municipalities) and Sinkiang Production and Construction Corps has been gradually formed. At
the social level, the construction of smart cities highlights new features, and the construction of digital villages stimulates new momentum. In June 2021, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Technical Guidelines for the Basic Platform of Urban Information Model (CIM), which responded to the development goals of digital economy in the 14th Five-Year Plan. Nearly 30 provinces and municipalities in China plan to speed up the construction of smart cities and take various measures to build urban agents with deep learning capabilities. Taking Chongchuan Economic Development Zone as an example, through the construction of information infrastructure and the integration of multiple digital resources, it has built a community system with both intelligent management and technical services, and the Internet penetration rate in both urban and rural areas has increased year by year.
4. First, we should build a self-reliant and self-reliant digital technology innovation system and tackle key core technologies through the new national system. Second, we should build a credible and controllable digital security barrier, enhance the ability of data security, and establish a basic system of data classification and classification protection.
US sanctions continue to increase, technological "decoupling" continues to escalate, and "national security" remains the main line. Supply chain security and digital security are the inevitable requirements of digital China, the status of scientific and technological self-reliance has been unprecedentedly enhanced, strengthening digital security has become the key (such as network security, data storage, related software, etc.), and the "bottleneck" areas such as basic software and hardware will become the key direction of national investment.
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