Under the market environment of the implementation of upstream hydrogen production projects and the gradual expansion of downstream hydrogen energy application, the storage and transportation end of the hydrogen energy industry chain seems to be still "climbing and rolling". It is very important to
improve hydrogen energy infrastructure such as hydrogenation stations, which is related to whether the bridge between hydrogen production and application can be opened as soon as possible and whether it can play a link role.
The hydrogenation station is composed of hydrogen unloading system, pressurization system, hydrogen storage system and hydrogenation system. The gas unloading system is mainly composed of a long tube trailer for transporting hydrogen and a gas unloading column, and the hydrogen on the long tube trailer is unloaded through the gas unloading column. In the whole hydrogenation station, the core equipment is hydrogen compressor, high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen filling machine. Among them, the performance and durability of hydrogen compressor, as the equipment to realize hydrogen pressurization, directly determine the scale and later maintenance cost of the hydrogenation station.
Hydrogen compressor is the key single equipment of hydrogenation station, which is related to the core technology of hydrogenation station construction. At present, hydrogen compressor accounts for 30% of the total construction cost, which is the key to reduce the cost of hydrogen station construction. Because hydrogen has the characteristics of low density and low energy density, the hydrogen compressor must have the characteristics of large pressure bearing, large flow, good safety and sealing, and pursue less energy loss as much as possible. At present, piston and diaphragm compressors are mostly used in domestic hydrogen refueling stations. Classification
of
hydrogen compressors According to different working principles and internal structures, compressors can be divided into mechanical compressors and non-mechanical compressors. Mechanical compressors are divided into four categories: liquid-driven compressors, diaphragm compressors, linear compressors and ionic liquid compressors. Non-mechanical compressors are divided into cryogenic liquid pumps, metal hydride compressors, electrochemical hydrogen compressors and adsorption compressors. Because hydrogen has the characteristics of low density and small volume energy density, the hydrogen compressor must have the characteristics of large pressure bearing, large flow, safety and good sealing, so as to prevent the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement and pursue less energy loss as far as possible. At present, liquid-driven compressors and diaphragm compressors are mostly used in domestic hydrogenation stations. Ionic liquid compressors are mainly used in foreign countries, and are generally used in hydrogenation stations with high hydrogen storage pressure (generally about 90 MPa). The ionic liquid compressor made by
utilizing the incompressibility of the ionic liquid almost does not generate vapor pressure, has great advantages compared with the common hydrogen compressor due to the high pressure generated by metal under the isothermal condition, can operate for a long time, reduces the maintenance cost and saves the energy consumption. The ionic liquid compressor has a simple structure, and the number of parts is greatly reduced compared with a common compressor, so the ionic liquid compressor is convenient to maintain. For ionic liquid compressors, there are many natural gas filling stations and some hydrogenation stations in use abroad, and domestic products are still in the stage of research and development. Hydraulic oil is used as the driving medium for the liquid-driven
compressor. The piston on the driving side drives the gas pressurizing piston to move to realize the suction and push of gas. A one-way valve is installed on the cylinder on the gas side. When the piston returns, the gas pressure opens the one-way valve on the suction side. The one-way valve at the output side is closed to realize air suction. When the piston is pushed, the one-way valve at the suction side is closed, and the one-way valve at the output side is opened to realize gas output. The compressor is double-headed, and the piston can realize two times of pressurization in one reciprocating cycle, so the pressurization efficiency is high. The invention has the advantages that the technology is mature, a large amount of industrial experience is accumulated, the pressure range is large, the system structure is simple, and the gas and the lubricating oil are not contacted in the working process, thereby ensuring that carbon is mixed into the hydrogen, and avoiding the failure of the reaction between the membrane electrode and the carbon in the downstream application. However, due to its own structural limitations, it is only suitable for small and medium displacement and high pressure conditions. The product is suitable for experimental hydrogen refueling stations and mobile hydrogen refueling stations with discontinuous operation. The working principle of the 
diaphragm compressor is that the motor drives the crankshaft to rotate, the crankshaft drives the connecting rod, and the connecting rod drives the piston to reciprocate, so that the piston uses hydraulic oil to drive the diaphragm, the diaphragm is clamped by two limiting plates along the periphery to form a cylinder, and the diaphragm is driven by hydraulic pressure to reciprocate in the cylinder, so as to realize the compression and transmission of gas. The main difference between it and liquid-driven compressor is that liquid oil and diaphragm are added between piston and gas, which increases the sealing performance, further reduces the contact between "carbon" and gas, and has high cleanliness. Its disadvantage is similar to the piston type, and it is only used for small and medium displacement and high pressure conditions. The discharge pressure of the more advanced compressor can reach 100 MPa, the flow is 200 Nm ³/H ~ 700 Nm ³/H, and the efficiency can reach 80% ~ 85%. The output pressure of the compressor with three-layer metal diaphragm structure is more than 85 MPa, and the maximum discharge pressure of multi-stage compression can reach 400 MPa. The product is suitable for hydrogenation stations with large average daily hydrogenation capacity and continuous operation. Comparison
of the characteristics of
various types of hydrogen compressors from the point of view of price and later maintenance, the cost of a single diaphragm compressor is higher, and much higher than that of domestic equipment. With the increase of localization rate in the future, the price of single liquid-driven compressor is low, but the energy consumption is high, and the cost of spare parts replacement and maintenance is high. 
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