Under the background of promoting the dual-carbon strategy, hydrogen energy has become one of the important options to improve the traditional energy structure of "rich coal, poor oil and less gas". Among them, what is the development prospect of hydrogen batteries in China? What are the main advantages and constraints? Ccement. Com/richtext/IMG/pfcf72jnf11687325875586. Hydrogen energy, as its name implies, uses hydrogen as a secondary energy source, which is basically hydrogen in this case. Similar to electric energy, other forms of energy are converted into hydrogen energy, and then hydrogen energy is converted into other forms of energy by various means.
doesn't look too low, but in order to make use of hydrogen, we need to convert hydrogen into other forms of energy again. If it is converted into electricity, the efficiency of the existing fuel cell is about 50%, and the combined efficiency of hydrogen is about 40%. This value is still a relatively ideal result, and the probability in actual use is lower than this.
Because there are two more processes of electricity to hydrogen and hydrogen to electricity in the use of hydrogen energy, its efficiency is bound to be lower than that of pure electricity, so unless there is a new hydrogen production and conversion path, it is difficult to make a big breakthrough in the efficiency of hydrogen.
Of course, in addition to electrolyzed water, fossil fuels can also be used to produce hydrogen. Its efficiency is actually much higher than that of electrolyzed water. It is the most economical means of hydrogen production now, but it is not environmentally friendly, and it will certainly not be the focus of future development, so it will not be considered here.
(2) The storage and transportation of hydrogen energy is too difficult
. Hydrogen energy can not be called energy for the time being, but the carrier of energy. Compared with electricity, it is convenient to store and fill. However, the convenience of transportation and transformation can not catch up with electricity.
The first category: gaseous storage
needs to pressurize hydrogen to about 35Mpa for storage. Under such conditions, 120 L of hydrogen can be converted into more than 50 kilowatt-hours of electricity. The power density is too low. Now the world's more advanced hydrogen storage tank should be 70 Mpa. Then 120L can be converted to about 100 kilowatt-hours of electricity, and this energy density has a certain competitiveness, but the transportation of such high-pressure equipment should only be managed according to dangerous goods in China, and the transportation capacity is very worrying.
The second category: Liquid storage
Liquid hydrogen storage can greatly improve the energy density of hydrogen storage, but hydrogen is too active. In order to liquefy hydrogen, the temperature needs to be reduced to minus 253 degrees Celsius. What is the concept? You should know that absolute zero is minus 273 degrees Celsius, which is 20 degrees higher than absolute zero. In order to maintain such a low temperature, it needs to consume a lot of energy, which leads to the transmission distance of hydrogen will not be too far.
3: The haze problem can be solved by establishing a hydrogen energy utilization system.
4: Hydrogen energy is in the embryonic stage in the United States, Japan and South Korea. Although the proportion of hydrogen energy in these countries is less than one in ten thousand, "science and technology masters" believe that the use of hydrogen energy in these countries is advanced and has made great contributions. China attaches great importance to its national strategy, and local governments have put it in place with great energy.
5: How to break through the hydrogen energy industry in China?
B. Establish a major national special project for hydrogen energy and create an era of hydrogen energy heavy truck.
And C, that waste electric pow is fully utilized, and the hydrogen production cost is reduce. In the
above view, the conclusion that hydrogen energy is the haze terminator is very correct, but it is also useless. In 2013, the haze problem began to be taken seriously, such as the haze problem in Beijing and other places has been alleviated for more than five years, which has nothing to do with hydrogen energy, and may not be in the future.
Hydrogen is the safest, safer than gasoline. This is like saying that hydrogen bombs kill people with less pain than bullets, which is more humane. Because the explosion of the hydrogen bomb is almost instantaneous, the pain has not been transmitted to the brain. Hydrogen is easier to catch fire than gasoline, and the fire spreads more seriously. Once the hydrogen leaks, it is bound to cause combustion or explosion. Gasoline collision and leakage may not be able to catch fire. The "master of science and technology" regards this as the best advantage, so confusing black and white? In the
current media reports and the views of some scientists, hydrogen energy is regarded as the future energy, or even the only clean energy in the future. It is a very wrong idea and understanding. Although there are many voices of opposition, they are obliterated by the fanaticism that has lost its rational thinking.
How to jump out of this false trend of parroting? Ccement. Com/richtext/IMG/j74wl9mrfcq1687326074411. Energy in the form of electricity, oil, and coal. Electricity is the best form of energy. If there is enough cheap electricity, photovoltaics and pumped storage to meet a lot of energy needs, why hydrogen?
Secondly, think clearly, where does the energy come from? When oil and natural gas run out in 50 years, the consumption rate of coal will increase. That is to say, if there are no more commercially exploited proven reserves. The fossil energy industry will disappear in a hundred years. In the future, the only sources of our energy will be solar, nuclear and geothermal.
If you want to understand these two points, you will find that in the future energy, hydrogen energy is a child picked up. Hydrogen, like electricity, is a secondary energy source. At present, most of the energy has been electrified. When the electrification of vehicles is completed, electric energy will be the main energy source in the future. The proportion of hydrogen energy will be very low. Hydrogen is needed because the storage of electricity is a big headache.
First, let's look at the proportion of thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power and wind power in 2018, which accounted for 75.08%, 13.15%, 4.17% and 6 respectively.
At present, the cost of photovoltaic power generation in https://www.databm. is lower than that of thermal power. But without sunlight, there is no electricity, and electricity needs to be stored. If photovoltaic power generation accounts for more than 75%. Then hydropower and nuclear power will not be able to bear the burden of energy storage and load adjustment. Therefore, it is now widely believed that hydrogen energy can be stored.
According to some people's view, it is to let the electricity go to the hydrolysis of hydrogen, then store it, and then use fuel cells to generate electricity. In fact, there are two sources of hydrogen. One is from C-H bond breaking, mainly from hydrocarbons (petroleum, natural gas, biomass, etc.), and the other is from O-H bond breaking, mainly water decomposition and electrolysis. Hydrogen production by water cracking is the most direct method, but studies have shown that water decomposition is more obvious when the temperature is above 2500 K. Considering the high temperature resistance of materials and the limitation of hydrogen and oxygen separation technology, direct water decomposition is not technically feasible at present. Electrolysis is a more feasible method. Of course, there are more than 300 ways of solar chemical hydrogen production. Both of these obtain hydrogen, either as a storage medium for energy or inefficiently.
Hydrogen energy refers to the technology of using hydrogen as fuel to generate electricity through combustion or hydrogen fuel cell. Hydrogen is an efficient and clean energy. The only waste gas produced by its combustion is water, which will not pollute the environment. At the same time, the storage and transportation of hydrogen is relatively convenient, which can be stored and transported by compression, liquefaction and other means.
Chemical energy storage refers to the conversion of electric energy into chemical energy, which is stored in batteries or supercapacitors. When energy is needed, chemical energy is converted into electric energy for use. Chemical energy storage technology is relatively mature and widely used, such as lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries and so on.
So what are the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen energy and chemical energy storage? Hydrogen energy is an efficient and clean energy, which will not pollute the environment, and its storage and transportation are relatively convenient. In addition, hydrogen has a high energy density, which can provide a more stable and efficient energy supply. However, the cost of hydrogen production and storage is high, and the safety of hydrogen also has some risks, such as the rapid combustion of hydrogen, which is easy to cause fire and other safety problems. In addition, the maturity of hydrogen energy technology is relatively low at present, and further technology research and development and cost reduction are needed to achieve commercial application.
Let's look at chemical energy storage. Chemical energy storage technology is relatively mature and widely used, such as lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries and so on. Its manufacturing cost is relatively low, and its safety is high, and it is not easy to cause safety problems. However, the energy density of chemical energy storage is low, and the service life of batteries is limited, so batteries need to be replaced regularly. In addition, in the process of battery manufacturing and recycling, there will also be some environmental pollution.
Through the analysis of hydrogen energy and chemical energy storage, we can find that both technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the next decade, hydrogen energy and chemical energy storage are likely to become the dominant areas in the field of new energy, depending on the development of technology and the needs of application scenarios.
In some specific scenarios, hydrogen energy technology has more advantages. For example, in the field of transportation, hydrogen energy technology can provide more efficient and cleaner energy supply, but also alleviate the instability of energy supply. At present, many countries and regions around the world have begun to vigorously promote the application of hydrogen energy technology in the field of transportation, which also provides a broad market space for the development of hydrogen energy technology.
In other areas, chemical energy storage technology has more advantages. For example, chemical energy storage technology has been widely used in household appliances, electronic products and other fields, and has become the mainstream energy supply mode. In the future, with the development of smart home and other technologies, chemical energy storage technology has a broader application prospect.
In a word, hydrogen energy and chemical energy storage are important development directions in the field of new energy, and they have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the next decade, with the further development of technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, both technologies are likely to become the dominant field in the field of new energy.
浙公网安备33010802003254号