In order to fully grasp the potential risks of natural disasters in China and enhance the comprehensive ability of the whole society to resist natural disasters, in May 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on the First National Comprehensive Risk Survey of Natural Disasters. Over the past three years, the member units and regions of the Leading Group of the First National Comprehensive Natural Disaster Risk Survey of the State Council have organized nearly 5 million people nationwide to carry out the survey, obtained billions of data on disaster risk factors nationwide, and completed the tasks of census survey, data quality inspection and collection in an all-round way.
On February 15, the State New Office held a press conference, inviting relevant heads of the National Disaster Reduction Commission, the Ministry of Emergency Management, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and other departments and relevant experts to introduce the specific situation and answer questions from reporters.
We have basically found out the basic data
of the potential risks of natural disasters in the whole country. There are many departments, many personnel, many levels, long chains, heavy tasks, high technical requirements, difficult coordination, and no ready-made experience and methods to follow. The results achieved are not easy to come by. Zheng Guoguang, Secretary-General of the
National Disaster Reduction Commission and Director of the Office of the Leading Group of the First National Natural Disaster Comprehensive Risk Survey of the State Council, introduced that in the past three years. The Office of the Leading Group of the Census coordinates the work programme of the census with the departments of natural resources, ecological environment, housing and urban-rural construction, transportation, water conservancy, emergency response, meteorology, forestry and grass, earthquake and other industries, and then organizes national training, research and development of survey and data quality inspection software, organization of survey and data quality inspection. 100% of townships, 100% of communities (administrative villages) and 7% of households participated in the survey. Through the coordinated promotion of all parties, the census survey task has been completed in an all-round way. The
census is the basis of this disaster risk census, and its task is to comprehensively obtain the data of 23 kinds of disaster-causing factors in six categories, including earthquake disasters, geological disasters, meteorological disasters, flood and drought disasters, marine disasters, forest and grassland fires. Population, housing, infrastructure, public service system, industry, resources and environment, 16 kinds of comprehensive disaster reduction capacity data of government, society and grass-roots families, annual disaster survey data since 1978 and major disaster event survey data since 1949, as well as key disaster hidden danger survey data, etc.
"Through the investigation, we have basically found out the base number of potential natural disaster risks in the whole country, identified the disaster resistance capacity of key areas, laid a solid foundation for the comprehensive disaster risk assessment and zoning work, and also trained the local disaster prevention, mitigation and relief management and technical team, so as to achieve the goal of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief." It has created a good social atmosphere for the whole society to care about, participate in and support disaster prevention and mitigation. Zheng Guoguang said. According to
Zheng Guoguang's analysis, the census and investigation work has four characteristics: First, it is comprehensive, that is, comprehensive investigation of earthquake disasters, geological disasters, meteorological disasters and other disasters, comprehensive investigation of disaster-causing factors and disaster-bearing bodies, and comprehensive investigation and risk assessment zoning; The second is synergy, such as coordination among departments, with 19 departments and units at the national level participating in the survey to achieve interconnection and data sharing; the third is scientificity, with experts from various industries working out 48 technical specifications for the survey to ensure the scientificity and operability of the survey; Fourth, application, adhere to the principle of "census, application and effectiveness at the same time", and timely apply the survey data to risk assessment and zoning.
Zheng Guoguang said that the census has made a series of pioneering progress. For example, it is the first time to carry out census and survey work under a unified technical system and promote the co-construction and sharing of data among departments; it is the first time to find out the "family background" of national housing construction and municipal facilities; it is the first time to find out the "family background" of national forest fuel load; For the first time, it completed the incomplete historical disaster data at the county level since 1978, and comprehensively investigated the disaster data and rescue and relief situation of 89 major earthquake disasters, flood disasters, typhoon disasters, forest and grassland fires since 1949; For the first time, a national comprehensive disaster reduction capacity survey data set covering the whole country, provinces, cities, counties, towns (streets), communities (administrative villages) and households has been carried out and formed.
"In view of rural areas, we have focused on the investigation of disaster-causing factors and important disaster-bearing bodies such as population, houses, bridges and roads, as well as the comprehensive disaster reduction capacity of towns and communities, as well as the sampling survey of people's disaster risk awaren ess and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities, so as to make the disaster prevention and control of rural areas possible." It has basically found out the potential risk of rural disasters and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation at the grass-roots level. Chen Sheng, deputy director of the Office of the Leading Group of the First National Natural Disaster Comprehensive Risk Survey of the State Council and director of the Department of Risk Monitoring and Comprehensive Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Emergency Management, said.
"The housing and urban-rural construction system mobilized more than 2.6 million people to run out the data of each house.". Through the census, for the first time, we have formed a large amount of data reflecting the spatial location and physical attributes of housing buildings, and urban and rural housing buildings have a "digital identity card", which is conducive to promoting the digital application and development of the whole industry in all fields. Qu Qi, Director of Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision Department of the Ministry of Housing and Construction, said. Wu Chungeng, director of the Highway Bureau of the Ministry of
Transport, introduced that the census had achieved full coverage in the highway and waterway industries, formed a set of natural disaster risk zoning maps for the transportation industry, built a natural disaster database for the transportation industry, and comprehensively grasped the attribute data information of highway and waterway facilities and natural disaster risk information. Chen Xuefeng, head of the Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention Department of the
State Forestry and Grassland Administration, said that the census completed the national survey of shrubs, herbs, litter and humus for the first time, filled in the gaps in the investigation of the combustible load of undergrowth vegetation, and comprehensively investigated the historical fire, field fire sources and disaster reduction capacity. It provides a basis for comprehensively evaluating the status of forest and grass fire prevention and control and accurately improving the ability of provention and control. The purpose of
continuously deepening and expanding the census application results
is to apply them. According to the principle of "census, application and effectiveness at the same time", China has explored and formed a number of census application results with regional and industrial characteristics.
Zheng Guoguang introduced that the first is to serve the major needs of the country. The Census Office of the State Council organized a special group to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of natural disasters in the areas where the Beijing Olympic Winter Games, the Winter Paralympic Games and the Hangzhou Asian Games are located, using the results of the census data, to form a special assessment report and put forward relevant suggestions.
Second, the development needs of the service industry. For example, according to the survey data of housing construction and disaster risk attribute information, the housing construction department will take the lead in carrying out the special renovation work of the national self-built housing safety in 2022; the transportation department will comprehensively implement the disaster prevention and control project during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in view of the high-risk points found in the general survey of trunk highways; Water conservancy departments will use census data to guide the improvement of river basin, flood control and disaster reduction engineering system, and support the improvement of flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities.
Third, to serve urban safety management. Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and other provinces will integrate census data with smart cities, urban brains and other urban management platforms to provide reference for natural disaster monitoring and early warning, emergency rescue and disposal, and effectively improve the level of urban safety management.
Fourth, the ability to serve grass-roots units has been improved. All localities have actively explored the integration of census results into the comprehensive community management system for the investigation of hidden dangers in housing construction, the deployment of emergency shelters, and so on, so as to strengthen the people's defense line for disaster prevention and mitigation at the grass-roots level.
Next, how to deepen the application of census results?
"We will explore the application of census results around major national strategies, major construction projects, important development plans, key areas and the actual needs of various departments around the country, form demonstration cases of the application of national results, give full play to the supporting role of census results in enhancing the ability of natural disaster prevention and control, and promote the development of natural disaster prevention and control." Especially in disaster monitoring and early warning, land and space disaster prevention and mitigation planning and other key areas of in-depth application. Chen Sheng said.
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