With the influx of top investment institutions such as Gaolu and Tencent, perovskite battery technology has made breakthroughs, not only the conversion efficiency has repeatedly broken the world record, but also large-scale production is just around the corner. At the same time, N-type battery technology, which has entered the stage of large-scale production, is getting closer and closer to the "ceiling" of conversion efficiency.
For the photovoltaic industry with "cost reduction and efficiency enhancement" as its core development logic, lower cost and higher efficiency are its ultimate goal. Perovskite is significantly better than crystalline silicon in both cost and efficiency. Therefore, there is no end to the talk about perovskite subverting crystalline silicon. Whether
perovskite can subvert crystalline silicon is difficult to determine at present, but it is certain that with the influx of capital, the industrialization process is bound to far exceed expectations. Film and glass, which have a low sense of existence in the silicon industry chain, will be the biggest beneficiaries.
On January 18, Xiexin Optoelectronics obtained the 3C certificate of BIPV photovoltaic glass for perovskite modules issued by China Quality Certification Center (CQC), which is an important step in opening up the domestic building photovoltaic market. It is worth mentioning that Xiexin Optoelectronics is one of the first enterprises in the world to achieve large-scale production. The company's 100MW perovskite production line has started trial production in 2021, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18%. Similar to Renshuo Solar Energy, if the index of 100MW production line is in line with expectations, Xiexin Optoelectronics will also build a GW production line.
On January 20, certified by the Chinese Academy of Metrology, the steady-state output efficiency of the small-area perovskite and crystalline silicon tandem cells independently developed by YaoNeng Science and Technology reached 32. The steady-state efficiency of the 25cm2 large-area perovskite/crystalline silicon two-electrode tandem battery device independently developed by the company reaches 29. According to Yao Neng Technology, the 25cm2 battery device is an important node to verify the feasibility of the industrial specification battery process. At present, the company has completed a subversive leap from the basic material formula and process method to the overall resource matching and research and development ideas.
On January 31, Huangshi Group announced a technical cooperation with Black Crystal Optoelectronics to jointly promote the R & D, production and application of TOPCon/perovskite tandem battery technology. It is reported that Black Crystal Optoelectronics was founded in 2019, focusing on the research and development and production of perovskite tandem battery technology. According to the information disclosed by the official website of Black Crystal Optoelectronics, the conversion efficiency of the tandem perovskite/PERC tandem battery developed by Black Crystal Optoelectronics reached 26.
On the same day, the project of research and development and manufacturing base of 2GW perovskite modules for 10000 degrees of light energy started, with a total investment of up to 1 billion yuan, which was completed in three phases. According to the official website of Wandu Solar Energy, the company undertook the research results of Professor Han Hongwei's team from Wuhan National Research Center of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and became the first enterprise in the world to complete the pilot test and outdoor verification of the next generation of photovoltaic printable meso-perovskite solar cells in 2021.
It can be seen that the rapid development of technology is gradually pushing perovskite into the pilot stage. Benefiting from this, equipment manufacturers such as Microguide Nano, Jiejia Weichuang and Jingshan Light Machine have disclosed that they have obtained orders for perovskite equipment and even achieved shipment. In addition, two major film manufacturers, Saiwu Technology and Baijia Age, have indicated that they have realized the batch shipment of perovskite special film. In a live broadcast of the "darling"
of the
capital market, Fan Bin, chairman of Xiexin Optoelectronics, once mentioned that from the perspective of commercialization, the acceleration of perovskite in 2022 is obviously relatively large, largely due to the attention of the capital market. Fan Bin's statement is true, in the aforementioned perovskite enterprises that have made significant technological progress are all the "darlings" of the capital market.
Renshuo Solar completed the Pre-A round of financing of hundreds of millions of yuan on August 26, 2022. This round of financing was led by Sanhang Capital, followed by well-known institutions such as Zhongke Chuangxing, Sugaoxin Venture Capital, Jinpu Intelligence, Xianfeng Changqing, Yunqi Capital and China Finance Industry Fund.
Xiexin Optoelectronics has completed two rounds of financing in 2022, and most of its investors are the world's top investment institutions. Among them, the company completed the B-round financing in May and received hundreds of millions of yuan of investment from Tencent Venture. At the end of the year, the company completed another 500 million yuan of B-round financing, which was jointly led by Temasek Investment, Sequoia China and IDG Capital, and followed by Chuanliu Investment and other institutions.
In addition, Yao Neng Technology completed tens of millions of a rounds of financing in August 2021, and the investor was Gaolu Capital; Black Crystal Optoelectronics completed a rounds of financing in August 2022, and the investor was Tongchuang Weiye.
Among the investors of perovskite, it is not only limited to professional investment institutions, but also includes industry giants. For example, Zeng Yuqun, chairman of Ningde Times, participated in the Pre-A round of financing of Xiexin Optoelectronics through Ruiting Investment, a holding subsidiary, in 2020, and obtained about 0.
In fact, the attitude of the current capital market towards perovskite is not as simple as Fan Bin's "attention", but rather "crazy". According to incomplete statistics, the investment in perovskite field has been close to 10 billion yuan in the past two years. In Fan Bin's words, even start-ups can now get tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of financing. An investor even said frankly that the average perovskite project will report two or three hundred million, and the angel wheel of the excellent team is as high as 500 million.
It can be seen that under the background of "carbon neutralization", perovskite is quite similar to the mobile Internet when it was just emerging-broad development space and technology that can subvert the market structure, its attraction to investors need not be said much. In a speech, Shen Nanpeng, who was once jokingly called buying half of China's Internet, said bluntly, "New energy and carbon neutralization have become one of the most important investment directions of Sequoia China, and we have laid out the whole industry chain for many of the tracks.". For Sequoia China, which has invested in the B + round financing of Xiexin Optoelectronics, perovskite is bound to be one of the core tracks.
Not only the primary market, but also perovskite is popular in the secondary market. For example, Aolian Electronics, which announced the realization of 2G W perovskite module production capacity within five years, increased by more than 200% in the past month; Jingshan Light Machinery, which took the lead in realizing the shipment of perovskite equipment, and Jinjing Glass, which reached TCO glass strategic cooperation with Fiber Nano Optoelectronics, increased by 272% and 89% respectively in the main rising market in 2022; The layout of perovskite equipment has increased by 140% since September 2022. The acceleration of the industrialization process of
glass and film
perovskite is conducive to the continuous promotion of "cost reduction and efficiency enhancement" in the photovoltaic industry, but it will have a significant impact on the crystalline silicon industry chain.
Compared with crystalline silicon, perovskite has significant advantages in both efficiency and cost. In terms of efficiency, Scientific Report data show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency limit of single-junction perovskite cells is 31%, which is higher than that of crystalline silicon cells. In terms of cost, according to the data disclosed by Xiexin Optoelectronics, the single W cost of perovskite modules is about 0.
Especially important, the production process of perovskite modules is very simple. It only takes one factory and 45 minutes to complete, and the main raw materials include perovskite raw materials, glass, film, target and so on. Silicon components, on the other hand, need to go through the production and processing of silicon materials, silicon wafers, batteries, components and other different factories, the fastest time is three days, and there are many kinds of raw materials.
Obviously, the extremely low degree of industrial chain coincidence, as well as higher efficiency and lower cost, means subversion, which is somewhat similar to the replacement of carriages by cars and pagers by mobile phones. However, in the silicon industry chain, there are also "survivors"-film and glass.
In the cost structure of perovskite components, glass, film and other packaging materials account for more than 1/3, which belong to the core raw materials. Moreover, because the stability of perovskite has always been one of the key factors restricting its industrialization, the importance of packaging links has become increasingly prominent.
"The weakness of perovskite is reflected in the fragility of chemical bonds, solvent molecules or water vapor can easily destroy its chemical bonds, once destroyed, device attenuation is an inevitable process, such as water vapor infiltration, it will cause instability.". And perovskite itself becomes unstable at high temperatures, so we need to find a highly targeted, effective and inexpensive packaging technology. Professor Zuo Lijian of Zhejiang University said bluntly in an exclusive interview.
It is worth mentioning that perovskite colloidal films have made breakthroughs. According to the information disclosed by Saiwu Technology, its self-developed perovskite thermoplastic packaging film-TPO has signed the first batch order of several MW with Xiexin Optoelectronics. In addition, according to media reports, the perovskite film products launched by Baijia Age, which is in the process of IPO, have also been delivered in batches and sent samples to many customers.
In addition to the adhesive film, the influence of glass on the performance of perovskite modules is also significant.Unlike crystalline silicon modules, perovskite modules require the use of "transparent conductive oxide coated glass", that is, TCO glass. In addition to light transmission and antireflection, TCO glass must also play a role in collecting current in perovskite modules, so the production process is different from that of traditional photovoltaic glass.
In the A-share market, Jinjing Technology is one of the few enterprises in the world that have mastered TCO glass production technology and achieved mass production. In 2022, Jinjing Technology signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Fiber Nano Optoelectronics, stipulating that Jinjing Technology will invest in the construction of corresponding TCO glass production lines and act as its main supplier according to the expansion plan of Fiber Nano Optoelectronics. For every additional 1G W perovskite battery capacity plan of Fiber Nano Optoelectronics, Jinjing Glass needs to support TCO glass production capacity of not less than 5 million square meters per year.
In the end
, I dare not judge whether perovskite can subvert crystalline silicon in the future, just like the price trend of silicon materials after the year, which is quite different from the judgment of mainstream media and experts. What is more certain is that the GW mass production of perovskite is getting closer and closer, and with the help of capital, the industrialization progress is bound to far exceed the industry's imagination. As for market competitiveness, it needs facts to speak, just as when monocrystalline replaced polycrystalline, there were still industry giants who believed that polycrystalline must have a place.
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