Recently, the US Reuters website reported that China plans to build in the Gobi Desert. 4.
China is indeed doing something big in the desert: building photovoltaic power plants on a large scale.
Unlike other countries, these photovoltaic power stations built in the Gobi Desert not only generate electricity, but also grow fruits and vegetables, traditional Chinese medicine and pasture, raise cattle, sheep, chickens and ducks, turning these barren lands in the Gobi Desert into oases.
Planting, a tradition engraved in the genes of the Chinese people, is thus combined with modern industry without any violation or feeling. In this way,
China is also changing its land and exporting "green energy" to the world.
01 China will build the largest "power station"
in the desert. On December 28, 2022, the official micro-blog of the Three Gorges Group released a news that the first 10 million kilowatt new energy base in China will be built in the Kubuqi Desert of Inner Mongolia.
Last year, the National Development and Reform Commission announced that it would build a total installed capacity in the desert Gobi in the northwest. 4.
What is the scale? It is equivalent to the total power generation of 20 Three Gorges dams.
alone has put five photovoltaic power stations into operation here, with an installed capacity of 620 thousand kilowatts. It is
equivalent to burning 440000 tons less standard coal a year and emitting 1.1 million tons less carbon dioxide.
02 a power station is equivalent to the photovoltaic power station currently operating in
the Kubuqi Desert in Singapore. 2.
This photovoltaic power station built in the desert is not the only one in the country, nor is it the largest.
In addition to the Talatan Photovoltaic Power Station, Desert photovoltaic power stations can be seen everywhere in the Gobi desert in the northwest. In Huanghuatan, Wuwei City,
Gansu Province, on the southern edge of the Tengger Desert, a 330 kilovolt photovoltaic power station for sand control has been put into operation.
6.
On the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in Hotan, Xinjiang, herdsmen are encouraged to graze every year in order not to let weeds cover the solar panels.
China keen on developing photovoltaics in the desert?
First, China has a vast territory, and the desert area is not small. Data show that desertification land accounts for nearly a quarter of China's land area.
Secondly, it is precisely these Gobi and deserts concentrated in the central and western regions that are rich in wind and solar energy resources, and the amount of technology that can be developed accounts for more than 60% of the country's total.
Large-scale development and construction of desert photovoltaic can not only make good use of the low-value land in desert Gobi to obtain clean new energy, but also make photovoltaic power generation a modern means of sand control and prevention.
But how can two be synchronized?
Because it is close to Beijing, since the 1980s, afforestation has been carried out here to prevent and control desertification.
However, simple desertification control is a matter of great input but no output. As a
result, the willingness of enterprises to participate is not strong, and they can only rely on state investment. Building a photovoltaic power station
in the desert is not as simple as setting up a photovoltaic panel.
Preventing the damage of sandstorms and quicksand to power stations is the first basic task to be done.
The first step is to prevent the sand from flowing, which is to fix it. The most common way is to bury wheat straw in the sand in the shape of a grid to form a mesh protective belt.
The second step is to plant trees around the photovoltaic power station to resist sand and dust. For example, we often see Haloxylon ammodendron, Hedysarum scoparium, Tamarix ramosissima and other drought-resistant plants in Alipay's Ant Forest.
The third step is to plant shade-tolerant shrubs and grasses between photovoltaic panel arrays, which do not block sunlight and fix the flow of sand.
this series of operations, the green will come back naturally.
Energy investors can also get economic and social returns from the investment of industrial ecology.
In addition to obtaining clean energy and realizing the environmental protection benefits of reversing the desert into an oasis, the Chinese people with strong "vegetable gene" have provided Chinese experience
for desert control. It has also developed a new way of playing the "photovoltaic plus" economic benefits of (solar) power generation on the board, planting under the board and breeding between the boards.
In fact, at the beginning, there was no special choice of plants and weeds used to fix sand between photovoltaic arrays. For
a long time, the plants grow too high, but block the lighting of photovoltaic panels, and need to invite local people to weed artificially.
Only in the photovoltaic base of Dalate Banner in Kubuqi, the area of effective sand control in the first phase of the project is 2.
Among them, there are jujube and other economic forests 1.The effective treatment area of the ecological restoration project of the
second phase of the project will reach 2.
In addition, the grass under the photovoltaic panels grows too high to be cleaned manually, so the photovoltaic power station simply raises its own sheep and asks them to "prune" part-time.
These volunteer mowers, known as "photovoltaic sheep", are not only fat and strong, but also can sell at a good price.
At present, the total investment of the tourism project of Kubuqi Solar Desert Paradise has reached 7.
This experience has been summarized and popularized.
Therefore, the photovoltaic power station in Ningxia began to plant wolfberry and Astragalus, and the photovoltaic power station in Inner Mongolia began to plant pasture, Scutellaria baicalensis and jujube, and specially increased the height of photovoltaic panels to facilitate sheep grazing.
For the Chinese people who love the land and are industrious, it is a matter of course to turn the desert into fertile land.
In the process, we are also contributing our experience to the whole planet.
05 China's "Photovoltaic +" makes the impossible possible
. According to the data of the United Nations, global desertification has affected 20% of the earth's population and one third of the land area.
Especially in developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 3.6 billion hectares of rangeland and arable land are affected by desertification, resulting in direct economic losses of 42.3 billion US dollars annually.
China's "photovoltaic plus" governance plan has also brought new possibilities for reversing this situation.
2022-2030 Global PV New Installed Capacity Forecast (GW) Data Source: CPIA.2022.2
At the industry level, China's new PV installed capacity has reached 54.
2021. The output of polysilicon, silicon wafers and batteries in China's photovoltaic industry accounts for more than 70% of the world's total; The number of photovoltaic patent applications accounts for 80% of the world's total.
In fact, we have not only explored the experience of "photovoltaic + sand control", but also many industrial integration systems such as "photovoltaic + agriculture", "photovoltaic + fishery", "photovoltaic + coal mine subsidence area management".
When the desert photovoltaic power plant in the United States was reduced due to the protest of "environmental protection organizations" affecting the survival of desert tortoises, our 800 MW photovoltaic project in Qatar has been put into operation.
The project has developed a detailed relocation plan to find suitable new homes for native plants and animals such as shrubs, lizards and snakes.
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