According to the Voice of China News Hyperlink of China Central Radio and Television Station, some time ago, the private demolition of the load-bearing wall on the 3rd floor of a residential building in Harbin aroused concern. The cause of the incident was that the owner of the 3rd floor of the 2nd unit of the residential building B removed the load-bearing wall during the decoration, resulting in cracks in the walls of the 4th, 6th and even 21st floors of the same unit.
According to the notice of Harbin Songbei District Urban Management and Administrative Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, the party concerned has been placed on file for investigation, and the next step will be to investigate the responsibility of the relevant responsible persons in accordance with the law. At present, there are still residents living in the buildings involved, and workers are working on the high-rise floors to reinforce them. It is not impossible to make holes in the demolished
load-bearing walls of
residential buildings, but what damages and changes are not allowed? Is it possible for the damaged load-bearing wall to be restored, and is it possible for the cracked building to return to normal? Now is the decoration season, in the decoration of what dangerous operations may destroy the safety of the building? Xiao Congzhen, vice president of the
Chinese Academy of Architectural Sciences, introduced that the load-bearing wall is the skeleton of the building to bear the vertical load, mainly bearing the weight of the upper floor. In the building design system, the load-bearing wall not only bears the vertical weight, but also plays the role of wind resistance and earthquake resistance, so it is also called shear wall and seismic wall. Knocking
by hand is a direct and effective way to distinguish load-bearing walls from non-load-bearing walls. Xiao Congzhen introduced that the load-bearing wall is thicker and harder to knock. For non-load-bearing walls, materials such as aerated concrete or light steel keels are now commonly used, and the sound of knocking is relatively crisp and echoing. And the non-load-bearing wall has an obvious feature that it is usually not closely connected with the upper floor, and the connection is treated by oblique arrangement of bricks, so it can also be identified by knocking on the upper part of the wall.
For brick-concrete structure houses, the general frame is surrounded by load-bearing walls, while the walls that only play a role in separating rooms are usually non-load-bearing walls. If there is no girder in the middle of the house, the room span is very large, and the floor is directly pressed on the wall, the wall is likely to be a load-bearing wall.
The load-bearing wall is not delicate, but it can not be brutal and violent
. Xiao Congzhen introduced that reinforced concrete is a great invention. In the field of construction, there is a saying that "concrete is under pressure and steel is under tension", which means that concrete plays the role of bearing pressure and steel plays the role of bearing tension in the component, and the combination of the two can improve the bearing capacity of the building.
The load-bearing members are not very delicate and are designed to retain a certain degree of redundancy, so they can be modified, but only after rigorous design and additional reinforcement measures. For example, if you want to install a fresh air system indoors, you need to drill holes in the load-bearing wall, as long as the size of the hole does not exceed 1/4 of the wall, it is generally within the acceptable range.
If the steel bar of the load-bearing component is accidentally broken, resulting in the deformation of the upper floor, the situation is more complex at this time, and it needs to be pushed up and reinforced by reverse force to restore its original state. Otherwise, it will change the stress state of other parts, and whether this change has an impact on the structure of the house needs rigorous calculation and analysis to judge. The brutal decoration in this
news event, although part of the load-bearing wall was removed, the building did not collapse, precisely because of the redundant design of the building. However, after the demolition of this part of the load-bearing wall, the original stress state changes, so cracking occurs. At this time, although it can be repaired by strengthening and restoring, it may cause permanent damage to the seismic capacity of the building.
Decoration needs to be cautious, do not abandon safety
for the sake of beauty. Now is the peak season for decoration. Xiao Congzhen reminds us that demolishing walls and picking grooves are two main situations that may destroy the safety of buildings. Generally speaking, it is better to control the scale of wall demolition, and ask professionals to judge and take corresponding reinforcement measures. Grooving refers to the transformation of water and electricity. Horizontal grooving will weaken the strength of the whole wall, while vertical grooving will have a relatively small impact.
In addition, the decoration also needs to pay attention to the problem of overload, such as filling the ground or bedding, which may make the floor floor exceed the original design load. The same is true of the reconstruction of the balcony, which may affect the safety of the original design by removing the counterweight wall or expanding outside.
Xiao Congzhen stressed that family decoration needs to grasp the scale, try to avoid major changes, so as not to affect the overall safety of the building. If you are not sure, you must consult professionals such as architectural design units or professional testing institutions.
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