What is a "virtual power plant"? The core of the virtual power plant concept can be summarized as "communication" and "aggregation". The key technologies of virtual power plant mainly include coordinated control technology, intelligent metering technology and information and communication technology. The upstream of
China's virtual power plant industry chain is various basic resources, including controllable load, distributed energy and energy storage; the midstream is virtual power plant operation, resource aggregation platform and technical services; the downstream is power demanders, including power companies, power selling companies and large users. The most attractive function of
virtual power plant is that it can aggregate distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in the operation of electricity market and ancillary services market. While providing management and ancillary services for distribution network and transmission network, it integrates and interconnects the participants of virtual power plant to form a complete set of digital system.
Q: Why a "virtual" power plant? "Virtual" means that it is not an entity, so the virtual power plant itself does not generate electricity, but integrates a large number of scattered and adjustable power loads in the grid and joins the grid dispatch to achieve effective peak shaving and valley filling. At the same time, it can also provide auxiliary power services such as frequency modulation, voltage regulation and reserve to enhance the security of the power grid. Therefore, the virtual power plant is essentially a software platform system, which aggregates the existing distributed resources and participates in the electricity market through collaborative control. Q: Where does the energy of the "virtual power plant" come from?
On the one hand, all kinds of electricity loads aggregated by virtual power plants are "adjustable", such as air conditioning in office buildings, public transport and so on.
On the other hand, supported by digital technology, it integrates power loads in different spaces to achieve optimal dispatch, thus playing a role in stabilizing power supply. On this basis, the virtual power plant can further aggregate and optimize the management and control of distributed resources such as distributed generation, energy storage, electric vehicle and so on, and "gather sand into a tower" of different types of distributed resources.
1. Distributed photovoltaic power station refers to a distributed photovoltaic power station system that uses photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar energy into electric energy. The most widely
Q: Where does the energy of the "virtual power plant" come from?
virtual power plant can not only generate electricity by combining a variety of distributed resources, but also achieve energy-saving reserve by adjusting controllable load, using time-of-use price, interruptible price and user time energy storage. This coordinated control optimization greatly reduces the impact of distributed resource integration on the power grid, thus reducing the scheduling difficulty caused by the growth of distributed resources, making the distribution management more reasonable and orderly, and thus improving the stability of system operation.
2. Virtual power plants can make more efficient use of and promote distributed energy generation.
With the rapid growth of distributed energy such as distributed photovoltaic and decentralized wind power in China, their large-scale and high proportion access has brought a series of challenges to the balance of power system and the safe operation of power grid. If these distributed generators participate in the operation of the power grid in the form of virtual power plants, the impact of their fluctuations on the power grid can be eliminated through internal combination optimization, so as to achieve efficient utilization. In addition, the virtual power plant can also enable distributed energy to obtain the maximum economic benefits from the electricity market, shorten the cost recovery cycle, thus attracting and expanding such investment, thereby promoting the development of distributed energy.
3. Virtual power plant can use market means to promote the optimal allocation of power generation resources. To guide social capital to voluntarily participate in virtual power plant projects
on the grid and user sides, it is necessary to make social capital "profitable", and to commercialize virtual power plants, they can be more widely used on the grid and user sides. The most attractive function of the
virtual power plant is that it can aggregate various types of distributed resources to participate in the operation of the electricity market. As an intermediary between distributed resources, power dispatching institutions and power market, virtual power plants can execute market clearing results on behalf of distributed resource owners and realize energy trading. From the perspective of other market participants, the virtual power plant behaves as a conventional dispatchable power plant. Because of the diversity of generation resources, virtual power plants can participate in not only the main energy market, but also the ancillary services market, thus participating in a variety of power market operation modes and their dispatching frameworks, which plays a positive role in promoting the wide optimal allocation of generation resources.
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