1. Basic information
Fengxiang District of Baoji City is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain. In the early period, all kinds of open-pit mining activities such as sand mining, soil extraction and quarrying were very frequent, leaving nearly 30 open-pit mining pits. Vegetation damage, soil erosion, geological disasters and other problems were prominent, causing serious damage to the ecological environment in the area.
From 2019 to 2021, Fengxiang District coordinated the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses within its jurisdiction, adopted various modes and adapted measures to local conditions, and invested 14.24 million yuan successively to carry out ecological restoration of 35 abandoned open-pit mines around key cities in the Weihe Plain, covering an area of 1157.85 mu. It has successfully found a new way to effectively combine the construction of ecological civilization with the strategy of rural revitalization, revitalize the damaged land resources and control the abandoned mines.
Second, the main approach
is to adjust measures to local conditions and implement classified measures. The ecological restoration project of abandoned open-pit mines around key cities in Weihe Plain implemented in Fengxiang District includes 35 abandoned mines, which are distributed from south to north, with complex causes, and the geomorphological types, geological environment problems and land use status of each mine are complex and diverse. The Natural Resources Bureau of Fengxiang District has carried out in-depth investigations, fully respected the wishes of the masses, adopted the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and classified measures, restored vegetation by covering soil and greening open-pit pits in northern mountainous areas, and restored cultivated land by cleaning up waste residue, covering soil and fertilizing, and building roads in brick factory pits in central plain areas; For the sand pit in the western river valley area, it is restored to irrigated land by means of earthwork backfilling and canal diversion.
Second, we should make the best use of the situation and adopt various modes of governance. According to the natural and location conditions of each historical legacy mine, according to the idea of farming, forestry and construction, different management modes are adopted, mainly to restore cultivated land in agricultural concentrated areas, to restore forest and grassland in mountainous areas, and to transform and utilize near towns and villages. Through governance, the ecology has been restored, resources have been revitalized, industries have been set up, regional development has been promoted, and villagers'income has been effectively increased.
Third, the main achievement
is to restore cultivated land as the goal, to achieve both quantity and quality improvement. In the process of mine ecological restoration, combined with the actual situation of abandoned mines, the restoration of cultivated land was taken as the main goal. According to the principle of suitable cultivation, measures such as waste residue removal, soil improvement, field road renovation and supporting irrigation facilities were taken to effectively improve the quality of reclaimed cultivated land. 595 mu of cultivated land (229 mu of irrigated land) was restored, and the goal of double improvement of cultivated land quantity and quality was achieved.
The second is to improve the rural production and living environment with the goal of ecological restoration. Taking the elimination of mine ecological problems as the main content of treatment, the total area of treatment is 1157.85 mu, 26 abandoned brick factories, 8 abandoned small quarries, 2 sand pits and 1 fly ash mine are treated, 10 potential safety hazards of geological disasters are eliminated, and more than 3000 seedlings of various types are planted. Through the above measures, the village landscape has been improved, the land resources have been restored, the vegetation environment has been reconstructed, the soil and water conservation function has been enhanced, and good ecological benefits have been achieved.
Third, with the goal of revitalizing land resources, we should promote industrial development and increase farmers' income. Two abandoned sand factories in Changqing Town in the west have restored 229 mu of irrigated land. On this basis, an agricultural cooperative has been established to develop the cultivation of lotus root, green onion and other agricultural products, with an average annual increase of 600,000 yuan. 366 mu of cultivated land has been restored in the central plain area, which can be used for "balance of occupation and compensation", with an estimated increase of 8.4 million yuan; In the vicinity of towns and villages, 443 mu of land has been transformed and utilized by attracting investment to set up aquaculture and processing industries, and good economic benefits have been achieved.
4. Typical Experience
Fengxiang District has persisted in adapting measures to local conditions and guiding according to circumstances from the beginning of its governance, aiming at improving the production and living environment, revitalizing abandoned land resources and increasing farmers'income, and turning the management of abandoned mines into "happy real estate" and "green ATM" for the masses. Form a new model of "governance + hematopoiesis" and "one governance becomes multiple benefits".
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