Recently, Liu Jizhen, professor of North China Electric Power University, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of National Key Laboratory of New Energy Power System, elaborated on the background and development ideas of China's energy transformation at the "2023 High-level Forum on Energy Storage, Industry-University-Research Integration and Development Sub-Forum". The positioning, development direction and challenges of energy storage in the new power system are analyzed in detail.
Liu Jizhen said that the construction of new power systems will become the core driving force for the development of energy storage, and the application scenarios, scale, duration and application areas of new energy storage development need to be tailored to local conditions. At the same time, safety and economy should be taken into account. The background and development ideas
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China's energy transformation In 2022, China's total primary energy consumption amounted to 5.41 billion tons of standard coal, accounting for 26.5% of the world's total energy consumption, more than 1/4; Coal, oil, natural gas and non-fossil energy accounted for 56.2%, 17.9%, 8.4% and 17.5% of the total primary energy consumption, respectively; coal consumption was 3.04 billion tons of standard coal, accounting for 54.8% of the world's total consumption, exceeding 1/2; Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are 10.55 billion tons, accounting for about one third of the world's total carbon dioxide emissions.
Liu Jizhen pointed out that China is still in the "coal-based energy era" , and the coal-based energy structure is difficult to change fundamentally in the short term. China is facing various problems and challenges, such as coal is still dominant, environmental pollution and carbon emissions are high, energy efficiency is low, the ability of new energy technology innovation is insufficient, and the energy security situation is grim.
In recent years, under the background of promoting energy transformation and building a new power system, the energy storage industry has attracted great attention from the whole society and all countries in the world. China's new energy storage technology research and development, energy storage system integration, energy storage demonstration application, energy storage industrialization and other fields are extremely active.
At present, the development of the global energy storage industry presents the following four major development characteristics and trends:
First, the global energy storage industry is in a period of rapid growth. By the end of 2022, the scale of energy storage projects in operation in the world had reached 240 million kilowatts, an increase of 15% over the same period last year. In 2022, the new scale of energy storage will exceed 30 million kilowatts, doubling that of 2021. Among them, China, Europe and the United States accounted for 36%, 26% and 24% respectively, accounting for 86% of the global new market.
Secondly, electrochemical energy storage will become the main body of increment, and load-side energy storage will show explosive growth . By the end of 2022, the total installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage in the world was 45 million kilowatts, with an annual growth rate of 80%, of which lithium-ion batteries still dominated.
Third, the construction of new power system will become the core driving force for the development of energy storage. According to the forecast of relevant agencies, from 2022 to 2050, the proportion of new energy generation such as wind and solar power will increase from 14.4% to 50%, and the proportion of electricity in terminal energy consumption will increase from 20% to more than 50%.
Fourth, the cost reduction of energy storage technology and the policy layout will boost the continuous expansion of the industry. With the maturity of technology and the expansion of production capacity, the cost of energy storage has declined rapidly. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the global average price in 2022 is about $150 per kilowatt-hour, which is nearly 80% lower than that in 2013.
It is noteworthy that the development momentum of new energy storage in China is very rapid. By the end of 2022, the installed capacity of new energy storage in China was about 8.7 million kilowatts/18.05 million kilowatt-hours, with an average energy storage time of 2.1 hours. Among the new energy storage projects that have been put into operation in China, lithium-ion batteries account for about 94.5%, lead-acid (carbon) batteries account for about 1.7%, and flow batteries account for about 1.6%. The development of compressed air energy storage has been accelerated, accounting for about 2.0%.
At present, the new energy storage technologies applied on a large scale mainly include lithium-ion battery energy storage, flow battery energy storage and compressed air energy storage ; The new energy storage technologies for pilot demonstration mainly include sodium-ion battery energy storage, steam extraction energy storage, compressed carbon dioxide energy storage, gravity energy storage, hydrogen (ammonia) energy storage, flywheel and supercapacitor.
Solid-state batteries, metal-air batteries, multi-electron secondary batteries, heat pump energy storage, liquid air energy storage and other technical fields are research hotspots, but most of the technologies are still in the laboratory research and development stage, and there is still a certain distance from large-scale application.
It is necessary to reassess the status and role
of energy storage in the new power system. " One of the biggest disadvantages of charge is that it is difficult to achieve a large amount of accumulation .". As of 2022, the total installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage in the world is 45 million kilowatts, but compared with the larger installed capacity of power generation, the role of energy storage is very limited, and the new energy storage can not provide the necessary elements such as moment of inertia to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. Liu Jizhen said. In
this regard, he analyzed, "In the process of building a new power system, the key lies in the" source network load "link to achieve supply and demand coordination, flexible and intelligent, energy storage in the new power system will also have a place to play its role, the construction of the new power system will also become the core driving force for the development of energy storage."
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