On March 29, the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued a circular on the Reform Plan for the Adjustment and Optimization of Discipline and Specialty Settings in General Higher Education. According to
the Reform Plan for the Adjustment and Optimization of the Setting of Disciplines and Specialties in General Higher Education, it is necessary to deepen the construction of new disciplines. Actively adapt to the trend of industrial development, actively serve the strategy of manufacturing power, deepen the construction of new engineering courses and accelerate the structural adjustment of disciplines and specialties around "new engineering specialties, new requirements of engineering specialties, cross-integration and innovation". All elements of the existing engineering specialty should be upgraded, and the frontier achievements and the latest requirements of the development of related disciplines and specialties should be integrated into the talent training program and teaching process. We will intensify the construction of major national strategies, strategic emerging industries, regional pillar industries and other related disciplines and specialties, and create distinctive and synergistic clusters of disciplines and specialties. Promote the cross-integration of existing engineering, the cross-integration of engineering and other disciplines, and the extension of applied science to engineering, so as to form new interdisciplinary specialties and cultivate new engineering fields.
In addition, we should strengthen the construction of professional colleges. About 30 future technical colleges will be built in universities with good discipline and specialty foundation and strong overall strength; about 300 modern industrial colleges will be built in universities with distinctive industry characteristics and close ties with industry; and a number of high-level public health colleges will be built relying on the layout of relevant universities.
1. Overall requirements
1. In-depth study and implementation of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, comprehensive implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on education, complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept, facing the world's scientific and technological frontiers, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, the people's lives and health, and the people's lives and health. Promote colleges and universities to actively adapt to the needs of economic and social development, deepen the supply-side reform of disciplines and specialties, comprehensively improve the quality of self-cultivation of talents, and build a high-quality higher education system.
2. Guided by serving the high-quality development of the economy and society, we should think what the country wants, urgently need and meet the needs of the country, and build disciplines and specialties urgently needed for strengthening the national strategy and regional development.
-Highlighting the advantages and characteristics. Guided by the construction of new engineering, new medicine, new agriculture and new liberal arts, we should strengthen the dominant disciplines and specialties to form a talent training highland, and make the characteristic disciplines and specialties excellent to achieve classified development and characteristic development. -
Strengthening coordination and linkage. Strengthen the linkage between education system and industry departments, strengthen the coordination of talent demand forecasting, early warning, training and evaluation, and realize the matching and mutual promotion of disciplines and specialties with industry chain, innovation chain and talent chain.
3. By 2035, the structure of disciplines and specialties in higher education will be more coordinated, the characteristics will be more prominent, and the mechanism of optimization and adjustment will be more perfect, so as to form an independent training system for high-level talents, which will strongly support the construction of a first-class talent phalanx and a first-class university system, so as to realize the high-quality development of higher education and build a powerful country in higher education.
2. Improving the establishment, adjustment and construction
of disciplines and specialties in Colleges and universities 4. Colleges and universities should scientifically formulate medium- and long-term plans for the development of disciplines and specialties, actively adapt to the needs of national and regional economic and social development, knowledge innovation, scientific and technological progress and industrial upgrading, and do a good job in the optimization, adjustment, upgrading, replacement and construction of disciplines and specialties. We should unify the planning of disciplines and specialties with the development planning of school undertakings, establish and improve the working system, and conduct a special study on the adjustment of disciplines and specialties in our school every year according to the needs of social talents, the orientation of school running and the conditions of school running.
5. Colleges and universities should break the conventions, serve the major strategic needs of the country, focus on the world's scientific frontiers, key technological fields, disciplines that inherit and carry forward the excellent Chinese culture, and serve the new direction of the new field of governing the country and politics, so as to create a benchmark discipline with Chinese characteristics and world influence. We should break down the barriers of disciplines and specialties, deepen the integration of disciplines, innovate the organizational model of disciplines, reform the training model of talents, cultivate outstanding young talent teams, deepen international exchanges and cooperation, improve the mechanism of multi-channel resource raising, and build an innovative platform for the integration of science, education and industry.
6. Actively adapt to the trend of industrial development, actively serve the strategy of manufacturing power, deepen the construction of new engineering courses and accelerate the structural adjustment of disciplines and specialties around "new engineering specialties, new requirements of engineering specialties, cross-integration and innovation". All elements of the existing engineering specialty should be upgraded, and the frontier achievements and the latest requirements of the development of related disciplines and specialties should be integrated into the talent training program and teaching process. We will intensify the construction of major national strategies, strategic emerging industries, regional pillar industries and other related disciplines and specialties, and create distinctive and synergistic clusters of disciplines and specialties. Promote the cross-integration of existing engineering, the cross-integration of engineering and other disciplines, and the extension of applied science to engineering, so as to form new interdisciplinary specialties and cultivate new engineering fields.
7. Facing people's life and health, we should implement the concept of "great health" and speed up the construction of a professional system of medical disciplines serving the whole life cycle and the whole process of health. Focus on concept, content, method, technology, standard evaluation, etc., and upgrade the existing medical specialty in an all-round way. Actively adapt to the new development of medicine and health industry, and lay out and build specialties in the fields of intelligent medicine, Internet medicine and medical devices. Aiming at the frontier of medical science and technology development, we should vigorously promote the deep integration of medicine with science, engineering, liberal arts and other disciplines, and cultivate new disciplines such as "medicine + X" "X + medicine".
8. Facing the new countryside, new agriculture, new farmers and new ecology, we should promote the supply-side reform of agricultural and forestry disciplines and specialties, and support the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and rural revitalization. To meet the new requirements of the new round of scientific and technological revolution for personnel training, we should actively use modern biotechnology, information technology and engineering technology to transform and upgrade the existing agricultural-related disciplines and specialties. To serve the strategic needs of national seed industry security, cultivated land protection and construction, modern agricultural development, ecosystem management and rural construction, as well as the development of new industries such as forest health, green and low-carbon, we should set up specialities in key areas such as biological breeding, intelligent cultivated land, seed science and engineering, intelligent equipment for agriculture and forestry, and rural planning and design. We will actively promote the innovative development of agricultural industry, agricultural science, agricultural medicine and agricultural culture, and foster new disciplines and specialties related to agriculture.
9. Construct philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, construct China's independent knowledge system, and strive to answer China's questions, the world's questions, the people's questions and the times'questions, highlighting China's road, China's governance and China's principles. Promote the integration of liberal arts, liberal arts and science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, actively develop new liberal arts majors, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the original liberal arts majors. We will strengthen the construction of specialties related to the training of foreign-related talents in key areas, build bases for the education and training of foreign-related legal talents and key language talents, and actively serve the promotion of national soft power and cultural prosperity and development. Promote the digital transformation of liberal arts majors, deepen the reform of curriculum system and teaching content of liberal arts majors, achieve the unity of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability training, and create a Chinese paradigm of liberal arts education.
10. Strengthen basic science disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, and moderately expand the layout of science disciplines such as astronomy. Accurately promote the construction of basic medicine (including pharmacy) disciplines and specialties, and promote the reform of integrated eight-year clinical medical education with basic and clinical integration. We will systematically promote the construction of basic liberal arts disciplines such as philosophy and history, and promote the formation of a Chinese school of philosophy and social sciences. Promote interdisciplinary integration. To meet the requirements of "strengthening the foundation, attaching importance to application and characteristic training", we should classify and promote the training of basic and applied talents. High-level research universities should strengthen the training of basic research talents; local universities should broaden the application of basic disciplines, build a "basic + application" compound training system, and explore the establishment of "basic disciplines + minor bachelor's degree" and double bachelor's degree programs.
11. Colleges and universities should formulate scientific and standardized personnel training programs, systematically design curriculum systems, coordinate and strengthen teachers, teaching conditions and practice bases, and ensure the implementation of personnel training programs in accordance with the principle of "first wide and then deep". Regularly carry out self-evaluation of disciplines and specialties, establish and improve the annual report system on the quality of discipline and specialty construction, systematically report on the overall situation of discipline and specialty construction and adjustment, the situation of sub-specialty construction, and the situation of serving economic and social development, and actively and publicly accept social supervision.
3. Strengthen the overall planning and management
of provincial discipline and specialty construction 12. Provincial educational administrative departments and relevant departments (units) should make good plans for the development of disciplines and specialties in local and departmental colleges and universities, and guide local and departmental colleges and universities to do a good job in setting up disciplines and specialties. Comprehensive application planning, information service, policy guidance and resource allocation will promote the optimization of discipline and specialty structure in affiliated universities. We should strengthen the overall planning of provincial academic degree committees, promote the dynamic adjustment of degree authorization points by degree-granting units, give full play to the function of independent examination of degree authorization, and promote the optimization of the layout structure of existing degree authorization points by independent examination units.
13. Provincial educational administrative departments should check the basic conditions for running schools, teachers, practical conditions, student satisfaction and enrollment norms of newly established disciplines and specialties in their colleges and universities according to relevant standards, and restrict enrol ment and rectify within a time limit for those who fail to meet the requirements. Regularly carry out quality inspection of discipline and specialty construction, and order suspension of enrollment and rectification within a time limit if the conditions for running a school are seriously inadequate, the quality of teaching is low, and the employment rate is too low.
14. Relevant industry departments at the national and provincial levels should take the initiative to forecast the demand for talents in the industry, give feedback and early warning on the employment of graduates, and evaluate the use of talents, and timely release the demand for talents in the region and related key industries and industries. Provincial educational administrative departments should actively carry out the evaluation of the matching degree between disciplines and specialties in Colleges and universities and the needs of regional development, and timely publish the list of disciplines and specialties for local priority development and postponement of development. Establish and improve the linkage mechanism of enrollment, training and employment. Industry enterprises are encouraged to participate in the revision and implementation of talent training programs in Colleges and universities.
4. Optimizing the national macro-control mechanism
of disciplines and specialties 15. Implementing the new version of the catalogue of disciplines and specialties of postgraduate education, improving the establishment of first-level disciplines, actively developing professional degrees, compiling the guiding catalogue of second-level disciplines and specialties, and actively developing new interdisciplinary disciplines. Revise the catalogue of undergraduate majors in general institutions of higher learning, and dynamically adjust the catalogue of state-controlled undergraduate majors and special majors according to the changing needs of economic and social development.
16. Implement the management measures for the catalogue of disciplines and specialties of postgraduate education and the establishment and management of interdisciplinary disciplines. Regularly compile a list of urgently needed disciplines and specialties to guide development. Revise the regulations on the management of undergraduate specialty settings, explore the establishment of a professional pre-adjustment system, and clarify that the application for filing (approval) of specialties in Colleges and universities must be included in the school development plan, and in principle, the pre-filing (declaration) should be carried out one year in advance. We should strengthen the adjustment of the stock of disciplines and specialties and improve the withdrawal mechanism. The majors that have not been enrolled in colleges and universities for five consecutive years shall be revoked.
17. Improve the basic conditions and requirements of degree authorization examination, carry out the verification of doctoral and master's degree authorization points, improve the teaching quality standards of undergraduate specialties, hold the bottom line of the quality of discipline and specialty construction, and promote universities to improve the talent training program dynamically according to the standards and the actual situation of talent training. Give full play to the role of expert organizations such as the Subject Assessment Group of the Academic Degree Committee of the State Council, the National Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Steering Committee and the Higher Education Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education, and actively carry out guidance and quality supervision on the construction of disciplines and specialties.
18. Deeply implement the first-class discipline training action and the "two million plan" for the construction of first-class undergraduate specialties, and set up a benchmark for the construction of disciplines and specialties. To promote classified evaluation, basic disciplines and specialties emphasize the integration of science and education, while applied disciplines and specialties emphasize the integration of industry and education, so as to guide different types of disciplines and specialties to develop their own characteristics and levels. To carry out the three-level undergraduate professional certification work of guaranteeing qualification, improving level and pursuing excellence.
19. Coordinating the resources of universities, leading enterprises and key institutes in the construction of "double first-class initiative", innovating the modes of enrollment, training, management and evaluation, laying out a number of urgently needed disciplines and specialties in an unconventional way, building a number of high-level talent training bases, forming a more complete high-quality talent training system, and significantly enhancing the independent training ability of high-level talents.
20. About 30 colleges of future technology will be built in universities with good discipline and professional foundation and strong overall strength; about 300 colleges of modern industry will be built in universities with distinctive industry characteristics and close ties with industry; and a number of high-level public health colleges will be built relying on the layout of relevant universities. Supporting colleges and universities to build demonstration integrated circuit colleges, characteristic demonstration software colleges, first-class network security colleges, demonstration cryptography colleges, demonstration energy colleges, energy storage technology colleges, intelligent agriculture colleges, foreign-related rule of law colleges, international organization colleges and other professional characteristic colleges based on characteristic and advantageous disciplines and specialties. Promote professional (industry characteristic) colleges and universities to further improve the level of running schools with characteristics.
21. Human resources, social security and relevant industry departments should vigorously support the construction of disciplines and specialties in Colleges and universities, establish and improve the mechanism of talent prediction and early warning, establish a database of talent demand, timely release the demand for talents in key industries to the society, and set up early warning of disciplines and specialties in industries with less demand for talents.
22. Colleges and universities around the country should study and formulate the implementation plan of discipline and specialty reform in accordance with the reform plan, the actual situation of their own schools and the principle of "one school, one case". The plans of local colleges and universities shall be submitted to the provincial educational administrative departments for the record, the colleges and universities affiliated to other central departments shall be submitted to the Ministry of Education for the record with the consent of the competent departments, and the implementation plans of directly affiliated colleges and universities and local governments shall be submitted to the Ministry of Education for the record. Colleges and universities around the country should report on the implementation of the implementation plan before the end of September each year in the light of the annual discipline and specialty settings.
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