According to the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (hereinafter referred to as AFIR), there will be one hydrogen refueling station every 200 kilometers along the European core road network in every major city in Europe by 2030. The
European Council has finally approved the Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation, which sets targets for charging piles and hydrogen refueling stations in member States and encourages the adoption of zero-emission vehicles.
Although consumers generally choose electric passenger cars over hydrogen fuel vehicles, the EU believes that heavy vehicles are the most likely areas for early large-scale deployment of hydrogen-powered vehicles.
Due to the lack of hydrogen refueling stations, the use of hydrogen is limited. According to the preamble of the AFIR, hydrogen refueling stations are only deployed in a few EU member States and are not suitable for heavy vehicles.
To ensure seamless travel of hydrogen-fueled transport throughout the European region, EU Member States must ensure that by the end of 2030, a public hydrogen refueling station capable of serving heavy and light vehicles will be established every 200 km along each urban node and core route of the planned Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T).
The TEN-T core network, which connects urban nodes across Europe (the EU term for the 424 major cities in the European Union, as well as ports, airports, and rail hubs), is expected to be completed by early 2030. Each hydrogenation station must also have a hydrogenation capacity of at least one ton per day and a 70 MPa hydrogenation machine.
If the station is located along a road with an annual average daily traffic volume of less than 2,000 heavy vehicles, the deployment is not justified from a socio-economic cost-benefit perspective, and the provision allows for a daily capacity reduction of up to 50%.
EU member States are required to review the progress of these projects every two years as part of their national progress reports. The price charged by the
station operator "shall be reasonable, easy, clearly comparable, transparent and non-discriminatory", with a provisional price per kilogram of hydrogen clearly shown to the end user before the start of the hydrogenation. Renewable hydrogen will be expensive compared to
fossil fuels, which could make the transition between current heavy-duty vehicles and hydrogen-powered versions extremely slow. The European transport sector requires that at least 1% of the fuel supplied be "renewable fuels of non-biological origin" (i.e. Hydrogen or its derivatives).
But at the same time, pure electric heavy trucks are being developed, which may be cheaper to run, but take hours rather than minutes to charge.
The AFIR requires that by the end of 2025, a fast charging point of at least 150 kW for cars and trucks and a charging station for heavy vehicles with an output of at least 350 kW be installed every 60 km along the TEN-T core network.
By the end of 2024, the European Commission must submit reports to the European Parliament and Council on the technical and market readiness of heavy vehicles, with a particular focus on high-power charging standards, electric road systems and the use of liquid hydrogen.
The AFIR suggests that the review could lead to hydrogen stations setting higher capacity or introducing sub-targets for liquid hydrogen stations, but it could also mean that the EU will not take further action to encourage the adoption of pure electric options. The
new AFIR regulation was actually signed into law 20 days after it was officially released by the European Union. The new regulation will apply six months after it comes into force.
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